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Journal of International Oncology

Table of Content

    08 August 2013, Volume 40 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    FHIT gene and tumor
    LI Na, JIA Xiu-Hong
    2013, 40 (8):  563-566. 
    Abstract ( 826 )   PDF (744KB) ( 1619 )   Save
    The human fragile histidine triad (FHIT)gene is a tumor suppressor gene, which is located at chromosome region 3p14.2.The fragile site FRA3B of the FHIT gene is the most unstable site. FHIT can promote apoptosis, and inhibit cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. High methylation status, loss of the various sections of the FHIT gene, changes of the fragile site FRA3B and abnormalities of FHIT transcripts can result in gene afunction, and then promote the development and progression of various types of cancers. Transfecting wild-type FHIT into tumor cells with low or lacking endogenous FHIT expression can induce apoptosis. The combined treatment with other genes may provide a new insight for the treatment of tumors.
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    SOX1 and tumors
    ZHANG Jia-Liang, GUAN Zhong
    2013, 40 (8):  566-569. 
    Abstract ( 672 )   PDF (668KB) ( 1398 )   Save
    SOX1, a member of the SOX transcript factor super family, has been demonstrated having the functions of regulating the development of human embryonic neural system and crystalline lens, and the additional function of SOX1 in tumors are attracting more and more attention as well. It is reported in resent years that SOX1 is detected low expressed in many kinds of tumor issue, which owns to the methylation of SOX1. SOX1 can also regulate the abilities of tumors on proliferation, invasion and migration. Besides, SOX1 may play a crucial role in regulation of the differentiation of cancer stem cells. Further research of SOX1 and its function among related pathways may contribute to seeking for new therapies for tumor treatment.
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    Paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme 4 and tumor
    WANG Fei-Fei, WANG Lin, JIANG Liang, PAN Ji-Hong
    2013, 40 (8):  572-574. 
    Abstract ( 524 )   PDF (660KB) ( 1255 )   Save
    Paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme 4（PACE4），a subtilisin-like endoprotease, which is thought to play a significant role in tumor occurrence and development. Its over or low expression may lead to enhanced proliferation and invasion of tumor cells, even increase the malignant degree. The specific regulation according to the roles of PACE4 expression in different tumors may be helpful for tumor treatment and prognosis improvement.
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    Research progress of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with tumor
    JIANG Jing-Wei, LIANG Xiao-Hua
    2013, 40 (8):  575-578. 
    Abstract ( 539 )   PDF (672KB) ( 1521 )   Save
    Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs）are a group of heterogeneous and immature myeloid-derived cells, which accumulate largely in blood, lymphoid organs, spleen and tumor tissue and so on under the different pathogenic conditions such as infection, trauma, hematosepsis, especially tumor and so on. MDSCs can suppress tumor immune through many mechanisms. The number of MDSCs in periphery blood of patients is closely related with tumor stage, tumor burden, remote metastasis and prognosis. The major results are from laboratory mice. Because of the complexity of MDSCs in patients with tumor, there are many difficulties and debate on the research of them, and the researches of human MDSCs progress slowly.
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    Tie2 expressing monocytes in cancer research
    LI Jian, ZHOU Huai-Jun
    2013, 40 (8):  579-581. 
    Abstract ( 612 )   PDF (660KB) ( 1638 )   Save
    Tie2 expressing monocytes (TEMs) only present in human circulating blood and tumor organs, and have an important role in tumor angiogenesis and progression. TEMs are effectively recruited to tumors by angiopoietin 2 （Ang2） and hypoxia and then differentiate into macrophages, which promote the angiogenesis in experimental tumor models by providing paracrine support to nascent blood vessels. Studies show that TEMs are up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, malignant glioma and other human cancers, which suggests that TEMs are conducive to diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. With the further research, TEMs are applied to deliver drugs which can obtain significant anti-tumor responses and inhibit metastasis with the ability of tumor-homing. Meanwhile, TEMs may also be a potential target for the anticancer drugs. However, the present researches indicate that the effects of TEMs in tumor microvessel density, clinical stage and prognosis are still questionable. Current works that aim at describing and predicting the concrete function of TEMs have attracted significant attention from researchers.
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    Tumor microenvironment and tumor
    ZHANG Bai-Hong, YUE Hong-Yun
    2013, 40 (8):  582-584. 
    Abstract ( 1029 )   PDF (654KB) ( 2266 )   Save
    Rational microenvironment contributes actively to cancer development through multiple mechanisms including triggering genomics instability, providing shield, promoting immune escape, inducing differentiation and permissive nich. Tumorigenesis reversely promotes the form of tumor microenvironment composed of hypoxia, decreasing pH, angiogenesis and nutrition deficiency. Tumor microenvironment not only is the reasons but also results in cancer development and progression. A better understanding of how the tumor environment affects cancer progression would provide the new strategy for cancer therapy.
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    Neoplasm oligometastasis and its therapeutic strategies
    JIANG Xue, YAN Sen-Xiang, XU Qiu-Yi, et al
    2013, 40 (8):  584-586. 
    Abstract ( 2835 )   PDF (660KB) ( 1693 )   Save
    The oligometastasic stage is an intermediate state with mild biological invasion, in which spread may be limited to specific organs and not occour polymetastases. The number of metastatic tumors is limited less than five. Local therapy such as radiotherapy, surgery and radiofrequency ablation for the relapsed sites could thus improve patient’s survival. The expression of miR-200 family characterizes oligometastasis(es). Correct understanding and familiarization with treatment of oligometastasis may change the traditional therapeutic strategy of advanced tumors，and some advanced cancer patients may achieve curable results.
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    Regulation role of resveratrol in microRNAs expression in cancers
    JI Jia-Wen, ZHOU Huai-Jun
    2013, 40 (8):  587-590. 
    Abstract ( 602 )   PDF (670KB) ( 1678 )   Save
    As a kind of polyphenolic phytoalexin, resveratrol exerts protective roles in anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and promoting metabolism. Resveratrol’s anti-tumor mechanisms may be involved in upregulating tumor suppressor microRNAs and downregulating oncogenic microRNAs, and affect its relative pathways and target genes in different cancers such as colon cancers and breast cancers. This will provide a new theoretical basis for the further clarification of resveratrol-associated tumor suppressing mechanisms and its application to the clinical.
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    Cytokines therapy in tumor treatment
    LI Chuan, LI Yan, BAI Ying
    2013, 40 (8):  590-592. 
    Abstract ( 620 )   PDF (662KB) ( 1441 )   Save
    Cytokines play an important role in the genesis and development of tumor. Antitumor mechanisms of some cytokines are clearly testified. Currently，the main cytokines used in tumor clinical treatments are interferons, interleukins and tumor necrosis factors. For the lack of specificity, there are too many side effects for some patients to continue. So the application range of cytokines in tumor clinical treatment is limited. The most important measures to develop cytokines therapy are improving the stability of curative effect and reducing side effects.
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    KL-6 in radioactive pneumonia with lung cancer
    BAO Ling-Li, WU Ai-Bing, YANG Zhi-Xiong
    2013, 40 (8):  593-595. 
    Abstract ( 770 )   PDF (660KB) ( 1383 )   Save
    KL-6 is a category of glycoprotein coded by the epithelium of sticky protein 1 (MUCl) gene, which has a1ready been regarded as an indicator of interstitial lung diseases，and later found highly expressed in part of malignant tumor patients. In recent years, studies has found that serum KL-6 is associated with the incidence of radioactive pneumonia, monitoring serum KL-6 can predict the occurrence of radioactive pneumonia as well assess the severity and prognosis of disease.
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    EGFR mutation in malignant pleural effusion of non-small cell lung cancer
    CHU Hui-Li, LIANG Xiu-Ju, BI Jing-Wang
    2013, 40 (8):  595-597. 
    Abstract ( 564 )   PDF (662KB) ( 1748 )   Save
    EGFR testing has become the consensus before EGFR-TKI treatment in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Malignant pleural effusion is the common clinical manifestation in NSCLC patients, and   EGFR testing by using different methods in pleural effusion cells and free nucleic acids has good prospect for predicting the efficacy of EGFR-TKI.
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    Drug resistance of advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated by erlotinib
    YU Xue-Juan, ZHANG Pin-Liang, REN Rui-Mei
    2013, 40 (8):  598-600. 
    Abstract ( 510 )   PDF (663KB) ( 1592 )   Save
    Erlotinib, a kind of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( EGFR-TKIs), has been effectively used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although it prolongs patients survival time, erlotinib is limited to be further applied for its resistance. It has been proved that threonine to  methionine mutations in codon 790 (T790M), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutation and the amplification of met oncogene play important roles in the drug resistance. Based on the different molecular mechanisms of resistance, multiple clinical trials of the second generation TKIs, retreatment of chemotherapy or erlotinib and subsequent treatment according to failure modes have been developed.
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    Current status of gastric cancer markers research
    LUO Zhou, CHEN Wei-Xian, TANG Jin-Hai
    2013, 40 (8):  601-605. 
    Abstract ( 485 )   PDF (678KB) ( 1407 )   Save
    Tumor markers can reflect tumor existence , and open an entrance to diagnose tumor at early stage. Recent researches reveal that gastric cancer related tumor markers such as microRNA, enzymes, cytokines and antibodies-antigens are significant for the diagnosis, treatment, relapse surveillance, prognosis evaluation of gastric cancer.
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    Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand and its receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma
    XU Jian, LI Jing-Dong
    2013, 40 (8):  605-607. 
    Abstract ( 595 )   PDF (660KB) ( 1497 )   Save
    Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligands (TRAIL) and its receptors can specifically express in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. TRAIL can specifically induce tumor cells apoptosis through death receptors (DRs); TRAIL combined radiation and chemotherapy can effectively overcome the TRAIL resistance of tumor cells, and promote the apoptosis of tumor cells, meanwhile the gene therapy of TRAIL on anti-tumor clinical treatment has been widely used.
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    Molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma
    YE Ying-Nan, WANG Yue, WANG Yang, et al
    2013, 40 (8):  608-611. 
    Abstract ( 765 )   PDF (672KB) ( 1894 )   Save
    The poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is strongly associated with invasion and metastasis. Recently, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been confirmed to be the cytological foundation of invasion and metastasis. Yet, the molecular mechanism of inducing and maintaining EMT has not been expounded completely. However,it has been demonstrated that transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B( PI3K/AKT),nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways play pivotal roles in the initiation and development of EMT. These signaling pathways can affect the prognosis of HCC by regulating EMT. From a drug development perspective, these signal pathways are potential and attractive targets for HCC treatment.
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    NO/NOS system in prostate cancer
    LI Ai-Ling, XIU Rui-Juan
    2013, 40 (8):  612-614. 
    Abstract ( 632 )   PDF (659KB) ( 1585 )   Save
    Via activating G-protein receptor transduction pathways, nitric oxide(NO)，an important signal molecule, has a complex and diverse role which is closely related with activity and gene expression of nitric oxide synthetase (NOS). NO is involved in tumor related events such as cellular proliferation, migration，especially the angiogenic process, and it is closely related with the occurrence and progression of prostate cancer. NO donors and NOS inhibitors have anti-cancer and radio-chemotherapy enhancement roles.
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    Mechanisms and risk assessment of cancer treatment-induced female fertility impairment
    LIAO Cai-Yun, LIANG Xiao-Yan
    2013, 40 (8):  614-617. 
    Abstract ( 545 )   PDF (667KB) ( 1383 )   Save
    Surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the current mainstays of cancer treatments. During ovarian cystectomy, part of the normal ovarian cortex could be resected together with ovarian mass, which compromises ovarian reserve postoperatively. This reduction in ovarian reserve is especially pronounced after resection of ovarian endometriomas. On the other hand, radiotherapy and chemotherapy may cause apoptosis of the component cells, diminish blood supply in the ovaries and weaken the brake on follicular recruitment. Brought together, these mechanisms give rise to accelerated deprivation of ovarian follicles, and hence undermine fecundity of the affected individuals. Moreover, radiotherapy could result in alterations in structure and functions of uterus and other pelvic organs, which translate into increased incidence of obstetric complications later on. Currently antral follicular count and serum anti-Müllerian hormone are the most sensitive and accurate measurements of ovarian reserve.
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    Reirradiation of locally recurrent soft tissue sarcoma
    LUO Jia-Lin, ZHU Yuan
    2013, 40 (8):  618-621. 
    Abstract ( 880 )   PDF (665KB) ( 1327 )   Save
    The incidence of local recurrence after wide local excision and radiation of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) ranges from 5% to 20%.The optimal management of locally recurrent STS must be individualized. Approaches for retreatment include wide local re-excision followed by a variety of radiation which include external-beam radiation, brachytherapy and intraoperative electron radiotherapy. Following retreatment, the likelihood of ultimate local control ranges from 37% to 100%. However, each radiation technique could produce severe side effects, and so for selected patients, repeat irradiation may be unnecessary.
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    Diagnosis and treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma
    LI Xiao-You, FENG Ji-Feng
    2013, 40 (8):  621-624. 
    Abstract ( 630 )   PDF (667KB) ( 1388 )   Save
    Primary central nervous system lymphoma ( PCNSL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma ( NHL) and has aggressive biological behavior. Due to absence of typical clinical presentation，heterogeneity of pathological morphology and multiple neuroimaging appearance and so on，the immunohistochemistry and molecular biology are of vital importance in accurate diagnosis of PCNSL. The development of regimen based on high-dose MTX leads to significant changes in the PCNSL treatment and it has become a generally recognized regimen. Compared with single radiotherapy, the survival rate has evidently been raised. Early diagnosis and surgical removal of the tumors combined with effective radiotherapy and chemo- therapy are the key to extending survival period and improving living quality of patients with PCNSL.
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    Clinical investigation of isosorbide mononitrate plus vinorelbine and cisplatin in patients with previously untreated advanced stage non–small-cell lung cancer
    ZHONG Zhao-Kun, WANG Ping, ZHANG Yao, et al
    2013, 40 (8):  625-629. 
    Abstract ( 584 )   PDF (853KB) ( 1409 )   Save
    Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of isosorbide mononitrate sustained release tables plus vinorelbine and cisplatin in patients with previously untreated advanced stage non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods 110 patients with stage ⅢB-Ⅳ NSCLC were randomly assigned to group A(57 cases) and group B(53 cases). Patients in group A were treated with vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 and cisplatin 25 mg/m2 on day 2-4, with transdermally applied isosorbide mononitrate sustained release tables (40 mg, daily for 8 days) , and patients in group B were treated with vinorelbine and cisplatin. Response to treatment was assessed by RECIST1.1 and adverse effect was assessed by NCI-CTC（3.0）. Results The response rate in group A (58.2%, 32/55 patients) was significantly higher than that for patients in group B (30.8%, 16/52 patients; χ2=8.120, P=0.004). Median TTP and median OS in group A were longer than those in group B (8.2 v 5.8 months, χ2=10.684, P=0.001; 11.6 v 9.0 months, χ2=11.231, P=0.001). While，patients with squamous carcinoma showed better response to chemotherapy (RR=2.438, 95%CI 1.136-5.231, P=0.022). Adverse effect difference was not significant between group A and group B, except headache. The rate of grade 1 to 2 headache in group A (34.5%; 19 of 55 patients) was significantly higher than that in group B (3.8%; 2 of 52 patients; P<0 .001). Conclusion Use of isosorbide mononitrate sustained release tables combined with vinorelbine and cisplatin may improve overall response, TTP and OS in patients with advanced stage NSCLC.
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    Molecular subtypes and prognosis of breast cancer
    GAO Cai-Hua, LIANG Xiao-Ling, DONG Gui-Zhi
    2013, 40 (8):  629-634. 
    Abstract ( 517 )   PDF (682KB) ( 1418 )   Save
    Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Methods A cohort of 716 breast cancer patients which had clear immunohistochemical detection were investiged.Their molecular subtypes were categorized as luminal A, luminal B,HER-2 over-expressing and basal-like subtypes,based on detection of ER,PR,Her-2 expression, and the clinical data including characteristics, relapse , prognosis and prognostic factors of the patients with different subtypes of breast cancer were analyzed retrospectively. Results There were no significant differences among different molecular subtypes at the age,menopausal status, production times, clinical stage,and radiation therapy(P>0.05). There were significant differences among different molecular subtypes at axillary lymph node status, tumer size and operation method and chemotherapy regimens(P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that clinical stage，axillary lymph node status and molecular typing were independent prognostic factors affecting long-term survisal rate. Conclusion Breast cancer patients in different subtypes have different long-term survival rate. The patients in basal-like subtype have the worst long-term survival rate. Molecular subtypes may provide important information to predict the prognosis of breast cancer.
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    Clinical effect of docetaxel combined with gemcitabine for patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer and its prognostic factors 
    ZHANG Shen-Feng, TIAN Tao, WANG Wen-Peng, et al
    2013, 40 (8):  634-638. 
    Abstract ( 542 )   PDF (822KB) ( 1596 )   Save
    Objective To explore the efficacy and the prognostic factors of docetaxel combined with gemcitabine for patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. Methods 46 patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancerreceived docetaxel combined with gemcitabine regimen (docetaxel 75 mg/m2, intravenous drip, d1; gemcitabine 1000 mg /m2, intravenous drip, d1,d8; The regimen was repeated every three-weeks for 3-6 cycles. ). The response rate (RR) was evaluated after 2 cycles, and the overall survival (OS) and progress-free survival (PFS) were recorded. Single factor chi square test and multivariate Cox proportion hazard model were used to evaluate the relationship between clinic pathologic features and RR,OS. Results  The overall response rate was 56.5% (26/46) and disease control rate was 82.6% (38/46), with 4 patients of complete remission (8.7%), 22 patients of partial remission (47.8%), 12 patients of stable disease (26.1%) and 8 patients of progressive disease (17.4%). The median OS of 46 patients was 16.0 months (95%CI: 6.5-25.5 months) and PFS was 8.0 months (95%CI: 6.2-9.8 months). Single factor analysis showed that age, menopausal status, PS score, the number of metastasis had correlations with RR(P<0.05); Cox proportion hazard model also showed that age, menopausal status, PS score, the number of metastasis had correlations with OS, and were the prognostic factors (P<0.05).The most frequent treatment-related adverse events were myelosuppression, gastrointestinal reaction, rash, alopecia, fatigue, and were tolerable (Ⅰ-Ⅱ level). Conclusion  Docetaxel combined with gemcitabine is effective and safe in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. Age, menopausal status, PS score and the number of metastasis are the prognostic factors for efficacy of docetaxel combined with gemcitabine regimen.
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