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29 August 2012, Volume 39 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Copy number variations of DNA and neoplasms XIA Yi-Fang, PAN Ji-Hong, CHANG Xiao-Tian 2012, 39 (8):  563-566.  Abstract ( 1497 )   PDF (1178KB) ( 3196 )   Save The DNA copynumber variant  (CNV) is a kind of segments of DNA ranging from 1 kb to 3 Mb that is present in a variable number of copies. CNVs widely distribute across the human genome, and dramatically increases genetic diversity. In recent years，researches have found that most CNVs are closely related to complex diseases. If a cancer gene is directly encompassed or overlapped by a CNV, it may lead to activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and finally results in tumorigenesis. CNVs can affect gene expression, phenotype differences and phenotypic adaptations by changing gene dosages and gene activities，and then sequentially lead to tumor or any other genetic dieases. Investigating CNVs is apparently helpful for studing chromosome recombination, genomic evolution, gene expression and the pathogenesis of multiple complex diseases especially tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

MicroRNA-related pathways and tumorigenesis and tumor development LI Jun, LU Xin 2012, 39 (8):  566-569.  Abstract ( 713 )   PDF (1104KB) ( 1806 )   Save Aberrant microRNA(miRNA) expression has been found in most of human cancers. miRNA-related regulation pathways, including the interaction between miRNA and proteincoding gene and the interaction between miRNA and lncRNA, have been shown correlated with the initiation and progression of human cancers. miRNA might be a therapeutic target in the treatment of malignancies. Related Articles | Metrics

Nuclear factor-kappa B in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer ZHENG Li-Ping, LI Zhi-Hua, CHEN Ru-Fu 2012, 39 (8):  570-572.  Abstract ( 716 )   PDF (978KB) ( 2009 )   Save Nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) is a key regulator in epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT) of cancer cells. EMT of cancer, one of the reasons of drug resistance, enhances the infiltration and distant metastases ability of cancer cells. Recent researches show that Snail, Slug, Twist and Zeb play important roles in regulating EMT of cancer cells. Drugs and targeted therapies that inhibit NFκB activities can reverse the EMT of cancer cells. NFκB may become an effective therapeutic target in cancers in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

Thyroid hormone and tumor angiogenesis HU Yang-Zhi, PAN Yun-Long, ZHAO Xiao-Xu, QIN Li, DING Hui 2012, 39 (8):  573-575.  Abstract ( 729 )   PDF (977KB) ( 1740 )   Save Thyroid hormone is an important hormone for regulating cell differentiation, growth and metabolism. Many studies have shown that thyroid hormone can induce turmor angiogenesis after binding with the integrin ανβ3 receptor at cell surface. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid is the analogue of thyroid hormone, and can inhibit tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting the binding of thyroid hormone with integrin ανβ3. Studying the role of thyroid hormone in promoting tumor angiogenesis may provide a new approach for molecular targeted therapy of tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and tumor therapy LI Xin, YANG Zuo-Cheng- 2012, 39 (8):  576-579.  Abstract ( 1038 )   PDF (1105KB) ( 2103 )   Save Mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR） inhibitors have the antitumor effect, which have been known early. The traditional mTOR inhibitors include rapamycin and its derivatives, which have been applied in clinical use early. Nowadays, some new small molecule inhibitors such as the PI3K/mTOR duel inhibitor, Torin1, one after another are found to play a unique role in the tumor therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

Plant extract anti-cancer research progress ZHANG Jian-Bin, CHEN Chen, TAO Ze-Zhang 2012, 39 (8):  579-584.  Abstract ( 724 )   PDF (1383KB) ( 1857 )   Save Plant extracts are kinds of important anticancer drugs. Anticancer drugs research has focused on several important plant extracts such as resveratrol, ricin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, oridonin, juglone,quercetin, matrine, nordihydroguaiaretic acid. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that their antitumor mechanisms including induction of apoptosis, cytotoxicity, induced redifferentiation, antiangiogesis, antiinvasion and antimetastasis. Plant extracts have multilink and multitarget. Part of them have been used in preclinical studies. Indepth study of the antitumor mechanisms of plant extracts on cancer treatment is important, and the full mechanism needs further study. Related Articles | Metrics

Antineoplastic agents-induced pulmonary toxicity DENG Ling-Hui, TAO Min 2012, 39 (8):  584-587.  Abstract ( 815 )   PDF (1099KB) ( 1578 )   Save Antineoplastic agentsinduced pulmonary toxicity is one of important reasons causing respiratory failure, which clinical manifestations are pulmonary inflammation, allergic reaction, vascular permeability reaction and pulmonary vascular disease. All of these may be caused by drug toxicity, immune response and increased capillary permeability and so on. Because of the nonspecific performance, it is important to exclude the other lung diseases. Once the diagnosis is clear, the antineoplastic agents should be immediately stopped and the patients should be timely administered highdose corticosteroid therapy. How to reduce the pulmonary toxicity induced by antineoplastic agents is becoming one of the future focuses about antineoplastic agents research.  Related Articles | Metrics

Molecular mechanism of flavonoids for preventing radiationinduced lung injury CHENG Jian, KONG Ling-Ling, LI Hong-Jun, LI Bao-Sheng 2012, 39 (8):  588-590.  Abstract ( 707 )   PDF (978KB) ( 1668 )   Save Radiation-induced lung injury is a common complication of thoracic cancer radiotherapy. A lot of animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that ionizing radiationinduced lung injury is a complex process regulated by a variety of cytokines. The transcription factors including nuclear factor κB, MAPK and activator protein-1 are involved in radiation-induced lung injury by regulating the synthesis of a variety of inflammatory proteins. The flavonoids play a role in radiological protection by blocking the pathway of nuclear factor κB and activator protein-1. Related Articles | Metrics

P2X7 receptors in the genesis and development of breast cancer TAN Chao, HAN Li 2012, 39 (8):  591-593.  Abstract ( 737 )   PDF (977KB) ( 1952 )   Save P2X7 receptors, belonging to purinergic P2 receptor family, are ATPgated cation channels, which can choose the bivalent cations freely. P2X7 receptors join in cell signal conduction and the excretion of the cytokines and other physical functions. In recent years, researchers have discovered P2X7 receptors mediate the cells to live and grow by increasing oxidation and phosphorylation and intracellular ATP reserve. In breast cancer, the P2X7 receptors express abnormally, and can activate the MAPK lied in cytoplasm. The phosphorylated MAPK enter the nucleus and activates a series of protein kinases, and then affects the genesis and development of breast cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Inhibition mechanism of vitamin D in lung cancer KANG Xiao-Zheng, CHEN Ke-Neng 2012, 39 (8):  594-597.  Abstract ( 1065 )   PDF (1110KB) ( 1791 )   Save In recent years a large number of studies have been conducted to investigate the role of vitamin D and its metabolites in cancer. However, the picture for lung cancer is not clear at the present time. There are three integral components of the vitamin D pathway: the vitamin D receptor(VDR), CYP27B1 and CYP24A1. Besides, vitamin D inhibits the carcinogenesis of lung by indirectly influencing IGF signaling, TGF-β signaling, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Their differential expressions in normal lung tissue and lung cancer offer clues and lay the foundation for research of the inhibitory function in lung cancer pathogenesis. Related Articles | Metrics

PET-CT in the diagnosis of lung cancer with bone metastasis SUN Xiu-Juan, WANG Huo-Qiang 2012, 39 (8):  598-600.  Abstract ( 864 )   PDF (977KB) ( 1901 )   Save Positron emission tomography(PET)/CT plays an important role in the diagnosis of bone metastasis from lung cancer, and can reflect the pathophysiological and morphological changes in lesion of bone metastasis. The sensitivity, specificity and the overall accuracy of PET-CT for the diagnosis of bone metastasis in patients with lung cancer are higher than those of routine methods such as X-ray, CT scan, MRI and SPECT/CT.  Related Articles | Metrics

EGFR-TKI in non-small cell lung cancer treatment ZHENG Wei-Hui, MAO Wei-Min 2012, 39 (8):  601-604.  Abstract ( 761 )   PDF (1109KB) ( 1663 )   Save The epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor（EGFR-TKI） is a kind of high-efficiency and low-toxicity tumor molecular targeted drugs. It becomes a research hotspot in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment because of its unique curative effect and well tolerance. EGFR-TKI is mainly applied to the second and third line treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC or first line treatment of EGFR mutation patients. With the development of research, the indications of EGFR-TKI expand unceasingly. The preoperative neoadjuvant therapy is likely to become a new kind of treatment mode. Related Articles | Metrics

Complications in thoracic radiotherapy ZHANG Ying-Meng, CHEN Long-Hua, WANG Hong-Mei 2012, 39 (8):  605-609.  Abstract ( 757 )   PDF (1232KB) ( 1789 )   Save The target organs of the most common complications in thoracic radiotherapy mainly contain esophagus, lung and cardiovascular system. Studies of influences such as the related physical dose factors and combined chemotherapy and so on, susceptible biomarks, protective factors, become the study focus, which provide the light for clinical prevention and therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

Androgen receptor and hepatocellular carcinoma TIAN Ye, TAN Guang 2012, 39 (8):  609-612.  Abstract ( 998 )   PDF (1102KB) ( 1730 )   Save Androgen receptors appear to play a significant role in the hepatocarcinogenesis. Androgen receptors are found to be expressed in liver tumor, and the overexpression of androgen receptor is associated with poor prognosis. Recent researches have indicated that androgen receptors regulate various cellular events in liver carcinogenesis through various ways, and androgen receptor could be a potential cancer therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. Related Articles | Metrics

Therapy for moderate and advanced liver carcinoma MA Kun, LIANG Ding 2012, 39 (8):  612-615.  Abstract ( 778 )   PDF (1105KB) ( 1874 )   Save Due to the latent and highly invasive characteristics of liver carcinoma, a  majority of patients are frequently not diagnosed until moderate or advanced stage in the disease process, and usually complicate with cirrhosis. Only 15%30% of the patients are eligible for radical resection. The overall survival time is about 34 months.Therefore, on the basis of early diagnosis and treatment of liver carcinoma, how to improve the treatment effect of the moderate and advanced liver carcinoma, ameliorate the quality of life and prolong the survival time, becomes the focuses and difficulties both at home and abroad. Related Articles | Metrics

Sorafenib combined with radiotherapy for primary hepatic carcinoma LI Guang-Xin, ZHANG Jian-Zhong, LI Gong 2012, 39 (8):  615-618.  Abstract ( 736 )   PDF (1104KB) ( 1985 )   Save Conformal radiotherapy is an important therapeutic strategy for primary hepatic carcinoma, which has high local control rate. However, the frequency of intra- and extra-epatic recurrences is very high. Sorafenib is the only drug that has been demonstrated effectiveness to increase overall survival in advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. The combination about radiotherapy and sorafenib can increase the radiosensitiveness，and inhibit the angiogenesis，and relieve the hypoxia, as well as synchronize the cell cycle. A lot of biological studies of sorafenib combined with radiotherapy have been carried out, and the phase Ⅰ-Ⅱclinical trials are is in progress. Related Articles | Metrics

Laparoscopic surgery in gynecological malignant tumors LI Min, LING Bin 2012, 39 (8):  618-621.  Abstract ( 702 )   PDF (1127KB) ( 1460 )   Save Laparoscopic surgery is widely used in the treatment of gynecological malignancies，including the radical surgery or staging surgery of early cervical cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Its feasibility and safety of clinical practice in gynecologic malignancies has been approved, and the postoperative followup results indicate that the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery is similar to open surgery.But the laparoscopic surgery treatment of gynecological malignancies is still in dispute. The research will focus on the affects of pneumoperitoneum to the malignant behavior of tumor cells and the mechanism about implantation metastasis of puncture site in future. Related Articles | Metrics

Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cervical cancer XIA Yi, LI Yun-Hai, ZHAO Sen 2012, 39 (8):  622-625.  Abstract ( 820 )   PDF (1108KB) ( 1926 )   Save Local recurrence is more frequent in postoperative cervical cancer patients with high-risk factors. It is confirmed that adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy (RT) for the cervical cancer patients after surgery with high-risk factors can improve local control but can′t improve the overall survival. Researches show that concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) can improve survival rates compared with radiotherapy, but the adverse effects such as leucopenia and gastrointestinal toxicity are observed frequently. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been developed to deliver a high radiation dose to an irregular target volume, with relative sparing of adjacent normal tissues. IMRT has excellent local tumor control and overall survival. Related Articles | Metrics

Dickkopf-1 and bone metastases QIAO Hua, YOU Li-Na, FAN Gu-Hong 2012, 39 (8):  626-628.  Abstract ( 792 )   PDF (976KB) ( 1589 )   Save Recent studies show that the abnormalities of dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) are closely related to the bone metastasis and therapeutic effect of breast cancer, prostatic carcinoma, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma and non-small cell lung cancer. Clinical researches of large sample on the relationships between serum DKK-1 concentration and malignant tumors bone metastases have important clinical significance for evaluating the value of DKK-1 as a clinical biological biomarker of bone metastases and understanding the tumor mechanisms of bone metastases .  Related Articles | Metrics

First-line management of diffuse large B cell lymphoma LI Cong-Cong, YANG Xi-Gui, JIANG Chao 2012, 39 (8):  628-632.  Abstract ( 846 )   PDF (1237KB) ( 1651 )   Save Short course chemotherapy combined with local field radiotherapy (IFRT) is an important treatment for limitedstage (Ⅰ-Ⅱ) diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients, but the value of radiotherapy has been disputed. Some patients may be cured by combined chemotherapy which contains anthracycline, but there are some patients still facing death. Therefore, researchers try to improve survival of patients further by increasing the density or intensity of the chemotherapy dose, but attempt to reduce the dose or the use of low toxicity drugs for elderly patients. In addition, researches such as radioimmunotherapy and biological targeted therapy have made certain progress. Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of arsenic trioxide on intracelluar SOCS-1 gene methylation and P-STAT3 expression in multiple myeloma cells WANG Ming-Ming, HU Jun-Pei, ZOU Li-Fang, DOU Hong-Ju, YAO Yi-Yun, ZHU Qi 2012, 39 (8):  633-636.  Abstract ( 738 )   PDF (1460KB) ( 1482 )   Save Objective To investigate the effects of arsenic trioxide (AS2O3) on SOCS-1 gene methylation and expression of P-STAT3 in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Methods MM cell lines U266 and CZ-1 were used as in vitro models. Methylation status of SOCS-1 gene was detected by the methylation specific PCR（MSP）while P-STAT3 protein expression was determined by Western blotting assay before and after AS2O3 treatment. Meanwhile growth inhibition and apoptosis of MM cells were determined by flow cytometry. Results Hypermethylation of SOCS-1 gene was observed in each MM cell line compared with wide type．After exposure to AS2O3, it was shown that SOCS1 gene was demethylated obviously, meanwhile the expression level of P-STAT3 protein and cell proliferation was inhibited significantly in each cell line. The apoptosis rate was increased. When U266 and CZ-1 were treated with AS2O3 of  0,0.5,1.0,2.0 μmol/L respectively, the total cell apoptosisis ratio of U266 was 0.06%,0.56%,48.96%,61.07%(χ2=9.19, P<0.05); and the total cell apoptosisis ratio of CZ-1 was 4.2%,,40.3%,,47.72%,,68.49%(χ2=8.96, P<0.05). Conclusion AS2O3could inhibit JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway by inducing SOCS-1 gene demethylation in MM cells which might be related to cell apoptosis. Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical observation of improved late course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma SUN Ming-Ping, WANG Dong-Qing, LI Bao-Sheng, SUN Hong-Fu, WEI Yu-Mei, WANG Zhong-Tang 2012, 39 (8):  637-640.  Abstract ( 677 )   PDF (1198KB) ( 1535 )   Save Objective To assess the efficacy and the adverse effects of improved late course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy (LCAHRT) combined with cisplatinbased chemotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods 68 Patients with pathologically confirmed ESCC were enrolled. Conventional fractionation was implemented to 40 Gy/20 fractions, followed by LCAHRT delivered 2 fractions of 1.4 Gy with an interval of 6-8 hours per day to 14 fractions, thus the total dose was 59.6 Gy. Two cycles of cisplatinbased chemotherapy were administered concurrently, followed by two more cycles. The shortterm efficacy of treatment, overall survival for 1, 3, 5year, and treatmentrelated toxicity were evaluated. Results All patients successfully completed LCAHRT and the overall response rate was 91.6% (62/68). The overall survival rate of 1, 3, and 5year was 75.5%, 46.5%, 22.7%, respectively. The incidence of radiation esophagitis (grade 3 or greater) was 26.4%, and no patients developed grade 3 or worse radiation pneumonitis. The radiationinduced skin injury were most of grade 0 or 1. Grade 3 of leucopenia and neutropenia were observed in 29.4% and 7.4% of patients, respectively, and grade 4 were both in 2.9%. During longterm followup, no esophageal stenosis and severe pulmonary fibrosis was developed except for two cases(2.9%) of esophageal mediastinal fistula. Conclusion Late course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy yields promising longterm survival, with lower treatmentrelated toxicity for patients of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Related Articles | Metrics