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08 July 2013, Volume 40 Issue 7 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Mast cells and tumor angiogenesis CAO Li, LI Wei, DENG Fan 2013, 40 (7):  483-485.  Abstract ( 570 )   PDF (756KB) ( 1556 )   Save  Mast cells (MCs) are bone marrow-derived and tissue-homing immune cells which have important functions. Recruitment and activation in tumors are demonstrated to be mainly mediated by tumor-derived stem cell fact MCs in tumors are closely related to the growth of tumors and angiogenesis. MCs can or (SCF) and its receptor c-kit on MCs. Neovascularization is necessary for the tumor growth by providing plenty of nutrients and oxygen. The numbers and distributions of mediate angiogenesis by releasing a series of angiogenesis factors, so as to promote the progress of tumors. Related Articles | Metrics

Roles of the mitochondria in tumorigenesis  ZHANG Bai-Hong, YUE Hong-Yun 2013, 40 (7):  486-488.  Abstract ( 765 )   PDF (680KB) ( 2412 )   Save As semi-autonomous organelles, mitochondria are easily damaged by various factors. Mitochondrial dysfunction such as abnormal oxidative phosphorylation, metabolism alterations, apoptosis prevention, damaged mitophagy, immune escape and deregulated signaling pathway have been hypothesized to be involved in tumorigenesis. Modulated mitochondria may prevent the occurrence of tumors. Related Articles | Metrics

Parathyroid hormone related peptide and tumor  YANG Ming-Yan, LIANG Hua-Sheng 2013, 40 (7):  489-491.  Abstract ( 649 )   PDF (682KB) ( 1590 )   Save The parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) participates in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism and multiple organ growth, and plays an important role in the processes of malignant tumor bone metastasis and hypercalcemia. Currently, more and more researches have confirmed that PTHrP can be secreted by a variety of types of tumor cells. PTHrP participates in regulating tumor cell proliferation and invasion, and it is closely related to the prognosis of patients, which provides a new target of cancer treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of adrenomedullin on cell migration activity ZHI Li-Qiang, GUO Chi-Hua, MA Wei- 2013, 40 (7):  491-493.  Abstract ( 492 )   PDF (683KB) ( 1543 )   Save Adrenomedullin (ADM) has wide distribution in the body and has many biological effects, which participates in many physiological and pathological processes. What’s more, it is closely related to the degree of malignancy, prognosis and metastasis of tumors. ADM has different effects on different types of cells via one or more signal pathways, so that can product various effects. It also provides a new treatment strategy for preventing or slowing the progress of the cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

null SHAO Song-Jun, ZHANG Xiang-Ning, HUANG Pei-Chun 2013, 40 (7):  494-497.  Abstract ( 520 )   PDF (687KB) ( 1750 )   Save Chemotherapy is one of the most important methods of cancer treatment. However, multidrug resistance (MDR) has been the main factors affecting their efficacies. Recent studies show that the amplification of MDRl gene in tumor cells, the over expression of the related drug resistance protein and the cell cycle and apoptosis pathway in signal transduction are the main causes for the failure of chemotherapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Mechanisms and clinical applications of HDAC inhibitors in cancer YU Dan-Dan, WU Gang, LIU Hong-Li 2013, 40 (7):  497-500.  Abstract ( 647 )   PDF (691KB) ( 1444 )   Save  Acetylation regulated by histone deacetylases (HDAC) has a broad influence on plenty of physiological processes and regulation of malignant tumor. HDAC inhibitors can promote tumor cell apoptosis and have little effect on normal cells, so they have been developed a new kind of anti-tumor agent, and part of them have entered clinical trials. Vorinostat and romidepsin have been approved by FDA for treating cutaneous T cell lymphoma patients with progressive, persistent and recurrent disease. Studies of the molecular mechanisms of the HDAC inhibitors will contribute to the further clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

null LIU Ming-Yue, ZANG Fu-Cai, TANG Wei- 2013, 40 (7):  501-503.  Abstract ( 535 )   PDF (682KB) ( 1965 )   Save  In recent studies, obesity is a risk factor for a variety of cancers, including breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Obesity can regulate the tumorigenesis and development of cancer by some factors, such as insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), leptin, fat cytokines and hormones. Understanding the relationship between obesity and cancer can provide a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Research about Bevacizumab combined with FOLFOX protocol to treat metastasis colorectal cancer WU Yu-Li, 吕Chao , ZHENG Duo, WU Shuo-Dong 2013, 40 (7):  503-506.  Abstract ( 1009 )   PDF (691KB) ( 1713 )   Save The common therapy of colorectal cancer is FOLFOX scheme, which contains flurouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated that bevacizumab combined with FOLFOX scheme in cancer's therapy is safe and effective. But the adverse reactions including hypertension, neurovirulence, gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation are raised up. Scholars have carried out a series of studies for the overall survival times, tumor response rates and survival qualities for the patients with metastatic colorectal cancer which using the joint scheme, but they draw different conclusions The usefulness and safety of the joint scheme still need more RCT and meta-ananlysis to be proved. Related Articles | Metrics

Application and development of intrabeam LI Lei, WANG Yan-Ming 2013, 40 (7):  506-509.  Abstract ( 554 )   PDF (692KB) ( 1549 )   Save Intrabeam, a newly developed intraoperative radiotherapy in recent years, has many advantages such as accurate positioning, small size, easy to move and requiring a lower of protection. It is widely used in the treatment of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, bone metastases tumors and other malignancies. Intrabeam as a new way of intraoperative radiotherapy, is expected to provide more options for the treatment of a variety of neoplasms. Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical research of endocrine resistance in breast cancer LI Wei-Bing, XU Qi-Ni- 2013, 40 (7):  509-511.  Abstract ( 669 )   PDF (683KB) ( 1849 )   Save Endocrine therapy is the most important systemic therapy for hormone receptor positive breast cancer. However, intrinsic or acquired resistance to endocrine therapy is a challenge currently. Crosstalk between estrogen receptor pathway and other pathway is considered to be one of the underlying mechanisms. Progress has been made in reversing resistance by blocking signaling through pathways such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinases-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin and epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

Advancement and the value of the targeted gene related to lung cancer GUO Yu-Ping, WANG De-Xi 2013, 40 (7):  512-515.  Abstract ( 684 )   PDF (689KB) ( 1567 )   Save The occurrence and development of lung cancer are closely related to gene expression and mutations. Recent studies of lung cancer related genes show that the expression of COPS3 gene may play a key role in the lung cancer cell proliferation. Echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion gene and epidermal growth factor receptor mutations coexist. GA733 gene is closely related to lung cancer survival. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, high mobility protein family, members of the scavenger receptor class 5 and epidermal growth factor receptor provide new ideas for targeted therapy of lung cancer. For the therapy of lung cancer, multiple gene therapy and gene therapy combined with conventional treatment is required. Related Articles | Metrics

GPRC5A and lung cancer JIN 儿, MA Sheng-Lin 2013, 40 (7):  515-516.  Abstract ( 561 )   PDF (675KB) ( 1263 )   Save The G protein-coupled receptor family C, member 5, group A (GPRC5A) gene is known as retinoic acid-induced gene, which is mainly distributed in lung tissue. The expression of GPRC5A in lung cancer is significantly decreased compared with normal lung. GPRC5A leads to lung cancer through knockout mice, which is proven to be a suppressor gene of lung cancer. GPRC5A may be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of lung cancer and a new target for the treatment of lung cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Roles of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ in lung cancer FU Feng-Lian, JIANG Yong-Xin- 2013, 40 (7):  517-520.  Abstract ( 675 )   PDF (692KB) ( 1418 )   Save Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that plays a critical role in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis, and in the processes of tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion and distant metastasis. Studies demonstrate that PPARγ expression is detected in human lung cancer tissues and numerous lung cancer cell lines. Activation of PPARγ through its ligands impedes significantly a variety of tumor progression, including lung cancer. However, systemic activation of PPARγ has been reported to be protumorigenic in some in vitro systems and in vivo models. Related Articles | Metrics

Circulating tumor cells and lung cancer GONG Lei, FAN Yun- 2013, 40 (7):  520-522.  Abstract ( 743 )   PDF (684KB) ( 1436 )   Save Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play an important role in tumor metastasis. Detections of CTCs are contribute to tumor treatment, which can provide reliable basis for predicting the prognosis and efficacy. CTCs are related to the staging and distant metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The number changes of CTCs are associated with the chemotherapy and radiotherapy effects and prognosis in NSCLC. Almost the same phenomena have been discovered in small cell lung cancer. In the future, CTCs may be used to monitor the occurrence of drug resistant tumor cells and help individual therapy for lung cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

NSCLC staging system and the implication of 7th lung cancer TNM classification CAI Wen-Ke, SHI Yun-? 2013, 40 (7):  523-526.  Abstract ( 583 )   PDF (687KB) ( 1635 )   Save The TNM staging is the most common tumor staging system of lung cancer. The new revisioned 7th lung cancer TNM staging is published by the international association for the study of lung cancer (IASLC) in the 13th world conference on lung cancer. Accurate clinical staging depends on the multi-analysis from medical histroy, clinical examination, imaging examination and invasive test, which has important significance for guiding the treatment of lung cancer. The 7th lung cancer TNM classification has been revised respectively from the primary focus, lymph node metastasis and remote viscera metastasis, so as to make it more accurately corresponding to the prognosis of patients. Related Articles | Metrics

Advances in the the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined with chemotherapy for lung cancer treatment   ZHANG Bei-Bei, SONG Zheng-Bo, ZHANG Yi-Ping-* 2013, 40 (7):  526-529.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.07.016 Abstract ( 660 )   PDF (690KB) ( 1408 )   Save Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) show good efficacy for the lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations. Chemotherapy drugs are the first choices for the lung cancer patients with EGFR wild-type. In basic research, EGFR-TKIs combination with chemotherapy drugs show good synergy. But in clinical research, the timing of EGFR-TKIs combination with chemotherapy drugs is related to the efficacy. Related Articles | Metrics

New ideas for researches of gastric cancer side population cells and cancer stem cells GUO Chen-Xu, QIAN Jun 2013, 40 (7):  529-532.  Abstract ( 526 )   PDF (690KB) ( 1495 )   Save Based on the theory of cancer stem cells (CSCs), people have been searching for the treatments of malignant cancers. Gastric cancer side population cells (SP) have the characteristics of CSCs. Searching for the molecular targeted therapy strategy of gastric cancer which embarks from the gastric cancer SP and is based on the theory of CSCs provides a new direction for the treatment, early diagnosis, therapeutic effect and prognosis of gastric cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Radiotherapy combined with transcatheter hepatic artery chemoembolization for the treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma LI Bin-Ru, LI Gong- 2013, 40 (7):  532-536.  Abstract ( 515 )   PDF (700KB) ( 1336 )   Save Radiotherapy and interventional thearapy are the main means for unresectable advanced primary hepatic carcinoma. However, the efficacies are restricted by their respective adaptability. The development of radiotherapy, especially the application of radiotherapy combined with transcatheter hepatic artery chemoembolization provide more suitable treatment means for patients. Related Articles | Metrics

MicroRNA and renal carcinoma MA Xu-Yi, XU Hai-Yan, HE Xiao-Zhou, ZHANG Xue-Guang- 2013, 40 (7):  536-539.  Abstract ( 527 )   PDF (691KB) ( 1565 )   Save MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionary conserved non-coding RNA molecules. They involve in a variety of biological processes such as regulating the individual development, cell division, differentiation, apoptotic and fat metabolism through post-transcription pathway. It has been shown that miRNAs play important roles in the development and progression of many tumors, including of renal carcinoma. MiRNAs play functions similar to oncogenes or anti-oncogenes in the development and progression of renal carcinoma by regulating the signaling pathway of its target genes involving in. Related Articles | Metrics

Radical trachelectomy application status in invasive cervical cancer WANG Xiao-Li, ZHAO Wei-Dong 2013, 40 (7):  539-542.  Abstract ( 605 )   PDF (690KB) ( 1488 )   Save Radical trachelectomy (RT) is known as a developing sign of the surgical treatment of cervical cancer in the 21st century. RT brings hope for the  patients with early cervical cancer who eager to retain their fertilities. The extent of surgery include RT and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The major methods of radical trachelectomy include abdominal (RAT) and vaginal (RVT) approaches. The efficacy and feasibility of RT is similar with standard treatment, which has great application value in clinical. Related Articles | Metrics

Roles of hypoxia and Notch1 in multiple myeloma  LI Ban-Ban, GUO Dong-Mei, TENG Qing-Liang 2013, 40 (7):  542-546.  Abstract ( 733 )   PDF (699KB) ( 1527 )   Save Recently numerous studies have demonstrated that in multiple myeloma (MM) hypoxia obviously exists the microenvironment of hypoxia, in which there is overexpression of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) that is related to poor prognosis. Notch signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation in hematopoietic microenvironment, which is associated with MM occurrence and the drug resistance. The latest researches show that there are close relations between hypoxia and Notch signaling pathway in tumor occurrence and progression. Exploring the interactions of microenvironment of hypoxia, HIF-1α and Notch signaling pathway will provide theoretical basis for MM targeted therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of bone metabolic markers SUN Shan-Shan, GAO Wen-Cang- 2013, 40 (7):  546-548.  Abstract ( 474 )   PDF (682KB) ( 1592 )   Save Biochemical markers of bone metabolism are some of the final product which are released into the blood during the process of bone resorption or bone formation. Accumulative evidence shows that biochemical markers of bone metabolism through enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) are more sensitive and specific than imaging examination. Moreover, biochemical markers of bone metabolism also display their superiorities on the early diagonosis, monitoring efficacy and prognosis evaluation in patients with bone metastases. Applications of biochemical markers of bone metabolism combined with imaging examination are more value for the early diagonosis, monitoring efficacy and prognosis evaluation in patients with bone metastases. Related Articles | Metrics

Curative effect observation of disodium cantharidinate and vitamin B6 injection to improve the cancer-related fatigue in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients of Ⅲ-ⅣB stage undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy  WANG Ping, TAO Lei, WANG Da-Rong, YANG Zhi-Yong, LIU Jing, JI Sheng-Wei-? 2013, 40 (7):  549-551.  Abstract ( 875 )   PDF (684KB) ( 1480 )   Save Objective  To investigate the effectiveness of disodium cantharidinate and vitamin B6 injection for cancer-related fatigue in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients of Ⅲ-ⅣB stage undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Methods  Eighty nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients of Ⅲ-ⅣB stage with fatigue symptoms from December 2011 to May 2012 in our hospital were divided into two groups. All patients received treatment of sequential 3 cycles with platinum-based chemotherapy after concurrent chemoradiation. One group of 40 patients also received intravenous infusion of disodium cantharidinate and vitamin B6 injection (experimental group), the other group of 40 patients only received conventional therapy (control group). Brief fatigue inventory (BFI) questionnaires data were collected at baseline, the eighth week and the twentieth week after treatment. The changes of fatigue severity and the occurrence of Ⅲ~Ⅳ degree adverse reactions in the two groups were compared . Results  At the eighth week, the improvement in fatigue severity was not significantly different between two groups (?2=1.758, P=0.32). However, significant improvement in cancer-related fatigue of experimental group was found than that of control group at the twentieth week. The Ⅲ~Ⅳ degree adverse reactions of experimental group were significantly lower than that of control group (?2=8.12, P=0.005). Conclusion  Disodium cantharidinate and vitamin B6 injection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy can improve the cancer-related fatigue of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients of Ⅲ~ⅣB stage and it can also reduce the incidence rate of Ⅲ~Ⅳ degree adverse reactions (?2=6.144, P=0.031). Related Articles | Metrics

Expression of angiopoietin-2 and prognosis after hepatic resection in hepatocellular carcinoma GUAN Tie-Jun, YANG Yu-Bo, WANG Bin, CHEN Feng, LIU Feng, WANG Xiao-Ming, HUA Nan, ZHOU Ping, YAN Guang-Zhi, LU Jian , WANG Shuai, HAO Yan-Yong-? 2013, 40 (7):  552-556.  Abstract ( 540 )   PDF (787KB) ( 1280 )   Save Objective  To study the relationship between the expressions of angiopoietins-2 (Ang-2) and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatic resection. Methods  Sixty patients with primary liver cancer were retrospectively analyzed and the expressions of Ang-2 in carcinoma tissues were assayed by immunohistochemical staining. The interrelationships among the expressions of Ang-2, clinicopathological factors and the grade of differentiation of HCC cells were studied. The relationship between the expressions of Ang-2 and survival time was analysed. Results  The expression rate of Ang-2 was 70%. Ang-2 staining had no correlation with clinicopathological factors (P＞0.05), but it had a significant correlation with the grade of differentiation of HCC cells (χ2=5.424，P=0.025). Ang-2 of moderately and poorly differentiated HCC were higher (66.7%) than those of well-differentiated HCC. The disease-free survival rates of patients with high Ang-2 expression and low Ang-2 expression were 50% (1-year), 33.3% (3-year), 16.7% (5-year) and 89.6% (1-year), 50.0% (3-year), 27.1% (5-year), respectively. The disease-free survival of patients with high Ang-2 expression were significantly less than those of patients with low Ang-2 expression (χ2=6.477, P =0.021). Conclusion  The expressions of Ang-2 are correlated with the grade of differentiation of HCC cells, but are not correlate with clinicopathological factors. The survivals of patients with Ang-2 high expression are lower than those of low expression. Ang-2 is a significant predictive factor for recurrence after hepatic resection in HCC patients. Related Articles | Metrics

Curative effects and late phase reactions of nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy in 246 cases JI Lei, ZHOU Ju-Ying, XU Xiao-Ting, QIN Song-Bing- 2013, 40 (7):  556-560.  Abstract ( 561 )   PDF (1040KB) ( 1188 )   Save Objective To analyze the curative effects, late phase reactions and their prognostic factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with radiotherapy. Methods Retrospective analysis was made for 246 cases of NPC which were confirmed by pathological diagnosis and with complete follow-up data in the first affiliated hospital of Soochow university. K-M method was used for analysis of survival rate and the log rank method was used to compare the survival between groups. Cox regression was used for analysing the prognostic factors. Logistic regression was used for analysing the factors which affect the late phase reactions. Results The follow-up rate was 94.6％. The 1-year, 3-year, 5-year overall survival (OS) were 97.97%, 81.82%, 67.85%. The 1-year, 3-year, 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) were 83.33%, 70.00%, 39.29% respectively. Age (χ2=6.604, P=0.010), T stage (χ2=3.670, P=0.050), N stage (χ2=19.658, P=0.001) and the clinical stage (χ2=4.626, P=0.031) were the prognostic factors for the OS. Cox multivariate analysis showed that the independent prognostic factors for the OS were clinical stage and age. Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent prognostic factors for the late phase reactions were age and rehabilitation time. Conclusion The main factors for the long term survival of NPC patients after radiotherapy are early TNM stage and young age. Patients with younger age and longer rehabilitation time have lower incidence of late phase reactions. Related Articles | Metrics