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22 September 2012, Volume 39 Issue 09 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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MicroRNA-19 and neoplasms SUN Ji-Kui, JIA Zhi-Fan, YANG Wei-Dong 2012, 39 (8):  643-646.  Abstract ( 812 )   PDF (927KB) ( 2479 )   Save The miR-17-92 cluster, consisting of six individual microRNAs, including miR-17, miR-20a,miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-19b and miR-92a-1, is a kind of typical oncogenic polycistron microRNA. MiR-19 (containing miR-19a and miR-19b), as the key oncogenic component in miR-17-92 cluster, is overexpressed in human cancers including lymphomas, leukaemia, lung cancer, breast cancer and multiple myeloma, and has been one of research focus in recent years. It is found that miR-19 promotes tumor growth，invasion and metastasis through negative regulation of target genes such as PTEN, PP2A, Bim,SOCS1, and is correlated strongly with PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. MiR-19 plays an important role in tumor genesis and development. Related Articles | Metrics

Mitochondrial protein NDUFS3 and tumor WANG Pei, CHENG Xiao-Dong, XIE Xing 2012, 39 (8):  647-650.  Abstract ( 1130 )   PDF (795KB) ( 2527 )   Save NDUFS3 is an essential subunit of mitochondrial NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex Ⅰ) and plays a critical role in the mitochondrial type Ⅰrespiration chain. Mutations in this gene are shown to cause neurodegenerative disease such as Leigh syndrome(subacute necrotizing encephalopathy). In recent years, many evidences show that the expression of NDUFS3 proteins are lower in many cancerous cells compared to the corresponding normal cells. It comes to the conclusion that NDUFS3 may play a role in the tumorigenesis.  Related Articles | Metrics

Construction of TCR gene modified cytotoxic T lymphocytes and its application MA Su-Juan, SHI Yang, SHI Hong-Zhen 2012, 39 (8):  650-654.  Abstract ( 858 )   PDF (921KB) ( 1878 )   Save Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are critical effectors which play important roles both in anti-tumor and antivirus immune responses. Through T-cell receptors(TCRs), CTLs can specifically recognize MHC-Ⅰ-peptides complexes presented on the surface of target cells, and then release biological substances such as perforin and granzymes into the target cells and dissolve them. Since the significant potential value of CTLs, more and more people are focusing on its basic and applied studies. Most researches are about the transformation of the TCR gene. With the development of molecular biology, cloning and transduction of TCR gene have been more mature. Researchers are finding ways to ensure that TCR gene expresses efficiently and assemble correctly. Related Articles | Metrics

Telosome: biological function and its relationship with tumor GUO Yi-Xian, SUN Wan-Ling, XIA Chang-Qing 2012, 39 (8):  654-658.  Abstract ( 850 )   PDF (920KB) ( 1658 )   Save Recent studies show that the structure integrality and function are more important than the length of telomere in maintaining tumor cells reproduction and proliferation. Mammalian telomeres bound by a specialized sixprotein(TRF1,TRF2,TIN2,RAP1,POT1 and TPP1)complex known as telosome or shelterin, has fundamental role in the regulation of telomere activity, maintaining the length and protecting telomere chromosome terminal. Telosome is involved in the complex regulation of cell mitosis process. The study of the role of telomere binding protein complex in tumorigenesis is very important for searching new methods of tumor diagnosis and treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

Receptor for activated C kinase 1 and neoplasms LI Xiu-Ping, XIAO Ming-Ming, JING Shi-Bing 2012, 39 (8):  662-664.  Abstract ( 730 )   PDF (784KB) ( 1545 )   Save As an anchoring protein, receptor for activated C kinase 1(RACK1) can combine together with many kinds of intracellular signaling molecules and participate in many signal conduction in cells. Researchers have paid close attention to the role of RACK1 in signal transduction molecule network of tumor cells. Abundant studies reveal that RACK1 can regulate signal transduction by regulating tumorigenesis and immune escape in tumor cells, and then play important roles. Related Articles | Metrics

Role of P53 outside the nucleus HOU Qing-Sheng, ZHANG Yu-Lin, CHEN De-Xi, GUO Hong-Liang 2012, 39 (8):  665-668.  Abstract ( 1112 )   PDF (848KB) ( 2297 )   Save P53 protein plays a crucial role in inhibition tumor development. It will accumulate in cells in the condition of DNA damage,oncogenes activation or stress. As a nuclear transcription factor，P53 can transactivate the genes which correlate with apoptosis, cell cycle control and other procedures. Current research reveals P53 outside the nucleus can induce apoptosis and inhibit autophagy which contributes to its function of tumor suppression. The study of the extranuclear function of P53 is beneficial to further understanding the mechanism of P53 in the genesis and  development of tumor.   Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of interleukin-32 LI Song-Lin, YIN Yuan-Qin 2012, 39 (8):  669-671.  Abstract ( 737 )   PDF (783KB) ( 1685 )   Save Interleukin-32 is a newly descovered cytokine. In vivo and in vitro studies show that it inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of colon cancer and melanoma by inhibiting NF-κB and signaling and transcription activated factor 3 pathways. In addition, IL-32 suppresses tumor growth in different ways in chronic myelogenous leukemia, sarcoma and prostate cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress on anti-tumor and immunity activity of CpG TANG Zheng-Hai, WANG Xiao-Wen, TANG Jin-Tian 2012, 39 (8):  671-674.  Abstract ( 1022 )   PDF (850KB) ( 1676 )   Save CpG motifs are unmethylated oligodeoxynucleotides, and its core sequences are composed of unmethylated cytosine and unmethylated guanine. CpG motifs can induce the immune response by activating a variety of immune cells against diseases.The changes of CpG structure will increase the biological activities of CpG,and then enhance the therapeutic effect of CpG as the immuno adjuvant and the sensitizer of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cancer treatment Related Articles | Metrics

Anti-cancer mechanism of bufalin YU Yun-Long, WEN Bing, ZHU Zhi-Tu 2012, 39 (8):  675-677.  Abstract ( 1046 )   PDF (783KB) ( 1603 )   Save Bufalin is one of the major active components of Chan Su, a traditional Chinese medicine. Studies at home and abroad have confirmed that bufalin can inhibit cell proliferation significantly in many human leukemia and solid cancer cell lines by inhibiting endothelial hyperplasia and angiogenesis, and inducing cell differentiation and apoptosis. With the deepening of study，it is showed that bufalin has extensive anticancer activities and it has potential clinical value with very low drug concentration. Related Articles | Metrics

Serum miRNA:a new marker of cancer diagnosis JIN 儿, MA Sheng-Lin 2012, 39 (8):  678-679.  Abstract ( 861 )   PDF (709KB) ( 1716 )   Save Dysfunction of microRNA (miRNA ) is associated with occurrence and development of tumor. MiRNA are very stable in blood serum, significantly tumorrelated and tissuespecific. The detection of serum miRNA is convenient, littleinvasive and fast, and then serum miRNA can be used as a new biomarker for tumor diagnosis. Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of nedaplatin in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma SHI Yu, WANG Ren-Sheng 2012, 39 (8):  680-682.  Abstract ( 915 )   PDF (780KB) ( 1511 )   Save Inductive chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy have been a focus on the clinical research in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cisplatin, as a kind of representative platinum drug, can improve the curative effect, but it also brings a lot of side effects to nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. The new kind of platinum drugnedaplatin，can not only guarantee the curative effect but also reduce the side effects of chemotherapy. Related Articles | Metrics

CXCL12/CXCR4 and breast cancer XU Shuang-Fei, ZHUANG Zhi-Gang 2012, 39 (8):  683-686.  Abstract ( 715 )   PDF (848KB) ( 1688 )   Save CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 can express in breast cancer, and are regulated by several factors in the genesis and development of breast cancer. Lots of researches have proved that CXCL12 and CXCR4 can be used as new independent prognostic makers of breast cancer. Treatment targeted for CXCR4 can be seen as a new kind of combination therapy, which may provides patients a more ideal treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

Current status and progress of male breast cancer diagnosis and treatment FENG Wei-Liang, YANG Hong-Jian 2012, 39 (8):  686-689.  Abstract ( 798 )   PDF (850KB) ( 1531 )   Save Male breast cancer is rare, it mainly caused by the interaction of the genetic factors, hormone levels, way of life, and the environment. Its clinical manifestations are indolent tumors. The diagnosis method includes clinical medical examination and imaging examination, and pathology examination. The treatment is in reference to the female breast cancer treatment model, including surgery, chemoradiotherapy and endocrine therapy. Tumor size and axillary lymph nodes involvement are independent predictors of overall survival. Related Articles | Metrics

mTOR in gastric cancer XIN Li, WANG Qing-Cai 2012, 39 (8):  690-693.  Abstract ( 837 )   PDF (849KB) ( 1792 )   Save Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an atypical serine / threonine protein kinase, and belongs to the phosphatidylinositol kinaserelated kinase ( PIKK) family. mTOR plays an important role in tumor cell growth, apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis. Molecular therapy targeted mTOR has become a hot research topiccurrently. Related Articles | Metrics

Role of PIK3CA gene in colorectal cancer genesis and development CAI Yan-Tao, YANG Yi, XIANG Jian-Bin, CHEN Zong-You 2012, 39 (8):  693-696.  Abstract ( 911 )   PDF (850KB) ( 1976 )   Save The PIK3CA gene codes p100α, the catalytic  subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and is involved in the initiating the PI3K/AKT pathway. PIK3CA plays its biological roles through.downstream PI3K pathway. PIK3CA gene mutants can be detected in many kinds of tumors. The mutant PIK3CA gene can abnormally activate PI3K pathway, leading to the abnormal cell cycle, decreased cell adhesion, down regulated apoptosis and neovascularization, and then promotes tumor genesis and development. Recent researches have found that mutant PIK3CA gene is closely correlated with the genesis, development, differentiation, metastasis and drug resistance of colorectal cancer. Research of PIK3CA in colorectal cancer may provide significant evidence for the early diagnosis, gene screen, therapeutic regimen making, recurrence and follow up. Related Articles | Metrics

Ephs and ephrins in colorectal cancer LIU Hai-Yan, LIU Cheng-Xia 2012, 39 (8):  696-699.  Abstract ( 703 )   PDF (850KB) ( 1562 )   Save Erythropoitin producing hepatocellular receptors(Ephs) and their ligands ephrins, the largest subset of tyrosine protein kinase receptor family, play a key role in the adhesion, orientation, migration and differentiation of cells. Eph and Ephrins are found closely correlated with tumorigenesis and development in human gastrointestinal tumors, especially colorectal cancer. The members of Ephs and ephrins show diverse expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Studying the mechanism and role of Ephs and ephrins on the malignant tumor occurrence and development will provide more accurate clinical basis for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Progress of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT in multimodality treatment of colorectal cancer ZHANG Yan, ZHAO Fen, YU Jin-Ming 2012, 39 (8):  699-702.  Abstract ( 645 )   PDF (852KB) ( 1562 )   Save The efficacy of colorectal cancer treatment is not very satisfactory. Conventional morphologic imagings are limited in the diagnosis and in the applications of   multimodality treatment for colorectal cancer. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT can play a pivotal role in detecting metabolism changes and in the localization of lesions concurrently. It is valuable in the assessment of responses to therapy,  prediction of prognosis and  selecting modality management and monitoring postoperative recurrence. The rightmoment and proper application of PET-CT can increase the therapeutic efficacy of colorectal cancer.  Related Articles | Metrics

Chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy for small intestine cancer WU Jing-Jing, GU Kang-Sheng 2012, 39 (8):  703-706.  Abstract ( 1003 )   PDF (851KB) ( 2265 )   Save Neoplasms of the small intestine have no specific features at early stage，and the prognosis is poor. The 5year survival rate of all the patients is about 30% and the middle survival time is 19 months. The retrospective analysis shows that adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection might improve the disease free survival while the overall survival is not improved obviously. The patients who are at advanced stage or have regional lymph node metastasis may obtain benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy. Palliative chemotherapy may improve progress free survival and overall survival  of patients who are at advanced stage. The therapeutic effect of patients at advanced stage using FOLFOX regimen（5fluorouracil，calcium folinate and oxaliplatin）is better compared with other regimens. The molecular targeted therapy of small intestine cancer is still in the study process and advanced studies are also needed for chemotherapy. Related Articles | Metrics

Mesenchymal stem cells  in radiationinduced lung injury treatment ZHOU Jun-Jun, LU Zhao-Tong 2012, 39 (8):  706-708.  Abstract ( 540 )   PDF (779KB) ( 1600 )   Save Radiotherapy plays a significant role in the treatment of lung malignant tumor. However, as the most main complication of radiotherapy used to treat lung malignant tumor, radiationinduced lung injury is an important influencing factor in impeding further and higher dose radiotherapy. Previous studies show that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the characteristics of selfreplication, multiple differentiation, immunoregulation and directional migration. MSCs can help to repair many kinds of acute and chronic lung injury, meanwhile stem cell transplantation stimulates production of many cytokines to attenuate acute lung injury. So stem cell therapy provides a new kind of thinking in the prevention and treatment of radiationinduced lung injury.  Related Articles | Metrics

Study of informing cancer patients of the disease with the optimized security strategy based on AQ score FAN Jun-Qiu, FAN Jin-Man 2012, 39 (8):  709-712.  Abstract ( 774 )   PDF (846KB) ( 1525 )   Save Objective To study the optimized security strategy for informing cancer patients with the disease, and let patients be fully informed and even more actively cooperate with doctors while they are under treatment. Methods Grouped with adversity quotient(AQ) score, these cancer patients were in comparison with those who had been informed by other ways without support strategy,and different groups of patients were estimated in different strategies in accordance with selfrating anxiety scale (SAS) and selfrating depression scale (SDS) .Results With certain strategies, high and low AQ score groups′ SAS and SDS scores  stably restored in 1 day to 1 week,  and the differences had statistical significance(P<0.01). The patients were wellinformed without any difficulty and actively cooperated with treatment. No related factors led to selfmutilation, suicide and other serious incidents. While the SAS and SDS scores of the control group who were not informed by the strategy were not satisfactorily recovered, and the patients could not actively cooperate with the doctors. Especially being notified after 1 d to 1 week, the SAS and SDS scores had no significant improvement, and the differences had no statistical significance compared with themselves (P>0.05).It is difficult to avoid the occurrence of serious incidents Conclusion Based on AQ score, it is safe and effective to inform cancer patients of their disease condition by individual strategies. It not only respects patients rights, but also gains the active cooperation of the patients, and is helpful for treatment with minimizing adverse effects.   Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and clinical significance of Survivin and COX-2 in human ampullary carcinoma XUE Dong, ZUO Kai, LI Xin-Jun, WANG Jian-Qiang, ZHANG Cheng-De, CHENG Pi-Guang, ZHANG Tong-Jun, GONG Ben-Gang 2012, 39 (8):  713-717.  Abstract ( 680 )   PDF (1272KB) ( 1559 )   Save Objective To study the expression of Survivin and COX-2 in ampullary carcinoma and their clinical significance.Methods The expression of Survivin and COX-2 proteins were tested by EnVision immunohistochemistry in 40 cases of ampullary carcinomas，and 8 cases of normal ampulla of vater as the controls．Results The positive rate of Survivin in ampullary carcinomas was significantly higher than that of the controls(82.5％vs 0，P<0.01). The expression of Survivin in ampullary carcinoma was correlated with duodenal invasion,pancreatic invasion  and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).    Significant difference was also observed in the expression rate of COX2 between the patients with ampullary carcinoma and the normal controls (67.5％vs 0，P<0.01).The expression of COX-2 in ampullary carcinoma was correlated with duodenal invasion，pancreatic invasion and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Significantly positive correlation was found between the expression of Survivin and COX-2 by using spearman correlation analysis(r=0.383, P=0.015)．Conclusion The specific upregulation of COX-2 gene and Survivin gene may play an important role in the genesis and development of ampullary carcinoma.  COX-2 and Survivin may be  used as early diagnosis markers and  potential therapeutic targets in ampullary carcinoma. Related Articles | Metrics

Gemcitabine combined with coinstantaneous radiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer WU Tie-Ying, ZHANG Jun-Qing, LIU Yong-Lan, XIAO Zhen-Zhong, FENG Yan-Guo, WU Zhi-Gang, CHEN Jing, HAN Xiao-Long 2012, 39 (8):  717-720.  Abstract ( 730 )   PDF (906KB) ( 1607 )   Save Objective To evaluate the efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy combined with coinstantaneous gemcitabine, and  gemcitabine alone for advanced pancreatic cancer.  Methods 56 advanced pancreatic cancer patients were assigned into observation group, which accepted stereotactic body radiotherapy combined with coinstantaneous gemcitabine 500 mg/m2, d1,d8. Other 50 patients were assigned into the control group which only accepted  gemcitabine  1 000 mg/m2, d1,d8,d15. Stereotactic body radiotherapy was delivered with a total dose of 4 0004 500 cGy in 10 fractions.  Results CT examinations were carried out 2 months after treatment. The response rate of the observation group and control group was 82% and 16% respectively, and the pain relief rate was 67% and 17% respectively. The time to progression of the observation group was 14 months, and was better than that of the control group（7.5 months,χ2= 7.31，P=0.032）.The median survival time of the observation group and control group was 15.8 months and 13.2 months, and the difference had no statistical significance(χ2= 3.28，P=0.082). Concolusion Stereotactic body radiotherapy combined with gemcitabine has a better overall response rate and a pain relief rate. It can prolong the time to progression, but can′t improve the overall survival. Related Articles | Metrics