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Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (1): 1-15.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20251228-00001 Abstract （612）   HTML （35）    PDF（pc） （3271KB）（298）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of lncRNA CASC19 on proliferation，migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by regulating miR-410-3p/LAMC1 signaling pathway Li Yao, Tian Lin, Liu Haolin, Xiao Jing Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (3): 129-136.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250530-00021 Abstract （435）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （2163KB）（54）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the effects of long non-coding RNA （lncRNA） cancer susceptibility candidate 19 （CASC19） on the proliferation，migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by regulating the microRNA-410-3p （miR-410-3p）/laminin γ1 （LAMC1） signaling pathway. Methods A total of 53 pairs of breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of patients treated at Shiyan Renmin Hospital of Hubei Province from January 2023 to January 2024 were collected. The breast cancer MCF-7 cells were divided into the NC group，the sh-NC group，the sh-CASC19 group，the sh-CASC19+anti-NC group，and the sh-CASC19+anti-miR-410-3p group. The interaction between CASC19 and miR-410-3p，and between miR-410-3p and LAMC1 were verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The expression levels of CASC19，miR-410-3p and LAMC1 mRNA of MCF-7 cells in breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues and in each group were detected by quantitative real-time PCR，cell proliferation was measured by EdU staining and CCK-8 assay，cell migration ability was evaluated by scratch assay，cell invasion ability was determined by Transwell assay，Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA），LAMC1，and matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2） proteins. Results The relative expression levels of CASC19 in adjacent tissues and breast cancer tissues were 1.01±0.30 and 1.65±0.31，respectively，miR-410-3p were 0.99±0.17 and 0.53±0.15，respectively，and LAMC1 were 1.00±0.29 and 1.48±0.31，respectively，with statistically significant differences （t=37.92，P<0.001； t=37.87，P<0.001； t=21.24，P<0.001）. The results of the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that，CASC19 could target and negatively regulate miR-410-3p，and miR-410-3p could target and negatively regulate LAMC1. The relative expression levels of CASC19 in breast cancer MCF-7 cells from the NC，sh-NC，sh-CASC19，sh-CASC19+anti-NC，and sh-CASC19+anti-miR-410-3p groups were 1.01±0.16，0.96±0.16，0.37±0.13，0.34±0.11，0.35±0.11，respectively，miR-410-3p were 1.00±0.33，1.07±0.34，1.92±0.38，1.88±0.39，1.34±0.37，respectively，and LAMC1 mRNA were 1.00±0.17，1.05±0.17，0.44±0.13，0.41±0.13，0.89±0.15，respectively，with statistically significant differences （F=39.05，P<0.001； F=8.72，P<0.001； F=25.21，P<0.001）. Compared with the NC and sh-NC groups，the expression of CASC19 in the sh-CASC19，sh-CASC19+anti-NC，and sh-CASC19+anti-miR-410-3p groups decreased significantly （all P<0.05），the expression of miR-410-3p in sh-CASC19 group and sh-CASC19+anti-NC group increased significantly，while the expression of LAMC1 mRNA decreased significantly （all P<0.05）. Compared with the sh-CASC19 and sh-CASC19+anti-NC groups，the expression of miR-410-3p in the sh-CASC19+anti-miR-410-3p group decreased significantly，while the expression of LAMC1 increased significantly （all P<0.05）. The EdU-positive cell rates in the five groups were （45.93±5.04）%，（46.07±5.13）%，（19.26±3.25）%，（20.43±3.36）%，（37.85±4.86）%，respectively，the cell viability values were （100.00±0.00）%，（97.26±9.87）%，（46.27±7.12）%，（47.23±7.08）%，and （86.39±9.05）%，respectively，with statistically significant differences （F=54.34，P<0.001； F=76.76，P<0.001）. The scratch healing rates were （47.85±4.90）%，（48.03±4.87）%，（23.97±3.51）%，（23.42±3.26）%，and （39.54±4.12）%，respectively，the numbers of invasion were 114.62±10.98，113.78±11.87，64.53±9.41，65.14±9.04，97.86±10.27，respectively，with statistically significant differences （F=51.26，P<0.001； F=34.81，P<0.001）. The protein expression levels of PCNA were 1.14±0.14，1.17±0.15，0.34±0.10，0.36±0.11，0.93±0.13，respectively，LAMC1 were 1.37±0.15，1.32±0.14，0.59±0.09，0.61±0.09，and 1.18±0.12，respectively，MMP-2 were 0.93±0.13，0.88±0.10，0.23±0.07，0.25±0.08，0.76±0.10，respectively，with statistically significant differences （F=62.32，P<0.001； F=58.94，P<0.001； F=73.41，P<0.001）. Compared with the NC and sh-NC groups，the EdU-positive cell rate，cell viability value，scratch healing rate，number of invasion，and protein expression levels of PCNA，LAMC1，and MMP-2 in the sh-CASC19 and sh-CASC19+anti-NC groups decreased significantly （all P<0.05）. Compared with the sh-CASC19 and sh-CASC19+anti-NC groups，these indices in the sh-CASC19+anti-miR-410-3p group increased significantly （all P<0.05）. Conclusions lncRNA CASC19 may promote the proliferation，migration，and invasion of breast cancer cells by regulating the miR-410-3p/LAMC1 signaling pathway. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of the "2025 Korean Thyroid Association clinical management guideline on active surveillance for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma" Wang Xingyue, Liu Qinjiang Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (7): 398-403.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20251229-00065 Abstract （426）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （1479KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years， the clinical active surveillance （AS） for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma has been approached with extreme caution by both domestic and international guidelines， and there has even been controversy. The "2025 Korean Thyroid Association clinical management guideline on active surveillance for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma" comprehensively delineate the assessment and screening of the appropriate population for AS in low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma. The guidelines recommend clinical management protocols during AS， and outline the indications for surgical intervention during the AS period. Based on relevant domestic and international guidelines， a comparative analysis is now conducted on the characteristics of patients with AS who are suitable for treatment at the age of 19 or above， the follow-up strategy dominated by ultrasound examinations， and the timing of surgical intervention in the event of tumor progression during AS， with the aim of offering references for clinical practice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chinese expert consensus on the clinical management of cancer-related neuropathic pain Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology-Supportive Care and Rehabilitation Committee Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (5): 257-267.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20260118-00043 Abstract （425）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （1153KB）（149）       Knowledge map    Save Cancer-related neuropathic pain （CRNP） is a common type of pain among cancer patients， significantly impacting their quality of life. To standardize the clinical management of CRNP， the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology-Supportive Care and Rehabilitation Committee organized experts from related fields to develop this consensus based on the GRADE evidence grading system. The consensus clarifies the definition and etiological classification of CRNP （cancer-induced， anticancer treatment-induced， and oncology multimorbidity-related）， systematically elaborates on the screening， diagnosis， and assessment processes of CRNP， recommends the use of scales such as DN4 and LANSS for screening， and confirms the diagnosis based on the NeuPSIG grading system. In terms of treatment， the consensus recommends selecting first-line drugs such as calcium channel modulators， tricyclic antidepressants， and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors based on the etiology， and emphasizes multimodal interventions such as combination therapy， local therapy， minimally invasive intervention， and physical therapy. Additionally， priority should be given to comprehensive patient education， evidence-informed psychological support， integration of traditional medicine and structured long-term follow-up management. This consensus provides evidence-based basis and practical guidance for the individualized and multidisciplinary comprehensive management of CRNP. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of the association between plasma D-dimer levels and thromboembolic risk in patients with malignant solid tumors Lin Xueqiong, Chen Ting, Huang Xuchun, Wu Wenzhi, Peng Yuhui Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (2): 93-99.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250806-00014 Abstract （271）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （1048KB）（18）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the risk stratification value of plasma D-dimer （D-D） levels for venous thromboembolism （VTE） within 6 months in patients with malignant solid tumors. Methods A total of 11 082 patients with pathologically confirmed malignant solid tumors who were first treated at Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from January 2021 to December 2023 were retrospectively included， 1 222 cases among which completed imaging examinations such as vascular ultrasound， lower-limb venous ultrasound， or CT pulmonary angiography （CTPA） within 6 months. After excluding 95 cases with missing data， 1 127 patients were divided into the VTE group （n=338） and the non-VTE group （n=789） based on the VET diagnosis results. Gender， age， tumor location， baseline D-D measured at first visit （D-D1）， and D-D obtained on or the day before imaging （D-D2） were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent association between plasma D-D levels and VTE. Based on the results of the multivariate analysis， the “boot” package in R was employed to perform 1 000 Bootstrap resampling iterations. In each iteration， 70% of the samples were randomly selected as the training set for constructing the prediction model， while the remaining 30% served as the validation set. Logistic regression was adopted for model construction， and a nomogram was generated using the R package “nomogram”. The receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curve was constructed to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy. Results There was a statistically significant difference in D-D1 levels between patients of different genders （Z=-5.83， P<0.001）. There were statistically significant differences in the levels of D-D1 and D-D2 in patients of different ages （χ2=585.52， P<0.001； χ2=58.56， P<0.001） and different tumor locations （χ2=1 051.12， P<0.001；χ2=227.64， P<0.001）. There were statistically significant differences in age and tumor location between the VTE group and the non-VTE group （t=-3.70， P<0.001； χ2=3 431.24， P<0.001）. The levels of D-D1 and D-D2 were significantly higher in the VTE group than those in the non-VTE group （Z=9.80， P<0.001； Z=17.12， P<0.001）. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that gender （female：OR=1.87， 95%CI：1.20-2.90， P=0.006）， age （61-70 years old：OR=0.56， 95%CI：0.32-0.98， P=0.042）， tumor location （esophagus：OR=0.30， 95%CI：0.14-0.67， P=0.003； gastrointestinal tract：OR=0.31， 95%CI：0.15-0.68， P=0.003； breast：OR=0.15， 95%CI：0.07-0.33， P<0.001； urinary tract：OR=0.33， 95%CI：0.13-0.86， P=0.023）， and D-D2 levels [551-1 100 μg/L fibrinogen equivalent units （FEU） （OR=2.55， 95%CI：1.31-4.99， P=0.006）， 1 101-4 000 μg/L FEU （OR=9.17， 95%CI：5.06-16.61， P<0.001）， and ≥4 001 μg/L FEU （OR=21.09， 95%CI：11.38-39.08， P<0.001）] were independent influencing factors for VTE in patients with malignant solid tumors. The risk of VTE increased with rising D-D2 levels. A multivariate nomogram was constructed to predict the risk of VET occurrence in patients with malignant solid tumors based on gender， age， tumor location， and D-D2 level. A D-D2 four-tier nomogram was constructed to predict the risk of VET occurrence in patients with malignant solid tumors based on the D-D2 four-tier stratification. ROC curve analysis showed that in the training set， the area under the curve （AUC） of the multivariate nomogram model for predicting VET in patients with malignant solid tumors was 0.828 （95%CI：0.798-0.858）， while the AUC of the D-D2 four‑stratification model （using 1 101-4 000 μg/L FEU as the optimal cutoff interval） was 0.811 （95%CI：0.781-0.840）. The predictive performance of the multivariate model was superior to that of the D-D2 four‑stratification model （Z=3.74， P<0.001）. In the test set， the AUC of the multivariate nomogram model for predicting VET in patients with malignant solid tumors was 0.814 （95%CI：0.763-0.864）， and that of the D-D2 four-stratification model was 0.787 （95%CI：0.733-0.841）， with no statistically significant difference （Z= 1.90， P=0.057）. Conclusions Elevated D-D is an independent risk factor for VTE within 6 months in malignant solid tumor patients. A threshold of ≥4 001 µg/L FEU can trigger intensive thrombotic work-up， facilitating early identification of high-risk patients and improving prognosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Classification，distribution and relationship with tumors of CAF Qing Shuman, Wang Yuanyuan, Yu Shuyang, Li Yingge, Yao Yi Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (3): 167-173.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250613-00027 Abstract （264）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （802KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save Cancer-associated fibroblasts （CAFs） are important components in constructing tumor microenvironment and exhibit significant heterogeneity. Currently，more than ten CAFs subtypes have been identified，which can be classified into two major categories： cancer-promoting and cancer-restraining. Cancer-promoting CAFs promotes tumor progression through extracellular matrix remodeling，immune suppression，angiogenesis and metabolic reprogramming. In contrast，cancer-restraining CAFs exerts anti-tumor effects by recruiting CD8+ T cells/natural killer （NK） cells. The spatial distribution of different CAFs subtypes is closely associated with the specific microenvironment of the tumor region，and multiple subtypes can undergo dynamic transformation under specific conditions，inducing tumor treatment resistance and thereby affecting patient prognosis. Targeting the elimination of cancer-promoting CAFs subsets or inducing their transformation into cancer-restraining subtypes is a promising strategy for remodeling the tumor microenvironment，inhibiting tumor progression，and overcoming drug resistance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Role and therapeutic potential of CC and CXC chemokines in the tumor microenvironment Yang Xinru, Cao Lili Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (4): 224-228.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250528-00037 Abstract （261）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （775KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save Chemokines are a class of cytokines with chemotactic functions that play important roles in the tumor microenvironment through receptor binding. Their functional mechanisms in tumor progression mainly include activating signaling pathways to promote tumor cell proliferation and metastasis， regulating tumor angiogenesis to alter blood supply and nutritional status， and mediating immune escape to evade host defense systems. Studies have demonstrated that targeting specific chemokine-receptor axes can effectively inhibit malignant behaviors of tumor cells and regulate immune cell infiltration， showing significant anti-tumor effects. Research on the critical roles of CC and CXC chemokines regulatory networks in the tumor microenvironment and their targeted therapeutic strategies provides an important theoretical basis and clinical application prospects for the treatment of malignant tumors. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress of molecular targeted therapy of ROS1 gene mutation in non-small cell lung cancer Zhao Yue, Song Chenchen, Liang Tianci, Wang Hui, Wen Tingzhi, Rong Biaoxue Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (2): 105-110.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250810-00016 Abstract （261）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （835KB）（21）       Knowledge map    Save The incidence of ROS1 gene rearrangement in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） is 1%-2%. It is involved in the proliferation， metastasis and invasion of NSCLC cells. The advent of ROS1-tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKIs） has significantly improved the prognosis of ROS1 gene mutant NSCLC patients. However， most patients have acquired resistance after continuous drug use， which seriously challenges the therapeutic effect of tumor targeted drugs. The molecular resistance mechanism of ROS1-TKIs is not completely understood. Further exploration of the background， mutation mode， ROS1-TKIs and resistance mechanism of ROS1 fusion gene can provide new treatment ideas for NSCLC patients resistant to ROS1-TKIs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Evaluation of the risk of low-blood-flow BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions with an ultrasound-based XGBoost model He Yuqing, Wu Zizheng, Qi Zhengqin Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (3): 144-149.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250415-00023 Abstract （250）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （1489KB）（15）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To develop an extreme gradient boosting （XGBoost） model based on clinical and ultrasound features，and to evaluate the model's prediction of the malignancy risk of low-blood-flow （Adler grade 0 -Ⅰ） breast imaging-reporting and data system （BI-RADS） category 4 breast lesions. Methods Clinical and ultrasound data from 317 female patients diagnosed with BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions at First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from June 2023 to December 2024 were retrospectively collected （full-sample，174 benign，143 malignant）. Patients were divided into a training set （n=222，122 benign，100 malignant） and a testing set （n=95，52 benign，43 malignant） using a 7∶3 stratified random sampling method. After excluding patients with high blood flow grades （Adler grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ），166 patients with low blood flow grades were collected and divided 7∶3 into training （n=116，71 benign，45 malignant） and testing （n=50，30 benign，20 malignant） sets. A full-sample XGBoost model for predicting the benign and malignant nature of BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions was constructed based on the well-defined epidemiological risk factors for breast cancer （age，family history of breast cancer，obesity，history of alcohol consumption，and smoking history） and the core assessment indicators for breast lesions recommended by the 2013 ACR BI-RADS classification standard （blood flow grade，maximum lesion diameter，microcalcification，shape，margin，internal echo，posterior echo，and parallel position）. After excluding the blood flow grade variable，a low-blood-flow grade XGBoost model was constructed with the remaining 12 features. The predictive efficacy was evaluated using receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curves； SHapley additive explanation （SHAP） analysis was used to quantify feature contributions； decision curve analysis （DCA） was used to assess accuracy and practicability. Results There were statistically significant differences among patients with benign and malignant breast lesions in the full sample for blood flow grade （χ²=4.99，P=0.026），maximum lesion diameter （χ²=4.47，P=0.034），microcalcifications （χ²=7.10，P=0.009），internal echo （χ²=4.24，P=0.041），and posterior echo （χ²=22.32，P<0.001）. ROC curve analysis showed that，for the full-sample training set，the area under the curve （AUC） of the XGBoost model for predicting benign and malignant BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions was 0.936 （95%CI： 0.902-0.965），with an accuracy of 86.0%，a sensitivity of 88.5%，and a specificity of 83.2%； for the testing set，the AUC was 0.852 （95%CI： 0.787-0.906），with an accuracy of 76.8%，a sensitivity of 78.6%，and a specificity of 75.0%. SHAP analysis showed that，the blood flow grade （Adler gradesⅡ-Ⅲ） had the greatest contribution to the prediction of malignancy risk by the XGBoost model for the full sample，followed by the irregularity of the margin and the absence of parallel position. For the low-blood-flow grade sample training set，the AUC of the XGBoost model for predicting benign and malignant BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions was 0.951 （95%CI： 0.917-0.975），with an accuracy of 86.5%，a sensitivity of 87.9%，and a specificity of 84.8%； for the testing set，the AUC was 0.843 （95%CI： 0.766-0.904），with an accuracy of 79.6%，a sensitivity of 81.5%，and a specificity of 77.8%. Internal validation results showed that the C-index of the XGBoost model for predicting benign and malignant breast lesions was 0.82. SHAP analysis showed that，the posterior echo attenuation had the greatest positive contribution to the prediction of malignancy risk by the XGBoost model for low-blood-flow grade samples，followed by the presence of microcalcification，maximum lesion diameter >2 cm，and inhomogeneous internal echo. DCA showed that this prediction model could provide high clinical net benefit and had certain clinical practicability. Conclusions The XGBoost model based on clinical and ultrasound features effectively evaluates benign and malignant nature of low-blood-flow BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions. Posterior echo attenuation，microcalcification，maximum lesion diameter >2 cm，and inhomogeneous internal echo are key features for predicting malignancy risk in low-blood-flow BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of factors influencing the prognosis of patients with postoperative peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer Liu Pingping, Wang Junyi, Lin Zhiwei, Chen Dachao Journal of International Oncology    2025, 52 (12): 764-769.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250509-00130 Abstract （249）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （1112KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the factors influencing the prognosis of patients with postoperative peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. Methods The clinical data of 141 patients with postoperative peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer admitted to the 909th Hospital （Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University） from January 2022 to December 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were followed up for 1 year， and the clinical characteristics of patients with different outcomes were analyzed. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze factors influencing patients' prognosis， Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted， and the log-rank test was employed to compare 1-year overall survival （OS） rates among patients with different influencing factors. Results Among 141 patients with peritoneal metastasis after gastric cancer surgery， 51 died. The 1-year OS rate of the patients was 70.20%， and the median OS was 13 months. There were statistically significant differences in terms of lymph node metastasis （χ2=9.17， P=0.002）， vascular invasion （χ2=11.78， P=0.001）， cancer nodules （χ2=10.04， P=0.002）， Borrmann type （χ2=6.81， P=0.009）， TNM stage （χ2=22.22， P<0.001）， systemic treatment （χ2=6.47， P=0.011）， and intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy （χ2=10.28， P=0.001） between deceased and surviving patients. Multivariate analysis showed that， lymph node metastasis （HR=2.15， 95%CI： 1.44-6.53， P=0.010）， vascular invasion （HR=1.98， 95%CI： 1.28-6.91， P=0.023）， cancer nodules （HR=1.98， 95%CI： 1.26-7.98， P=0.042）， TNM stage （HR=2.09， 95%CI： 1.37-8.03， P=0.025）， and intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy （HR=2.19， 95%CI： 1.53-6.30， P=0.008） were all factors influencing the prognosis of patients with postoperative peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. Survival curve analysis showed that， the 1-year OS rates of patients with and without lymph node metastasis were 50.0% and 74.7%， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （χ2=9.77， P=0.002）； the 1-year OS rates of patients with and without vascular invasion were 47.5% and 75.6%， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （χ2=12.51， P<0.001）； the 1-year OS rates of patients with and without cancer nodules were 34.8% and 69.5%， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （χ2=11.80， P=0.001）； the 1-year OS rates of patients with TNM stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ were 80.2% and 41.7%， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （χ2=20.64， P<0.001）； and the 1-year OS rates of patients without and with intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy were 52.5% and 78.7%， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （χ2=9.83， P=0.002）. Conclusions Lymph node metastasis， vascular invasion， cancer nodules， TNM stage Ⅱ， and no intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy are all risk factors for the prognosis of patients with postoperative peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on resistance mechanisms of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer Li Ting, Zhou Qi, Zhang Qian, Chen Jie Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (1): 57-61.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250319-00008 Abstract （239）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （831KB）（35）       Knowledge map    Save Although immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy based on anti-programmed death-1 （PD-1） and programmed death-ligand 1 （PD-L1） can significantly improve the survival prognosis of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer， primary and secondary drug resistance result in limited benefits for some individuals. The resistance mechanism of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy is particularly complex and is influenced by multiple factors. A systematic review of the latest research results on the resistance mechanism to PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors can provide scientific basis for optimizing the treatment strategy of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Efficacy and safety of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer Yu Yunpeng, Dai Chunhua, Ling Rui Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (1): 31-37.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250619-00004 Abstract （238）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （831KB）（24）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer. Methods A total of 128 patients with advanced esophageal cancer admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University from March 2021 to June 2024 were selected as the study subjects. According to different treatment methods， they were divided into a conventional group （n=60， treated with paclitaxel liposome+nedaplatin） and a monoclonal antibody group （n=68， treated with paclitaxel liposome+nedaplatin+tislelizumab）. With 21 days as one cycle， a total of 4-6 cycles of chemotherapy were administered. The short-term efficacy， tumor markers and related factors， inflammatory factors， immune related indicators， quality of life-related score and safety of the two groups of patients were observed. Results After treatment， the objective response rate in the monoclonal antibody group （86.76%， 59/68） was higher than that in the conventional group （65.00%， 39/60）， with a statistically significant difference （χ2=8.42， P=0.004）. The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA）， cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 （CYFRA21-1）， carbohydrate antigen （CA） 125， and squamous cell carcinoma antigen （SCC-Ag） in the monoclonal antibody group were （7.73±2.18） μg/L， （4.95±0.67） U/ml， （9.28±1.42） U/ml， and （0.50±0.16） μg/L， respectively， and those in the conventional group were （10.14±2.21） μg/L， （4.09±0.70） U/ml， （7.35±1.58） U/ml， and （0.68±0.22） μg/L， respectively， with statistically significant differences （t=6.20， P<0.001； t=7.10， P<0.001； t=7.28， P<0.001； t=5.34， P<0.001）. Moreover， the levels of CEA， CYFRA21-1， CA125， and SCC-Ag in both groups of patients after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment （all P<0.05）. The levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the monoclonal antibody group were （118.28±10.47） ng/ml and （320.27±18.79） ng/L， respectively， and those in the conventional group were （126.75±14.51） ng/ml and （350.71±19.35） ng/L， respectively， with statistically significant differences （t=3.82， P<0.001； t=9.02， P<0.001）. The levels of MMP-9 and VEGF in both groups of patients after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment （all P<0.05）. The levels of interleukin （IL）-6， C-reactive protein （CRP） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the monoclonal antibody group were （5.46±1.26） ng/L， （7.89±1.45） mg/L， and （3.95±0.83） ng/L， respectively， and those in the conventional group were （8.66±2.13） ng/L， （9.51±1.64） mg/L， and （6.02±1.52） ng/L， respectively， with statistically significant differences （t=10.49， P<0.001； t=5.93， P<0.001； t=9.71， P<0.001）. The levels of IL-6， CRP， and TNF-α in both groups of patients after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment （all P<0.05）. The T-cell subsets CD3+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the monoclonal antibody group were （66.16±5.26）% and 1.52±0.25， respectively， and those in the conventional group were （58.41±5.17）% and 1.15±0.27， respectively， with statistically significant differences （t=8.39， P<0.001； t=8.05， P<0.001）. The T-cell subsets CD3+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in both groups of patients after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment （all P<0.05）. Compared with before treatment， the Karnofsky performance status scores and the M. D. Anderson dysphagia inventory scores of both groups of patients were increased， and the scores in the monoclonal antibody group were significantly higher than those in the conventional group； the numerical rating scale scores of both groups were decreased， and the score in the monoclonal antibody group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group （all P<0.05）. The common adverse reactions in the two groups were leukopenia， nausea， fatigue， etc.， most of which were grade 1-2. The incidence of grade 3 adverse reactions was 10.00%（6/60） in the conventional group and 20.59%（14/68） in the monoclonal antibody group. No grade 4 adverse reactions occurred. There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the conventional group （78.33%， 47/60） and the monoclonal antibody group （75.00%， 51/68； χ2=0.20， P=0.657）. Conclusions Compared with chemotherapy alone， tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer can improve short-term efficacy with good safety. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Efficacy of different treatment modalities in the real-world setting for advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients after progression on third-generation EGFR-TKI treatment Yang Junling, Zhang Guifang, Mu Zhuqing, Huang Puchao, Ma Xiaoyan, Liang Jiaxin Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (4): 201-206.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20251015-00033 Abstract （223）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （1101KB）（67）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the efficacy of different treatment modalities in the real-world setting for patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） mutant non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） after progression on third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor （TKI） treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 104 patients with advanced NSCLC who received third-generation EGFR-TKI treatment at Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province between January 1， 2021， and June 30， 2024. Based on the different treatment approaches after the progression of third-generation EGFR-TKI treatment， patients were divided into two groups： Group A （n=44） continued to receive third-generation EGFR-TKI treatment， whereas Group B （n=60） discontinued it and received other therapeutic regimens. The objective response rate （ORR）， disease control rate （DCR） and median progression-free survival （mPFS） were compared between the groups. The mPFS of the two treatment approaches in patients with oligoprogression， widespread progression， and brain metastases were compared. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier method. The adverse reactions were observed and compared between the two groups. Results The ORR in Group A and Group B were 20.45% （9/44） and 13.33% （8/60） respectively， and the DCR were 88.64% （39/44） and 80.00% （48/60） respectively， with no statistically significant differences （χ²=0.94， P=0.332； χ²=1.39， P=0.239）. The mPFS of patients in Group A and Group B were 8.3 and 6.0 months respectively， with a statistically significant difference （χ²=8.58， P=0.003）. Subgroup analysis showed that the mPFS in oligoprogression patients were 8.2 and 6.8 months in Group A （n=18） and Group B （n=14）， respectively； in patients with widespread progression， it was 8.4 months in Group A （n=26） and 6.0 months in Group B （n=46）， respectively； in patients with brain metastases， it was 8.4 months in Group A （n=27） and 6.0 months in Group B （n=32）， with statistically significant differences （χ²=4.03， P=0.045； χ²=4.51， P=0.034； χ²=8.05， P=0.005）. In terms of safety， the incidence rates of grade ≥3 adverse reactions in Group A and Group B were 25.00% （11/44） and 16.67% （10/60）， respectively， with no statistically significant difference （χ²=1.09， P=0.296）. All adverse reactions in both groups were relieved after symptomatic treatment， and no cases of drug discontinuation due to intolerable adverse reactions occurred. Conclusions For advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients after progression on third-generation EGFR-TKI treatment， continued treatment with the EGFR-TKIs significantly prolongs mPFS compared to other therapeutic regimens that discontinue the EGFR-TKIs. However， no significant differences are observed in the ORR， DCR and safety between the two treatment approaches. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Impact of imatinib adjuvant therapy on the postoperative prognosis of patients with non-gastric primary high-risk GIST Yang Song, Zheng Xiangyun, Pan Yingxue, Wang Jiaming, Zhang Huanhu Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (5): 283-289.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250826-00046 Abstract （212）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （1331KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the impact of imatinib adjuvant therapy on the postoperative prognosis of patients with non-gastric primary high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor （GIST）. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data， postoperative treatment and survival information of 40 patients with non-gastric primary high-risk GIST admitted to Weihai Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University from January 1， 2010 to May 30， 2022. All patients underwent radical surgical resection. Patients receiving imatinib （400 mg/d） as adjuvant therapy started taking the medication 4 to 8 weeks after the surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors influencing patient prognosis were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted， and patients were stratified based on whether they completed 3-year or 5-year postoperative imatinib adjuvant therapy. Inter-group comparisons were made using the log-rank test. Results By the end of the follow-up period， among the 40 patients， 37 received adjuvant therapy， of whom 16 experienced tumor progression and 7 of these died due to tumor progression； 3 patients did not receive adjuvant therapy， and 2 of them died due to tumor progression. The 3-， 5-， and 10-year disease-free survival （DFS） rates were 79.1%， 60.0%， and 25.3%， respectively， while the 3-， 5-， and 10-year overall survival （OS） rates were 94.1%， 90.6%， and 54.1%， respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that the Ki-67 （HR=4.01， 95%CI： 1.04-15.27， P=0.048） and imatinib adjuvant therapy （HR=4.59， 95%CI： 1.05-20.23， P=0.041） were factors influencing DFS. Tumor number （HR=5.83， 95%CI： 1.06-21.93， P=0.042） and imatinib adjuvant therapy （HR=5.05， 95%CI： 1.03-24.26， P=0.044） were factors influencing OS. Multivariate analysis identified Ki-67>5% （HR=4.21， 95%CI： 1.03-20.73， P=0.046） and without postoperative imatinib adjuvant therapy （HR=6.23， 95%CI： 1.23-31.59， P=0.027） as independent risk factors for DFS. Multiple tumor numbers （HR=8.77， 95%CI： 1.40-55.01， P=0.020） and not receiving postoperative imatinib adjuvant therapy （HR=7.70， 95%CI： 1.28-46.41， P=0.026） were independent risk factors for OS. The 5-year DFS and OS rates were 46.2% and 90.0% in the group receiving postoperative imatinib adjuvant therapy for less than 3 years， compared to 90.0% and 100.0% in the group receiving therapy for more than 3 years， with statistically significant differences （χ2=8.24， P=0.004； χ2=6.34， P=0.012）. The 5-year DFS and OS rates were 55.0% and 92.2% in the group receiving postoperative imatinib adjuvant therapy for less than 5 years， compared to 100% and 100% in the group receiving therapy for more than 5 years. There was a statistically significant difference in the 5-year DFS rate between the two groups （χ2=3.94， P=0.047）， but no statistically significant difference in the 5-year OS rate （χ2=2.10， P=0.147）. Conclusions Ki-67>5%， multiple tumor numbers and without postoperative imatinib adjuvant therapy are independent risk factors affecting the postoperative prognosis of non-gastric primary high-risk GIST patients. 5-year imatinib adjuvant therapy can prolong the postoperative DFS of non-gastric primary high-risk GIST patients and improve their prognosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chinese expert consensus on the correlation between intestinal microecology and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （2026 Edition） Tumor and Microecology Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (7): 388-397.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20260308-00064 Abstract （198）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （968KB）（228）       Knowledge map    Save Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HSCT） affects intestinal flora homeostasis， and intestinal microecology may also affect the prognosis of HSCT patients through multiple mechanisms. To gain a deeper understanding of intestinal microecology and HSCT to address the key issues of correlation， and to learn and absorb the latest research progress， the Tumor and Microecology Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association organized relevant experts to revise on the basis of the "Chinese expert consensus on the correlation between intestinal microecology and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation " （2021 Edition） and proposed the "Chinese expert consensus on the correlation between intestinal microecology and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （2026 Edition）". This consensus， based on the latest domestic and international literature and combined with the latest technology and research in the discipline， presents 9 recommendations regarding issues such as the indications of intestinal microecology in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation， for clinicians to refer to in practice. This consensus can not only provide practical guidance for clinicians， but also lay a foundation for further in-depth research in the fields of oncology and microecology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (2): 120-124.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250312-00019 Abstract （197）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （2825KB）（9）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Current status and challenges of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in malignant tumors Zhao Yuan, Yao Wentao Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (1): 47-52.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250513-00006 Abstract （196）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （814KB）（46）       Knowledge map    Save Malignant tumors have become a significant challenge in global public health， posing substantial threats to both human health and societal development. Although current clinical treatment strategies continue to advance， the overall therapeutic effect still has significant limitations. Supported by innovative applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors and substantial evidence from both clinical trials and real-world studies， neoadjuvant immunotherapy is leading resectable tumor management into a new era of immunotherapy. However， ongoing research continues to identify crucial issues that require urgent solutions. Systematic analysis of the molecular mechanisms， clinical trial progress， and real-world applications of neoadjuvant immunotherapy is expected to reveal current therapeutic constraints and future development directions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Short-term efficacy and clinical outcomes of concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by anlotinib maintenance treatment in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer Han Yufei, Li Fengmei, Zhang Weina, Zhang Ping, Hou Ping Journal of International Oncology    2026, 53 (4): 219-223.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250520-00036 Abstract （194）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1371KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of anlotinib maintenance treatment in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer （LACC） after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Methods From October 2021 to August 2022， 68 patients with LACC admitted to Qingdao Municipal Hospital were selected as the research subjects. According to different treatment regimens， they were divided into an observation group of 32 cases （receiving anlotinib maintenance treatment after concurrent chemoradiotherapy） and a control group of 36 cases （receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone）， with 21 days as one course of treatment. Serum tumor marker squamous cell carcinoma antigen （SCC） was reexamined after each course of treatment. Imaging MR was performed every 2 courses of treatment to evaluate the changes in the size of cervical lesions， and the occurrence of drug-related adverse reactions in the two groups of patients was observed. The progression-free survival （PFS） was compared between the two groups. Results By the end of follow-up，the SCC and maximum cervical lesion diameter in the observation group were （5.81±0.62） ng/ml and （3.66±0.84） cm， respectively， and those in the control group were （6.79±0.53） ng/ml and （4.32±0.68） cm， respectively， with statistically significant differences （t=8.50， P<0.001； t=4.32， P<0.001）. The complete remission rate of the observation group was 81.25% （26/32）， which was significantly higher than that of the control group （50.00%， 18/36）， with a statistically significant difference （χ2=7.24， P=0.007）. The incidence of secondary hypertension in the observation group was 46.88% （15/32）， higher than 22.22% （8/36） in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （χ2=4.60， P=0.032）， however， all were grade 1-2. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of hematological toxicity [62.50% （20/32） vs. 50.00% （18/36）， χ2=1.07， P=0.300]， gastrointestinal reactions [34.38% （11/32） vs. 25.00% （9/36）， χ2=0.72， P=0.397]， radiation cystitis [15.63% （5/32） vs. 11.11% （4/36）， χ2=0.30， P=0.584]， radiation proctitis [18.75% （6/32） vs. 11.11% （4/36）， χ2=0.79， P=0.375] and proteinuria [21.88% （7/32） vs. 19.44% （7/36）， χ2=0.06， P=0.805] between the observation group and the control group. The median PFS in the observation group was 23.75 months， which was significantly longer than 15.16 months of the control group， with a statistically significant difference （χ2=4.28， P=0.034）. Conclusions The complete remission rate of concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by anlotinib maintenance treatment for LACC is higher than that of concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone， the adverse reactions are controllable， and can prolong the PFS of patients. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Regulatory mechanisms， clinical significance and targeted therapeutic strategies of the immune checkpoint VISTA in tumors Wang Jing, Li Baozhong Journal of International Oncology    2025, 52 (12): 782-786.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250605-00133 Abstract （189）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （764KB）（31）       Knowledge map    Save The V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation （VISTA） is a novel immune checkpoint protein belonging to the B7 family. VISTA is highly expressed in various malignant tumors， and its expression level is closely associated with tumor clinical characteristics and patient prognosis. By binding to its ligand in the tumor microenvironment， VISTA mediates multiple immune escape mechanisms， promoting the progression of virous malignancies and immune resistance， making it a novel target for tumor immunotherapy. Currently， several VISTA inhibitors have entered clinical trial phases， including monotherapy with VISTA inhibitors and combination strategies with other immunomodulatory agents. These developments collectively demonstrate that VISTA is a next-generation immunotherapy target with significant clinical potential. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on combined radiotherapy， chemotherapy， and immunotherapy for cervical cancer Ma Yongjia, Peng Siyu, Sun Pengfei Journal of International Oncology    2025, 52 (11): 726-731.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250619-00124 Abstract （186）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （803KB）（27）       Knowledge map    Save In clinical studies of cervical cancer， the combination of radiotherapy， chemotherapy， and immunotherapy has yielded certain results. Programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors have also demonstrated positive results in multiple clinical trials. Novel immunotherapies such as human papillomavirus peptide vaccines， DNA vaccines， tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy， and bispecific antibodies have been applied in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer， demonstrating significant anti-tumor activity， the potential to reshape the immune microenvironment， adaptability to personalized treatment， and synergistic effects when combined with multi-modal therapies. A deeper exploration of the synergistic mechanisms of combined therapy regimens and the application and development limitations of various therapies in cervical cancer treatment can provide insights for further optimizing treatment strategies for cervical cancer. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）