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08 June 2014, Volume 41 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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MicroRNA and cancerassociated signal transduction pathways YE Zhen-南, XU Shan-Shui, FANG Xing-Gen 2014, 41 (6):  401-404.  Abstract ( 303 )   PDF (804KB) ( 1301 )   Save MicroRNA (miRNA), which is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors, may act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes by regulating target genesrelated signal transduction pathways, such as epidermal growth factor receptor pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3kinaseprotein kinase B pathway and Ras signal transduction pathway. It is believed that miRNAs have broad application prospects in the treatment of tumors. Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of miRNA on radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity in glioma stem cells CHEN Jia-Rong, SUN Quan-Quan, ZHANG Tian, LU Yan-Meng, YUAN Ya-Wei 2014, 41 (6):  405-407.  Abstract ( 505 )   PDF (727KB) ( 1393 )   Save The expression of microRNA (miRNA) is closely related to radiochemosensitivity in glioma stem cells (GSCs). Moreover, the growth of glioma stem cells could be inhibited comprehensively by increasing radiochemosensitivity and apoptosis, simultaneously with the regulation of a single miRNA, which has been confirmed by some researches. Thereby microRNA is prospective for the adoption  as a specific agent in targeted therapy of glioma, so as to increase the radiochemosensitivity in glioma stem cells. Related Articles | Metrics

Critical roles of GRP78 in carcinogenesis, growth and chemoresistance of malignancy FAN Wen, LUO Cheng-Yan, CHENG Wen-Jun 2014, 41 (6):  408-411.  Abstract ( 509 )   PDF (701KB) ( 1296 )   Save GRP78, as endoplasmic reticulum resident chaperone, is highly induced by a variety of tumor microenvironmental stresses, such as hypoxia and  glucose deprivation. GRP78 is implicated in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. Recent evidence indicates that GRP78 levels is correlated with pathological grade, stage and prognosis for the majority of solid tumors. In addition, GRP78 plays an important role in drug tolerance and knockdown of GRP78 has been shown to sensitize malignant cells. GRP78 could not only be a good biomarker to predict cancer progression and chemoresponsiveness, but also an appealing target for the development of a more selective chemotherapy. Related Articles | Metrics

Roles of SphKS1PS1PR signaling pathway in pathogenesis of tumors LEI Ye, XU Xiao-Qian, WANG Jian-Min 2014, 41 (6):  412-415.  Abstract ( 400 )   PDF (682KB) ( 1988 )   Save Sphingosine1phosphate (S1P) is a kind of bioactive messenger which is catalyzed by sphingosine kinases (SphK) and mediates various biological behaviors through binding to sphingosine1phosphate receptors(S1PR). Researches demonstrate that the aberration of SphK, S1P and S1PR is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancers, such as leukemia, breast cancer, colorectal cancer and lymphoma. The interaction between S1PR1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is shown to take part in the pathogenesis of malignant tumors as well. Therefore, they are considered to have the potential tumortreatment value. Related Articles | Metrics

Relationship between factor1α and epithelial mesenchymal transformation CAO Chun, MA Xiao-Jie, TAN Bang-Xian 2014, 41 (6):  415-418.  Abstract ( 433 )   PDF (684KB) ( 1213 )   Save Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF1α) is a hypoxia response regulator, which is highly expressed in malignant tumors. Researches have shown that   HIF1α plays an important role in epithelial mesenchymal transformation. It can regulate epithelial mesenchymal transition through a series of signal  pathways and mechanisms at many levels, to participate in the invasion and metastasis of tumors. To explore the mechanism of HIF1α controlling epithelial mesenchymal transformation has important significance for the development of new, effective tumor treatment methods. Related Articles | Metrics

Chemokine receptor 4 and tumors MA Ya-Nan, WANG Bao-Hong, XU Xiao-Qun, WANG Jun-Fu 2014, 41 (6):  418-421.  Abstract ( 395 )   PDF (683KB) ( 1122 )   Save Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) belongs to G proteincoupled receptor superfamily. It can induce immune cellsdirected chemotaxis， thus keeping their homeostasis. CXCR4 expresses on a variety of tissues and cells. In different tumors and at different stages of tumors, CXCR4 expression is significantly higher than that in  normal tissues. CXCR4 plays an important role in tumor progression since it is involved in tumor cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion and metastasis. Related Articles | Metrics

Progress of lentiviral vector on neoplasms gene therapy research NIU Xin, DENG Zhi-Hua 2014, 41 (6):  422-424.  Abstract ( 370 )   PDF (672KB) ( 1424 )   Save Lentiviral vectors (LV), a special member of retroviral vectors, has become hot in gene therapy research. Studies have shown that LV can make exogenous gene expressed stably in tumor cells. As a tool for transportation, LV plays a significant role in the gene therapy of digestive system, hematologic system and gynecological tumor, which provides a promising new way for neoplasms gene therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

Research Progress in the mechanism of histone deacetylase inhibitors as radiosensitizers WU Kan, WU Zhi-Bing, CHEN Xu-Feng, MA Sheng-Lin 2014, 41 (6):  425-428.  Abstract ( 345 )   PDF (684KB) ( 1366 )   Save One leading research target of modern tumor radiotherapy is to increase radiosensitization of tumor and improve curative effect of radiotherapy. Histone deacetylase inhibitors are epigenetic drugs that can play a part in radiosensitization through means of induction of apoptosis, inhibition of repair of DNA doublestrand breaks, cell cycle arrest, improvement of tumor cell hypoxia and increase of reactive oxygen species. There is an urgent need to develop biomarkers based on these pathways, which can promote clinically individualized treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

Treatment of elderly nonsmall cell lung cancer YANG Li-Jiao, XU Xiang-Ying 2014, 41 (6):  429-432.  Abstract ( 350 )   PDF (682KB) ( 1414 )   Save In recent years, the incidence rate and mortality rate of nonsmall cell lung cancer （NSCLC） in elderly patients have been increasing. The therapy scheme consists of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and target therapy, with the purpose of prolonging survival time and improving life quality. But there is no unified standards of treatment in elderly nonsmall cell lung cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Sequeutial and concurrent chemoradio therapy for stage Ⅲ nonsmall cell lung cancer JIANG Xiao-Jun 2014, 41 (6):  432-435.  Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (682KB) ( 1175 )   Save With the development of medical technology, methods for treatment of lung cancer gradually diversified. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy have gradually become the main methods of treatment. Clinical study have found that simply adopting one kind of treatment, cannot achieve ideal control, with the result of  low 5 year survival rate, and high recurrence rate and metastasis. Combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy, can achieve better effect than that by using single method of treatment, as nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is particularly sensitive to the chemotherapy. Recent clinical findings indicate that treating late NSCLC patients with combined therapy methods could achieve significant clinical effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The theoretical foundation and research progress for erlotinib combined with whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment for nonsmall cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases ZHU Hong, LI Yun-Hai, WANG Hong-Lin, ZHAO Sen 2014, 41 (6):  435-438.  Abstract ( 447 )   Save The prognosis of patients with brain metastases from nonsmall cell lung cance (NSCLC)is  dismal, and whole brain radiation therapy(WBRT) cannot simultaneously control the extracranial lesions. Study results of Tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI) for brain metastases in patients with lung cancer are encouraging, and treatment efficacy is related to EGFR mutation status.The sensitizing theoretical foundation exists in utilizing erlotinib combined with WBRT for the treatment in brain metastases patients with lung cancer. Currently, a small clinical trial data shows that erlotinib combined with WBRT has better efficacy compared to erlotinib alone, and the toxicity can be tolerated. Related Articles | Metrics

Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases WANG Wei-Qian, DENG Jiong 2014, 41 (6):  439-443.  Abstract ( 538 )   PDF (1229KB) ( 1523 )   Save Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two highmortality diseases in the world. Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that presence of COPD increases the risk of lung cancer. Habitual cigarette smoking frequently develops lung cancer as well as COPD, However the links between the two diseases should be more than smoking alone. The underlying mechanisms may include genetic predisposition, inflammation and cell injury, oxidative and noxious stress, extracellular matrix and proteinases, some of which might represent the targets for chemoprevention or chemotherapy. Related Articles | Metrics

The therapy for triple negative breast cancer GUAN Ge-Ge, ZHOU Fu-Xiang, ZHOU Yun-Feng 2014, 41 (6):  443-446.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2014.06.013 Abstract ( 468 )   PDF (641KB) ( 1471 )   Save Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a special subgroup of breast cancer with more aggressive biological behavior and clinicopathological characteristics, and the therapy of TNBC has always been the research difficulty and hot spot. Currently，surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy are still the main method in local treatment, amd the research of traditional chemotherapy and targeted therapy have been made some progress.Meanwhile, new drugs continuously appear in recent years. Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of gastrointestinal stromal tumor ZHU Yu-Ping, LI De-Chuan, LIU Zhuo 2014, 41 (6):  447-450.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2014.06.014 Abstract ( 457 )   PDF (635KB) ( 1254 )   Save Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is one kind of the most common gastrointestinal tumors derived from the mesenchymal tissue. In most cases, it  occurs in adults, while rarely occurs in adolescents. The clinical diagnosis of pediatric GIST  can refer to the diagnosis standard of adults GIST, but it pays more attention to genetic diagnosis. The main treatment for pediatric GIST is surgery, but for advanced or unresectable patients, we can adopt  imatinib or sutent for targeted therapy according to the results of genetic testing. Related Articles | Metrics

Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of cervical cancer WANG Xiang-Quan, FU Chun 2014, 41 (6):  450-453.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2014.06.015 Abstract ( 518 )   PDF (638KB) ( 1113 )   Save Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can  form a threedimensional positioning anatomical imaging.By comparing the tumor volume and signal intensity changes, there is great value of MRI in the assessment of the efficacy of cervical cancer. With the development of imaging, magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can provide qualitative and quantitative information of the cellular level, which reflects changes in the treatment of tumor cells. Magnetic resonance imaging can predict early locally advanced cervical cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy, thus providing an important basis for individualized treatment of patients. Related Articles | Metrics

The effect and mechanism of microRNA in the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer ZHANG Wei, CHEN Guo-Dong, HE Geng-Sheng, LI Chong 2014, 41 (6):  454-457.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2014.06.016 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (637KB) ( 1422 )   Save Evidence has shown that the abnormal expression of specific microRNAs（miRNAs） is associated with the occurrence, development and prognosis of pancreatic cancer, which is the potential target of forecast about invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. There is  close relation between miRNAs and biological characteristics of pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis. Therefore, miRNAs are expected to become the new research targets of the mechanism of invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

DNA methyctransferase 1 and gynecological malignancies WANG Ling, JIN Ping 2014, 41 (6):  458-460.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2014.06.017 Abstract ( 496 )   Save DNMT1，the main member of the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family,  plays a core role  in maintaining and regulating tumor cell genomewide and the local area methylation. DNMT1 is highly expressed in gynecological malignancies, which leads to abnormal DNA methylation of genes, especially high methylation of tumor suppressor genes, gene expression silencing, and malignant cell growth. Related Articles | Metrics

JAK/STAT pathway and its role in acute leukemia ZHUANG Yan, LIU Li-Gen 2014, 41 (6):  460-463.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.06.021 Abstract ( 709 )   PDF (293KB) ( 1618 )   Save JAK/STAT pathway is a central signaling activated by cytokines binding with their relative receptors which can regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Recent studies have suggested that abnormal signaling pathway with gene mutation and dysregulation plays an important part in the pathogenesis and progression of acute leukemia. Increasing investigation of this pathway may provide novel target therapies. Related Articles | Metrics

MicroRNA and diffuse large Bcell lymphoma WANG Xin-Yuan, YANG Xi-Gui, JIANG Chao 2014, 41 (6):  463-466.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2014.06.019 Abstract ( 520 )   PDF (642KB) ( 1094 )   Save MicroRNA (miRNA) is a kind of naturally occurring short noncoding small molecular RNA, which regulates gene expression at the posttranscriptional level through its sequence complementation with target mRNAs. Researches have shown that different malignant tumors, including diffuse large B cell lymphoma, have specific miRNA expression profiles. Therefore, miRNAs expression level of specimens of body fluids and tissues is expected to be the new indicator for assessing diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Related Articles | Metrics

EML4ALK rearrangement in cancer tissue and serum of nonsmall cell lung cancer patients LI Li-Ze, YU Zhong-He 2014, 41 (6):  467-470.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2014.06.020 Abstract ( 551 )   PDF (633KB) ( 1417 )   Save ObjectiveTo observe EML4ALK fusion gene mutation expression rate in serum and cancer tissue of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Chinese populations, and the consistency of mutation in serum and cancer tissues, and the feasibility of realtime, dynamic detection of EML4ALK fusion gene therapy by using FQPCR.Methods123 cases of serum and 98 cases of tissue of NSCLC patients were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and 77 cases of which were matched. The clinical curative effects of ALK inhibitor (crizotinib) were analyzed.Results13 rearrangement in 123 (10.6%) of the patients′serum samples and 11 rearrangement in 98 (11.2%) tumor tissue. EML4ALK rearrangement were mainly discovered in adenocarcinoma (χ2=4.083, P=0.036)， and nonsmokers in NSCLC(χ2=5.326, P=0.019). The consistency of patients with EML4ALK matched tumor tissue and serum reached 66.7% (6/9, κ=0.779). The EML4ALK fusion gene rearrangement in patients receiving ALK inhibitor (crizotinib) treatment achieved significant benefit.  ConclusionThe EML4ALK rearrangement mainly exists in the serum and tumor tissue of adenocarcinoma and nonsmokers in NSCLC. When tumor tissue samples are unable to be obtained, FQPCR can be used to detect serum EML4ALK fusion gene mutation for selecting NSCLC patients suitable for crizotinib therapy instead of tumor tissue. Related Articles | Metrics

The research of antitumor activities in vitro of DCs loading antigen prouced by radiofrequency ablation of tumor combined with CIK cells DAN Chan-Chan, SHI Liang-Rong, DING Mei-Qian, ZHU Yi-Bei, XU Bin, JIANG Jing-Ting, WU Chang-Ping 2014, 41 (6):  471-475.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2014.06.021 Abstract ( 487 )   PDF (839KB) ( 1403 )   Save ObjectiveTo study the in vitro antitumor activity of dendritic cells (DCs) loading with antigen produced by radiofrequency ablation of tumor lysate in situ combined with cytokineinduced killer cells (CIK).MethodsCIK cells derived from BALB/C mouse spleen and DCs derived from bone marrow were prepared, and experimental model of murine colon carcinoma were established for radiofrequency ablation. The supernatant of tumor tissue in situ lysis after repeated freezing and thawing were tested by lowry protein quantitative statutory, amounting to a final concentration of 5 μg/ml, then load to the first 5 days of culture DCs (AgDC), 2 days later, cocultured with CIK cells after the first seven days of culture 48 h (AgDCCIK). Flow cytometry was used to analyze costimulatory molecules on the surface of the cells, and CCK8 assay to detect in vitro cytotoxic activity.ResultsThe DCs loading with antigen resulted in an increase in the proportion of CD86+CD11c+, MHCⅡ+CD11c+ and MHCⅡ+CD80+ cells .The main effector cells of CIK cells were CD3+ NK1.1+cells.The percentage of CD3+NK1.1+ cells was 1.45% on the first day of the culture；while when they had been cultured for 7 days, the percentage CD3+NK1.1+ significantly increased to 36.9%. The cytotoxicity of AgDCCIK cells toward C26 cells was much more efficient than that of DCCIK, CIK cells.The cytotoxic activity of the former was significantly lower than the latter and the same target ratio. When the ratios of effector cells to target cells were 5∶1, the cytotoxic activity of AgDCCIK cells against C26 cells was (74.9±3.5)%,; while the DCCIK was (71.2±2.1)% and the CIK cells was (68.7±2.9)%.The difference was statistically significant(F=7.007，P=0.007).When the ratios of effector cells to target cells were 10∶1, the cytotoxic activity of AgDCCIK cells against C26 cells was (82.3±4.5)%, while the DCCIK cells was (77.1±5.1)%, and the CIK cells was (72.7±2.8)%. The difference was statistically significant(F=7.727，P=0.005). When the ratios of effector cells to target cells were 20∶1, the cytotoxic activity of AgDCCIK cells against C26 cells was (83.2±1.9) %, while the DCCIK cells was (77.2±4.2)%, and the CIK cells was (73.0±2.6)%.The difference was statistically significant(F=16.594，P=0.000).ConclusionDCs loading with antigen produced by radiofrequency ablation of tumor in situ pyrolysis products can improve in vitro cytotoxic activity combined with CIK cells, which can provide a new comprehensive cancer treatment strategy. Related Articles | Metrics

A prospective clinical study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with nedaplatin for patients with middleadvanced stage uterine cervical carcinoma YE Wei-Jun, XU Min, CAO Xin-Ping, JIN Hua, LIU Hong-Ying 2014, 41 (6):  476-479.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2014.06.022 Abstract ( 503 )   PDF (634KB) ( 1416 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with nedaplatin versus cisplatin for patients with middleadvanced stage uterine cervical carcinoma.Methods180 patients with middleadvanced stage uterine cervical carcinoma were randomized into concurrent chemoradiotherapy with nedaplatin group (nedaplatin group) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin group (cisplatin group). The shortterm efficacy and the toxicity were observed.ResultsIn  the nedaplatin group , the shortterm response rate、the oneyear relapsefree surviva l、oneyea metastasisfree survival、the twoyear relapsefree survival、the twoyear metastasisfree survival  were 98.85%、 89.66、86.21%、85.06%和80.46% , But in the cisplatin group, the shortterm response rate、the oneyear relapsefree surviva l、oneyea metastasisfree survival、the twoyear relapsefree survival、the twoyear metastasisfree survival  were 97.60%（χ2=3.07，P＞0.05）、81.93%（χ2=3.07，P＞0.05）、83.13%（χ2=0.31，P＞0.05）、78.31%（χ2=1.30，P＞0.05）和80.72%（χ2=0.00，P＞0.05）, so there was no significant difference. The incidences of nausea and vomiting in the cisplatin group were 52.27% (grade Ⅰ～Ⅳ toxicities)，12.50% (grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ toxicities), which were higher than those in the nedaplatin group 27.27% (grade Ⅰ～Ⅳ toxicities)，6.82% (grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ toxicities)(P＜0.05), while there were no significant difference in the other toxicities such as anemia，granulocytopenia，thrombocytopenia，diarrhoea between the two groups (χ2=12.18,P＞0.05).ConclusionThe efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with  nedaplatin is the same as that of  concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin, and its toxicity is welltolerated. Related Articles | Metrics