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08 September 2013, Volume 40 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Serum thymidine kinase 1 and cancer XU Wen-Jing, LIU De-Gan 2013, 40 (8):  643-645.  Abstract ( 679 )   PDF (782KB) ( 2005 )   Save Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), an enzyme of the pyrimidine remedial pathway, can catalyze phosphorylation of thymidine to thymidine monophosphate. It is closely related to cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation. A number of experiments show that TK1 can be used for physical examination, tumor screening, routine testing, effect monitoring and prognosis, which is considered to be a sensitive and useful marker for human tumor growth. Related Articles | Metrics

Lysyal oxidase propeptide and tumor YANG Jie, ZHU Hong 2013, 40 (8):  646-648.  Abstract ( 469 )   PDF (645KB) ( 1436 )   Save Lysyal oxidase (LOX), a cooper dependent monoamine oxidase, can stabilize the extracellular matrix and is closely related to the tumor cell differentiation, vicious transformation and invasiveness. LOX is secreted into extracellular, and it is resolved into a small fragment by sol protease, which is lysyal oxidase propeptide (LOX-PP). According to research, LOX-PP has its own structure and physiological functions,which can inhibit the growth of tumor cells. LOX-PP also plays a significant role in the generation and progression of tumor cells. LOX-PP is the hot spot of research currently, and it’s likely to be a new therapeutic target. Related Articles | Metrics

Chemokine CXCL12 in cancer ZHAO Tai-Cheng, BAI Ying 2013, 40 (8):  649-652.  Abstract ( 441 )   PDF (654KB) ( 1651 )   Save CXCL12, also known as stromal cell-derived factor 1, is a member of the CXC family, which locates on the 10th chromosome and produces by the stromal cells. It is known that CXCR4 and CXCR7 are the two receptors of chemokine CXCL12. Many studies show that the chemokine CXCL12 plays an important role in cancer progression, including proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis. Therefore, the chemokine CXCL12 is expected to become a novel target for the gene therapy of cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and transforming growth factor-β in tumor GAO Chao, FENG Xiang-Ying 2013, 40 (8):  652-655.  Abstract ( 636 )   PDF (655KB) ( 1362 )   Save Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is one of the most important hypoxia signal transmission factor, and it has been observed in many human tumors. HIF-1 could play a role of promoting tumor by regulating the expression level of transforming growth factor-β in vivo and in vitro, and then affecting the development and prognosis of tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of anti-tumor drugs to myeloid-derived suppressor cells WANG Tian, LIANG Xiao-Hua 2013, 40 (8):  655-658.  Abstract ( 560 )   PDF (652KB) ( 1524 )   Save Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important immunosuppressive role during the tumor development process. And the progression of many tumors are always accompanied with abnormal accumulation of MDSCs. Moreover, both the accumulation and functions of MDSCs could be affected by complicated factors. Therefore, how to effectively reduce the immunosuppressive effects of MDSCs in oncotherapy has become the focus of scholars. Recent studies show that anti-tumor drugs can affect many biological behaviors of MDSCs. Related Articles | Metrics

Application of three-dimensional culture model in cancer research WANG Jie-Yu, FENG Wei-Wei 2013, 40 (8):  659-661.  Abstract ( 572 )   PDF (645KB) ( 1462 )   Save Compared to the conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture, in vitro three-dimensional cell culture (3DCC) can mimic the microenvironment more exactly. Compared to in vivo animal models, 3DCC is less time-consuming and can be real-time recorded. Thus, 3DCC fills the gap between 2D culture and animal models, which is used for oncologic research quickly. In 3DCC, the characteristics of cancer cells, such as morphology, the capability of invasion and migration and the resistance to chemo-radiotherapy, are quite different from those in 2D culture. The development of 3DCC technology provides a platform for oncology, organization engineering and gene or drug screening. Related Articles | Metrics

Reserch progress of nasopharyngeal carcinoma related gene CHENG Hong-Lei, WANG Ruo-Yu 2013, 40 (8):  662-665.  Abstract ( 831 )   PDF (652KB) ( 1740 )   Save The occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a multi-gene, multi-step process. Among them, oncogene activation and antioncogene inactivation is the important mechanism. The related oncogenes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma contain Bcl-2, HGF, COX-2 and LMP-1. The related antioncogenes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma contain P53, P16, NM23-H1 and PTEN. With the deepening research on genes, studies also find that nasopharyngeal carcinoma is related to PECAM-1, MMP-9 and RECK. These genes play important roles in the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which may become new targets for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Related Articles | Metrics

Proto-oncogene Bmi-1 and head and neck cancer GAO Shan, WANG Ren-Sheng 2013, 40 (8):  665-668.  Abstract ( 468 )   PDF (656KB) ( 1421 )   Save Bmi-1 is a core member of the polycomb group genes. As a proto-oncogene, Bmi-1 plays an important role in cell self-renewal, proliferation and apoptosis. Several studies have shown that Bmi-1 is highly expressed in some head and neck malignant tumors, such as nasopharyngeal cancer and laryngeal carcinoma.  Furthermore, the expression level of Bmi-1 is closely related to the occurrence, development, incursion and prognosis of tumor. Bmi-1 is expected to become a novel tumor molecular marker, and provides a new direction for the treatment of the head and neck malignant tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and glioma CHEN Meng-Na, LIU Ting, GUO Geng 2013, 40 (8):  668-670.  Abstract ( 597 )   PDF (649KB) ( 1424 )   Save Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is highly conserved in evolution, which involves in the regulation of a variety of biological processes such as embryonic growth, development, energy metabolism and stem cells maintenance. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has a closely relationship with tumorigenesis. Investigating the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in glioma cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis will provide novel therapeutic targets and intervening measures for glioma treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

Progression of risk related genes in thyroid papillary carcinoma JIANG Lie-Hao, GE Ming-Hua, LING Zhi-Qiang 2013, 40 (8):  671-674.  Abstract ( 565 )   PDF (653KB) ( 1380 )   Save In recent years, the abnormal expressions of BRAF, Runx2, Runx3 and S100A4 genes in thyroid papillary carcinoma have been found in many studies. The abnomal expressions of those genes are closely related to the tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, mulifocality of thyroid papillary carcinoma, which may be valuable in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

Separation of breast cancer stem cell and its heterogeneity KONG Mian, LIN Yu, WANG Jun-Ye, et al 2013, 40 (8):  674-677.  Abstract ( 590 )   PDF (651KB) ( 1528 )   Save The successful separation of breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) is the foundation of BCSC research. At present, people could gather BCSC to some extent in a number of ways. However, as more and more biomarkers are found in BCSC separation, the heterogeneity becomes a hot spot. How to gather BCSC as much as possible and how to explain the heterogeneity could provide new insights in the treatment of breast cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Molecular targeted therapy for breast cancer patients based on Notch signal transduction pathway ZHANG Yong-Qu, DOU Xiao-Wei, ZHANG Guo-Jun 2013, 40 (8):  678-680.  Abstract ( 622 )   PDF (646KB) ( 1647 )   Save Studied show that the Notch signal transduction pathway involves in the regulation and control of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Aberrant Notch signaling can induce breast cancer in transgenic mice. High expressions of either Notch receptors or their ligands have been linked to poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Inhibition of Notch signal transduction pathway may be beneficial for breast cancer treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

Treatment of triple negative breast cancer LIANG Jin-Ping, ZHANG Xi-Ping 2013, 40 (8):  681-684.  Abstract ( 630 )   PDF (653KB) ( 1416 )   Save Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a special type of breast cancer. Its special clinical pathological characteristic and molecule expression type make the treatment of TNBC become an international problem. In recent years, a variety of attempts and explorations to the treatment of TNBC have made some initial results, which provides a direction for the treatment of TNBC and offers hope for patients with TNBC. Related Articles | Metrics

Stereotactic body radiotherapy in the treatment of early non-small cell lung cancer XU Lu, LI Duo-Jie 2013, 40 (8):  684-686.  Abstract ( 513 )   PDF (647KB) ( 1471 )   Save For the patients with early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who can tolerate surgery, surgery remains the standard treatment. For that patients who can not tolerate surgery, a large number of studies have shown that stereotactic body radiothery plays an indispensable role in the treatment of early NSCLC. Related Articles | Metrics

Advances of CpG island methylaton phenotypes in gastric cancer Lü Ping , LING Zhi-Qiang 2013, 40 (8):  687-689.  Abstract ( 531 )   PDF (643KB) ( 1697 )   Save CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) refers to a set of multiple gene promoter CpG island methylation phenotype which exists in tumor at the same time. Many studies show that CIMP is ubiquitous in gastric cancer, which is related to the pathogenesis，diagnosis, patient's condition, prognosis and curative effect of gastric cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

PTEN and gastric cancer WANG Si-Jia, LI Lian-Hong 2013, 40 (8):  689-692.  Abstract ( 608 )   PDF (654KB) ( 1461 )   Save The development and progression of gastric cancer is a multi-factor, multi-gene, multi-stage and multi-approach sequential process. PTEN is so far the first discovery of a dual specificity phosphatase activity of the tumor suppressor gene, which regulates the cell cycle and multiple signaling pathways of gastric cancer and plays an important role in the development and progression of gastric cancer. Further studies on PTEN will provide a new way for the early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Gastrointestinal malignancies and cardiovascular diseases WANG Qian-Qian, XU Chao 2013, 40 (8):  692-695.  Abstract ( 559 )   PDF (655KB) ( 1453 )   Save Nowadays, antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs has been applied to a variety of cardiovascular diseases, such as atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease. Several clinical studies show that there is a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal cancers in patients with cardiovascular disease. In addition, in patients taking antithrombotic drugs, positive fecal occult blood test (FOBT) improves the sensitivity for early detection of colorectal malignancies. This suggests that antithrombotic drugs may facilitate the detection of unrecognized cancers in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, there is no established evidence concerning whether more aggressive gastrointestinal tract screening will reduce the mortality of cancer in cardiology patients. But in an era of multiple antithrombotic drug usage, when patients appear unexplained anemia, gastrointestinal symptoms or positive FOBT, timely gastrointestinal tract screening is helpful to find concomitanted malignancies in these patients. Related Articles | Metrics

Applications of molecular targeted drugs in hepatocellular carcinoma SUN Hai-Feng, RUAN Zhi-Ping, YAO Yu 2013, 40 (8):  695-698.  Abstract ( 773 )   PDF (656KB) ( 1325 )   Save Surgical resection and liver transplantation are still the preferred treatments for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For the patients with advanced HCC which are not suitable for surgical resection, traditional chemotherapy can not improve the prognosis. Molecular targeted therapy is a new method and tendency in the treatment of HCC. Multiple targets inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies for HCC are widely researched and applied. Related Articles | Metrics

Multi-disciplinary and comprehensive treatment of colorectal cancer XU Jing, SUN Xiu-Hua, GAO Chong 2013, 40 (8):  699-702.  Abstract ( 500 )   PDF (651KB) ( 1373 )   Save The curative effects of multi-disciplinary and comprehensive treatments for colorectal cancer have been widely recognized in recent years. Because of the diversification of colorectal cancer treatment and the relatively mature technology, the current treatment of colorectal cancer could embody the multi-disciplinary and comprehensive treatment. The curative effect of neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy has been validated by several recent clinical trials. Other treatment methods such as Chinese medicine, radiofrequency ablation and hepatic artery infusion therapy are also involved in the comprehensive treatment, which provide considerable curative effects. Related Articles | Metrics

Applications of metabolomics in ovarian cancer JIN Fu-Jun, RAN Guang-Han 2013, 40 (8):  702-704.  Abstract ( 514 )   PDF (644KB) ( 1604 )   Save Metabolomics is a new science and technology, which it refers to a holistic analytical approach to all the low molecular weight metabolites in an organism or a cell. Metabonomics is one of the important component of life sciences, after the genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. The development of ovarian cancer is accompanied by metabolic changes. Metabolomics can provide a complete information for ovarian cancer metabolism, and can bring broad prospects for early diagnosis and individualized treatment of ovarian cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Advances in the treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma GU Jun-Jiao, LIU Yan-Yan 2013, 40 (8):  705-707.  Abstract ( 610 )   PDF (645KB) ( 1795 )   Save As recent researches suggested, the continuous infusion and novel targeted medicines have been expected to improve the outcome of patients with aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Nevertheless, it does not shown to improve the curative effect by increasingly intensive dosage. Patients with aggressive T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have present better prognosis recently, which attributed to better efficacy of the modified regimens in patients with NK/T cell lymphoma. Multiple genetic abnormalities are implicated in poorer prognosis in patients with aggressive T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Non-myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation and new targeted drugs have showed to improve the curative effects. Radiotherapy with modern technology also is expected to become an important means to improve outcomes of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Related Articles | Metrics

Expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in esophageal cancer WU Zhi, PAN Xiao-Ling, ZHONG Jie 2013, 40 (8):  708-711.  Abstract ( 520 )   PDF (652KB) ( 1269 )   Save Objective  To analyze the expression levels of matrix metallo proteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metallo proteinase-9 (MMP-9) in serum of patients with esophageal cancer, and to analyze the interrelations among MMP-2, MMP-9 and clinicopathologic characteristics of esophageal cancer. Methods  The levels of serum MMP-2, MMP-9 from 60 patients with esophageal cancer were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The interrelations among MMP-2, MMP-9 and clinicopathologic characteristics of esophageal cancer including age, gender, histological type, whether or not lymph nodes metastasis and TNM staging were analyzed.  Results  The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in control group were 61.31 ng/ml and 87.67 ng/ml, the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in patients with esophageal cancer were 121.66 ng/ml and 169.73 ng/ml. The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly higher in patients with esophageal cancer than that of general population (t=3.015, P=0.007; t=2.037, P=0.04). The level of MMP-2 was significantly associated with whether or not lymph node metastasis (t=2.150, P=0.04) and clinical staging (t=2.186, P=0.03). The level of MMP-9 was significantly associated with whether or not lymph node metastasis (t=2.390, P=0.02) and clinical staging (t=2.149, P=0.03).The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 have no reference to age, gender and histological type (all P>0.05).  Conclusion  MMP-2 and MMP-9 may correlate with tumor invasion and metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Expression of CXCR4 in breast cancer and the relationship between CXCR4 and Hedgehog signaling pathway XU Shuang-Fei, WANG Jie, ZHUANG Zhi-Gang 2013, 40 (8):  711-714.  Abstract ( 576 )   PDF (815KB) ( 1367 )   Save Objective To detect the expressions of CXCR4, Smoothened (Smo） and Patched (Ptch) in breast cancer, to analyze the clinical significance of the expression of CXCR4, and to evaluate the relationships among the CXCR4, Smo and Ptch. Methods The expressions of CXCR4, Smo and Ptch from 121 cases of breast cancer specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the results were analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of CXCR4 in breast cancer was 66.9%, which was positively associated with the lymph node metastasis (r=0.181, P=0.044). The positive expression rates of Smo and Ptch in breast cancer were respectively 58.9% and 64.5%. The expressions of Smo and Ptch were positively associated with the expression of CXCR4 in breast cancer (r=0.189, P=0.036; r=0.230, P=0.010). Conclusion The expression of CXCR4 in breast cancer are associated with the lymph node metastasis. Patients with breast cancer who express both CXCR4 and Hedgehog signaling pathway may have a higher risk of recurrence. Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and clinical significance of EphA8 in colon cancer LU Xin-Jun, LI Xiao 2013, 40 (8):  715-720.  Abstract ( 591 )   PDF (1052KB) ( 1111 )   Save Objective To investigate the expression of EphA8 in colon cancer and its clinical significance. Methods Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were respectively used to assess the expressions of EphA8 mRNA and protein in normal colon mucosa cell line and colon cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemistry for EphA8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was performed in 98 cases of colon cancer and 12 matched normal mucosa tissues. CD31 immunohistochemical staining was used for microvascular density (MVD) counting. The relationships between the expression of EphA8 and the expression of VEGF and MVD, the clinical pathological significance, and the prognosis of patients were analyzed by statistical methods. Results EphA8 mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher in colon cancer cell lines than that in normal mucosa cell lines (t=11.98, 13.54, P<0.001; t=4.63, P=0.006; t=4.92, P=0.004). The high expression of EphA8 was closely related to tumor size (χ2=22.97, P<0.001), TNM stage (P<0.001), differentiated degree (P=0.007) and lymph node metastasis (χ2=30.15, P<0.001), distant metastasis (χ2=6.97, P=0.008) and poor survival rate (χ2=17.3, P<0.001). But it was not associated with the gender and age (χ2=1.36, P=0.30; χ2=0.83, P=0.44). Besides, EphA8 had positive correlation with the VEGF and MVD (r=0.434, P<0.001; r=0.584, P<0.001). Conclusions EphA8 may play important roles in the development and metastasis of colon cancer, which has potential clinical values in the therapeutic intervention and prognosis of colon cancer. Related Articles | Metrics