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08 May 2014, Volume 41 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Roles of angiotensin Ⅱ receptors in tumor Ding Xiangli, Wang Haifeng, Yang Delin, et al 2014, 41 (5):  321-323.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.001 Abstract ( 589 )   PDF (786KB) ( 1468 )   Save Angiotensin (AngⅡ), a main effector peptide of the reninangiotensin system (RAS), mediates a hormonal action in the maintenance of blood pressure and electrolyte levels, and thus fluid homeostasis. Recent studies have implicated that it correlates with tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and it has drawn more and more attention. Many studies show that Ang ⅡAT1R/AT2R play crucial roles in tumor growth, metastasis, invasion and tumor angiogenesis, which are formed  new targets for treating malignant tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and chemotherapy drug resistance in cancer Jiang Penglei, Chang Bingmei 2014, 41 (5):  324-327.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.002 Abstract ( 751 )   PDF (717KB) ( 2201 )   Save PI3K-Akt signaling pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and is closely related to the physiological function of cells and thus may cause certain diseases. The excessive activation of this pathway is found closely associated with the formation of drug resistance of tumors.  Recent studies in vitro indicate that the combined chemotherapy drugs with PI3K-Akt signaling pathway inhibitors, can significantly enhance the efficiency of chemotherapy drug and lower the value of IC50. Therefore, PI3KAkt signaling pathway has become an important target to inhibit tumor cell growth and reverse tumor drug resistance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Molecular targeted therapy of tumor hypoxia Li Shanshan, Xing Ligang, Sun Xiaorong 2014, 41 (5):  327-331.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.003 Abstract ( 742 )   PDF (723KB) ( 1747 )   Save Hypoxia is an inherent feature of the majority of solid tumors, which can increase the resistance of tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, promote tumor angiogenesis and lead to poor prognosis. Therefore, targeting the hypoxic tumor cells has become a spot in cancer therapy. Bioreduction drugs can be activated by a specific reduction to become cytotoxic metabolites, thus killing hypoxic tumor cells, while small molecular targeting inhibitors can selectively act on the key point of hypoxia pathway. They have paved a new way for hypoxia targeted therapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Comprehensive geriatric assessment and its clinical impact in oncology Liu Xiaolin, Liang Jing 2014, 41 (5):  332-334.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.004 Abstract ( 441 )   PDF (706KB) ( 1276 )   Save With the aging of the population,management of cancer in the  elderly aged people represents a priority for health care. However, fewer evidencebased data are available to promote the treatment of these patients. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is developed recently as a multidisciplinary indepth evaluation to assess life expectancy and risk of morbidity from cancer in elderly patients, which is helpful for physicians to develop a coordinated plan for cancer treatment and to provide appropriate interventions to decrease the risk of morbidity and mortality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Epigenetics and nasopharyngeal carcinoma Shen Jianjun, Zhang Hongyan 2014, 41 (5):  335-337.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.005 Abstract ( 619 )   PDF (707KB) ( 1428 )   Save The etiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is still not very clear. Epigenetics is proved to play an important role in the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Detection of epigenetics can serve as molecular index of NPC, and it is advantageous to the prognosis and disease of NPC. Different intervention measures in the epigenetics can be used as a new treatment of NPC, as well as the development of new NPC radiotherapy sensitization agent and new drugs. Study of epigenetics changes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma provides a new idea for the diagnosis and treatment in NPC and so on. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Diagnosis and treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma Li Guangxin, Shu Xin, Li Gong, Gou Miaomiao 2014, 41 (5):  338-341.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.006 Abstract ( 686 )   PDF (713KB) ( 1285 )   Save Esthesioneuroblastoma is one of the most uncommon nasal malignancies which is characterized by low incidence and high misdiagnosis rate. The only prognosis factor is the metastasis on lymph node of neck. Its clinical symptoms are associated with tumor infiltrating extent. Pathological diagnosis is the “gold standard” on esthesioneuroblastoma, and the Kadish staging based on the image is the most important staging standard. The traditional operation therapy mode has been replaced by the combined method of operation and radiotherapy, with the adjunctive therapy of chemotherapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase and lung cancer Bin Liu, Lin Ziying, Yang Lawei, Liu Gang 2014, 41 (5):  341-344.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.007 Abstract ( 472 )   PDF (717KB) ( 1437 )   Save Dysfunction of the human 8oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) is closely related to development of lung neoplasms and other cancers. Polymorphisms in hOGG1 gene may alter glycosylase activity, thereby affect its repair capacity to the damaged DNA, contributing  to carcinogenesis. Joint effects of hOGG1 and other DNA repair gene SNPs  have showed complex genegene interactions may significantly contribute to people′s lung cancer susceptibility. HOGG1 plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial respiration thus affects tumor cell growth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Advances of the matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry in lung cancer Wang Zihe, Liu Xiaoqing 2014, 41 (5):  344-347.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.008 Abstract ( 541 )   PDF (715KB) ( 1564 )   Save Matrixassisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) is a kind of the latest mass spectrometry, which has many advantages including high throughput, rapidity, excellent repeatability and high sensitivity. It has been an important tool for both the research and clinical application in lung cancer and has an optimistic prospect in the many fields， such as early diagnosis, screening and evaluation of therapeutic effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 and digestive tumors Li Yi, Wei Zhi, Sun Ziqin, Liu Jie 2014, 41 (5):  348-350.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.009 Abstract ( 508 )   PDF (764KB) ( 1290 )   Save Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) is an important regulator of DNA replication, and plays an important role in replication initiation and elongation steps. Recent studies show that MCM7 is closely related with the formation and growth of digestive tumors. The detection of MCM7 protein can provide new ideas for the early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the digestive tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Progress of radiotherapy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma Guo Jianyang, Liu Xia, Liao Rui, Du Chengyou 2014, 41 (5):  350-353.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.010 Abstract ( 692 )   PDF (773KB) ( 1316 )   Save The rate of complete surgical resection is still low in hilar cholangiocarcinoma, which greatly affects the curative effect. Radiotherapy, one kind of treatment for tumors, has not been widely adopted in the past years. In recent years, with the development of radiotherapy technology, research of treating hilar cholangiocarcinoma through radiotherapy has become a spot. Many studies have shown that radiotherapy, as an adjuvant therapy for surgery and nonsurgical treatment, can be the major means for treatment, and it could bring benefit for patients′ survival extension and  improvement of life quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Basis of molecular pathology in colorectal carcinogenesis Jiang Weiguo, Huang Youguang 2014, 41 (5):  353-357.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.011 Abstract ( 638 )   PDF (724KB) ( 1717 )   Save Colorectal carcinogenesis is the result of accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alters. Gene mutations and changes in DNA methylation patterns, resulted from genomic instability, are the main molecular events in colorectal cancer. Identification of key mutations and methylation phenotypes in genes leading to colorectal cancer progression, and molecular pathology classification and diagnosis are likely to be the prerequisites for individualized and targeted treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Acquired resistance to anti-EGFR antibodies in metastatic colorectal cancer Li Minmin, Bi Xiang, Wang Zhehai 2014, 41 (5):  357-360.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.012 Abstract ( 453 )   PDF (716KB) ( 1508 )   Save The combination of chemotherapy with antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibodies such as cetuximab and panitumumab which prolong the survival time in the past few years have been  widely adopted for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. However, a large number of patients develop resistance to these agents, while there is no standard treatment after acquired resistance yet. Therefore, finding out the mechanisms of acquired drug resistance and putting forward reasonable methods to overcome the acquired resistance will be improve its curative effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The value of C-reactive protein in the evaluation of the prognosis of renal cancer Jiang Guangliang, Hu Qingfeng, Xu Ke 2014, 41 (5):  361-363.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.013 Abstract ( 732 )   PDF (707KB) ( 1419 )   Save ncreasing evidence has proved that inflammation plays an extremely important role in tumorigenesis. As the most representative biomarker for inflammation, Creactive protein (CRP) has been considered to be critically associated with the prognosis of a variety of malignant tumors, like renal cancer.Numerous studies have shown that CRP is a significant prognostic factor for renal cancer patients treated with surgery, cytokine therapy or moleculartargeted therapy, and CRP has been incorporated into some prognostic algorithms for renal cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Progress on serum tumor biomarkers of endometrial carcinoma Chen Ruifang, Lu Xin 2014, 41 (5):  364-367.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.014 Abstract ( 790 )   PDF (713KB) ( 1479 )   Save Serum tumor biomarkers are significant for the early diagnosis and treatment, preoperative evaluation, prognosis prediction and relapse surveillance of endometrial carcinoma. Recently, serum CA125 and human epididymal secretory protein 4 are widely recognized  as closely related with staging, metastasis and prognosis of endometrial cancer. In addition, the serum miRNAs are characterized by their features of high stability and specificity.  Omics studies will be helpful for the general assessment of the initiation and progression of endometrial cancer. Insights into these two aspects will facilitate the identifications of new biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity for endometrial carcinoma. References | Related Articles | Metrics

cAMP signaling pathway and multiple myeloma Wang Yingying, Zhu Qi 2014, 41 (5):  368-370.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.015 Abstract ( 770 )   PDF (707KB) ( 1730 )   Save The clonal proliferations of multiple myeloma cells consist of several signaling pathways. It has been shown that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, an important intracellular messenger delivery system, is related to abnormal proliferation and apoptosis of malignant lymphoid cells including myeloma cells. Manipulating the cAMP signaling pathway could induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of various malignant lymphoid cells including myeloma cells, which involve mitochondrialdependent apoptosis and cAMPmodulated changes of intracellular mediators. Indepth researches and analysis of cAMPinduced apoptosis in myeloma cells would provide potential targets and possible therapeutic means in the treatment of multiple myeloma. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Induction of apoptosis by osthole in HL-60 cells and the molecular mechanism research Wang Yan, Jiang Guosheng, Ren Xia, Huang Ning, Bi Kehong 2014, 41 (5):  371-375.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.016 Abstract ( 486 )   PDF (1844KB) ( 1460 )   Save Objective To detect the effect of osthole on proliferation and apoptosis of HL-60 cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods HL-60 cells proliferation was measured through the CCK8 assay method. The cell morphological changes were observed by Hoechst33342 staining after 8 h of drug effect. Induction of apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. Expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA were evaluated by RT-PCR, and the expressions of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Fas and FasL were evaluated  by using western bolt assay. Results Osthole could inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells, the maximum inhibiting rate was （90.7±4.5）%， F=138.46, P=0.000; the apoptosis rate was 33.6%， F=27.75, P=0.006. The changes of apoptosis of cells and nucleus were shown in cell morphological observation. Osthole affected the decrease of the mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and the increase of the Bax mRNA levels via a dosedependent manner（F=210.12, P=0.000）. Western blotting demonstrated that osthole could lead to the increase of the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Fas and FasL in the HL-60 cell line via a timedependent manner. Conclusion Data suggests that osthole inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of HL-60 cells through mitochondriadependent pathway and deathreceptor pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of galectin3 on proliferation and migration of esophageal cancer Eca109 cells Liang Ning, Xie Jian, Qiao Lili, Zhang Jiandong 2014, 41 (5):  375-379.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.017 Abstract ( 429 )   PDF (1914KB) ( 1434 )   Save Objective To investigate galectin3 on proliferation and migration of esophageal cancer Eca109 cells. Methods A lentiviral vector for overexpression of RNA targeting galectin3 was designed to transfect Eca109 cancer cells following plasmidmediated transfection manual (Eca109/Gal3 cells). Inverted fluorescence microscope was used to observe the expression of EGFP. The proliferation of Eca109 cells was measured by cell counting Kit8 assay. Eca109 cells apoptosis was determined by AnnexinV/7AAD doublestaining. The migration capacity of Eca109 cells was determined in transwell assays. Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of galectin3 protein. ResultsGalectin3 expression was detected in Eca109 cells, with the Galectin3 expression in Eca109/Gal3 cells much more than nontransfected cells (t=14.33， P＜0.05； t=10.28, P=0.037). Compared with nontransfected Eca109 cells, proliferation increased significantly in Eca109/Gal3 cells (t=-17.277， P＜0.05； t=-13.4， P＜0.05). Galectin3 evidently decreased in Eca109 cell apoptosis (t=3.053， P＜0.05; t=5.446, P＜0.05). Transwell migration assay showed that a greater number of Eca109/Gal3 cells crossed the artificial basement membrane compared with nontransfected Eca109 cells and negative control Eca109 cells (t=3.465, P＜0.05; t=3.252, P＜0.05). Conclusion Galectin3 expression is detected in transfected esophageal cancer Eca109 cells, whose overexpression can result in enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion as well as reduced apoptosis. These data indicate that indepth research of galectin3 may prove to be a potential molecular target for the treatment of esophageal cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Preliminary study on the relationship between thrombocytosis and gastric cancer Qian Wenchuan, Wang Fan 2014, 41 (5):  380-382.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.018 Abstract ( 827 )   PDF (1120KB) ( 1609 )   Save Objective To explore the relationship between thrombocytosis and gastric cancer at the points of clinicopathological stage and prognosis. Methods The clinical data of 156 gastric cancer patients from January 2005 to  January 2007 were retrospectively analyzed, and the status of patients was obtained through telephone calls. The frequency of patients with thrombocytosis in different clinicopathological stages was analyzed, and comparison of survival time  was made between normal PLT groups and thrombocytosis groups. Results 20.5% patients with gastric cancer were accompanied with thrombocytosis in 156 cases,  and the frequency of  patients with thrombocytosis in Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ stage were 4.8%, 21.7%, 24.4%, 30.4%,  and the difference was statistically significante (χ2=8.768, P=0.003). Patients with thrombocytosis had a shorter survival time than those with normal platelet counts (one year survival rate： 59.4% vs 81.5%, χ2=6.984, P=0.008; three years survival rate： 34.4% vs 63.7%, χ2=8.968, P=0.003). Conclusion In gastric cancer, thrombocytosis is associated with TNM stage．The gastric cancer patients with thrombocytosis have poorer prognosis than those without thrombocytosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Polymorphism of SMAD7 and susceptibility to nonsmall cell lung cancer Fu Ping, Wang Fuxia, Cui Lixian, Cui Bin, Liu Jie 2014, 41 (5):  383-386.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2014.05.019 Abstract ( 673 )   PDF (717KB) ( 1412 )   Save Objective To explore the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs12953717) of SMAD7 and susceptibility of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Chinese Han population. MethodsA single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs12953717) from SMAD7 was detected via Sequenom system in 528 NSCLC cases and 762 healthy controls. Data was statistically analyzed by unconditional Logistic regression method. Resultsrs12953717 had significant differences between nonsmall cell lung cancer patients and the controls. Compared with CC/TT (CC combined with TT) genotype, the adjusted odds ratio for the CT genotype was 4.107 (95%CI：3.206~5.260, P=0.000 1). Smokers had a 2.004 odds ratio (95%CI=1.583~2.537, P=0.000 1) of NSCLC compared with the controls. There was a 10.074fold increased risk of NSCLC among the subjects with CT genotype and smokers. Conclusion The polymorphism of rs12953717 may have relation with risk of NSCLC. Heterozygote (CT) is a susceptibility genotype of NSCLC. Smoking is one of the risk factors of NSCLC. Smoking and CT genotype have synergistic effects on NSCLC susceptibility. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of 5-aza-2′deoxycitydine on expression of RASSF1A gene in human ovarian cancer cell line Xu Huaping, Wei Lingxia, Dong Yanlei, Zhang Shiqian 2014, 41 (5):  386-389.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.020 Abstract ( 403 )   PDF (856KB) ( 1207 )   Save Objective To investigate the effect of 5-aza-2′deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) on proliferation and expression of RASSF1A gene in human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and 3AO. MethodsSKOV3 and 3AO cells were treated with different concentrations (0.5, 5, 50 μmol/L) of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-CdR. RT-PCR and Western Blot were adopted to detect expression of mRNA and protein of RASSF1A gene before and after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR respectively. ResultsCompared with control group, when the 5-Aza-CdR concentration was 0.5, 5, 50 μmol/L after drug treatment, human ovarian cancer cells could significantly inhibit tumor cell growth; SKOV3 and 3AO cells in control group were observed weaker expression of RASSF1A mRNA. After treated with 5-Aza-CdR, the expressions of RASSF1A mRNA were observed  increased  with the increase of the drug concentration. After treated with different concentration of 5-Aza-CdR, the expressions of RASSF1A mRNA treated with 0.5 μmol/L 5-Aza-cdR was lower than those treated with 5 and 50 μmol/L 5-Aza-cdR (t=-8.866, P=0.01; t=-12.256, P=0.000). However, expressions of RASSF1A mRNA treated with 5 and 50 μmol/L 5-Aza-cdR respectively showed no statistical significance (t=0.431, P =0.689). Expressions of RASSF1A protein treated with 0.5 μmol/L 5-Aza-cdR and 5 μmol/L 5-Aza-cdR didn′t show statistically significant (t=-1.586, P=0.188). ConclusionExpressions of RASSF1A mRNA and protein in SKOV3 and 3AO cells were evidently enhanced. As one kind of methyltransferases inhibitors, 5-Aza-CdR can inhibit ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3, 3AO growth through the RASSF1A promoter methylation, and thus promote their apoptosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Efficacy and safety observation of recombinant human interleukin-11 in treatment of thrombocytopenia induced by chemoradiotherapy Zhu Yajie, Su Xiaomei, Liu Zhen, Cheng Peng, Chen Tao, Zhang Tao 2014, 41 (5):  390-393.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.021 Abstract ( 521 )   PDF (719KB) ( 1470 )   Save Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of recombinant human interleukin-11 (mIL-11) in the treatment of thrombocytopenia induced by chemoradiotherapy in patients with solid tumor. Methods Solid tumor patients whose PLT count was lower than 50×109/L from December 2010 to December 2012 in PLA general hospital of Chengdu Commond were studied. They were divided into two groups randomly. The observed group was given subcutaneous injection of recombinant human interleukin-11(Ⅰ) at the dose of 25 g·kg-1·d-1, until the PLT rising subsolute value was more than 50×109/L. The control group was given usual treatment. The vital signs, hepatorenal function, coagulation function and cardiopulmonary function of the patients were recorded during the whole process of treatment. Results The patients after chemotherapy had the platelet lowest average of (27.4±7.6)×109/L, and the average of the control group was (28.1±7.9)×109/L. The difference was not statistically significant (t=1.083, P>0.05), but treatment after the observation of elevated had the platelet highest average of (116.3±22.8)×109/L, which was significantly higher than that of (76.2±21.3)×109/L; the difference was significant (t=21.092, P<0.05). Platelets of patients in the observation group were <50×109/L for several days with an average of (4.3±1.7) d, while platelets rose from the lowest value of the average absolute value greater than 50 000 hours (6.8±2.4) d, shorter than the control group. By comparing the two groups, the differences were significant (t=11.347, P<0.05; t=15.196, P<0.05). Two groups of patients can tolerate adverse reactions. Ⅲ, Ⅳ degree of adverse reaction was not observed.  Conclusion This study shows that rhIL-11 is well tolerated and has thrombopoietic activity in the treatment of thrombocytopenia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Gene Expression Omnibus in oncology Dong Xiaomeng, Wang Yiqiang 2014, 41 (5):  398-400.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.05.024 Abstract ( 509 )   PDF (706KB) ( 1866 )   Save Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)can act as an international public resource platform storing and sharing experimental data generated from highthroughout research projects that utilize genomewide expression strategies like microarray screening and analysis. Numerous data involving inflammatory carcinoma models is helpful for dissecting the regulatory network and molecular mechanism of oncogenesis, thus offering favorable clues for new thoughts in prevention and treatment of cancers. GEO originated from various disease models or processed experiments also provides researchers with powerful evidence for tracing functions of novel predictive genes. References | Related Articles | Metrics