Abstract: Antineoplastic agentsinduced pulmonary toxicity is one of important reasons causing respiratory failure, which clinical manifestations are pulmonary inflammation, allergic reaction, vascular permeability reaction and pulmonary vascular disease. All of these may be caused by drug toxicity, immune response and increased capillary permeability and so on. Because of the nonspecific performance, it is important to exclude the other lung diseases. Once the diagnosis is clear, the antineoplastic agents should be immediately stopped and the patients should be timely administered highdose corticosteroid therapy. How to reduce the pulmonary toxicity induced by antineoplastic agents is becoming one of the future focuses about antineoplastic agents research. 

Key words: Drug toxicity, Antineoplastic agents, Lung diseases, interstitial, Lung