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08 February 2014, Volume 41 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Molecular mechanisms of protease Nexin-1 on regulating tumorgenesis Xin Xiangke, Xu Danmei 2014, 41 (2):  81-84.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.001 Abstract ( 470 )   PDF (723KB) ( 1263 )   Save Protease nexin-1 (PN-1) is one of the most important members of Serpin superfamily. The abnormal expressions are observed in many human cancers,  such as pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, testicular cancer and so on. PN1 participates in tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and invasion by inhibiting multiple proteases and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathways and promotes tumor occurrence, development and metastasis. In prostate cancer particularly, PN1 inhibits tumor occurrence, development and metastasis by inhibiting urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), Hh signaling pathway and interacting with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in tumor progression Ma Ruijin, Yang Yu 2014, 41 (2):  84-87.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.002 Abstract ( 776 )   PDF (649KB) ( 1666 )   Save Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) as a cell stress, can be activated in a variety of cells and situations. In recent years, researches show that ERS exists in many kinds of tumor cells so as to play a number of roles in inducing cell apoptosis, autophagymediated apoptosis, immunogenic cell death, promoting tumor cell survival, regulating the cell cycle. So study on ERS is helpful to understand the development and the outcome of tumor. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Anti-tumor effects of galangin Su Lijuan, Zhang Haitao, Wu Jun 2014, 41 (2):  87-90.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.003 Abstract ( 708 )   PDF (650KB) ( 1458 )   Save Galangin is a natural flavonoid, extracted from the root of galangal, and it is an important medical composition of galangal. A lot of researches show that galangin possesses various biological activities, researchers also find it has many antitumor mechanisms, including inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis, accelerating autophagy and inhibiting metastasis of tumor cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Regulatory mechanisms of inflammation in epithelial mesenchymal transition Shan Zezhi, Yan Xuebing, Jin Zhiming 2014, 41 (2):  90-93.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.004 Abstract ( 747 )   PDF (650KB) ( 1600 )   Save Inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and development of tumor. Epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) acts as a critical molecular mechanism involved in the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumor. Mounting studies show that inflammation is related with EMT closely. In the inflammatory microenvironment, both cytokines and microbes take part in the regulation of EMT. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of Th22 cells and IL-22 in tumors Liu Guofang, Xiang Xiaoxing 2014, 41 (2):  93-96.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.005 Abstract ( 665 )   PDF (650KB) ( 1534 )   Save Th22 cells, a new subset of CD4+ Thelper cells, and is characterized by secreting interleukin (IL)22 but not IL17 or interferon (IFN)γ. Research shows that Th22 cells participate in the immunologic processes of autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases. Recent studies confirm that Th22 cells and related cytokines distribute and express in a verity of tumor tissues, but the conclusions of their repressive or stimulative functions in tumorigenesis are different. The studies on Th22 cell expression in tumors and its underlying mechanism can provide a theoretical basis for specific targeted tumor therapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Anti-tumor mechanisms of oleanolic acid Huang Xuexiang, Yang Yu 2014, 41 (2):  96-99.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.006 Abstract ( 737 )   PDF (650KB) ( 1313 )   Save Oleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, possesses a variety of pharmacological activities, such as hepatoprotective effect, antiinflammatory, enhancing immunity. Recently, many studies show that OA has inhibitory effects on the growth of many tumors and is a kind of potential antitumor drug. Its antitumor mechanisms mainly include regulating signaling pathway, arresting cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, antiangiogenesis, inhibiting tumor invasion and so on. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical application of circulating tumor cells detection Li Pang, Gao Jie, Li Sheng 2014, 41 (2):  99-102.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.007 Abstract ( 591 )   PDF (650KB) ( 1467 )   Save irculating tumor cell (CTC) count is widely recognized in determining tumor stage, assessing prognosis, monitoring therapy response. But a lot of researches and clinical experiments are needed to establish a standardized evaluation system. Molecular detection of CTC not only can improve the CTC count, but also have immense potential for the auxiliary diagnosis and individual treatment of tumors and significance for understanding the biological behavior of tumor metastasis. It will become the hot spot of future research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Factors related to distant metastasis and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma Zhang Hanwen, Peng Xun 2014, 41 (2):  103-106.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.008 Abstract ( 608 )   PDF (651KB) ( 1276 )   Save Distant metastasis is the main cause of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Clinical relevant factors such as age, gender, tumor staging can affect the distant metastasis and prognosis of NPC. Molecular markers of NPC distant metastasis include EB virus DNA, p53, epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor, which are expected to become the biological indicators of NPC prognosis. In addition, the pathological classification and the treatment means are also the affecting factors for NPC prognosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cyberknife treatment for nonsmall cell lung cancer Yu Xiao, Wang Yanming 2014, 41 (2):  107-109.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.009 Abstract ( 507 )   PDF (639KB) ( 1377 )   Save Surgery is the main treatment means for early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), radiotherapy is the alternative choice for the patient who has surgical contraindications or rejects operation. Cyberknife is a new stereotactic radiotherapy, which has two functions: radiosurgery and radiotherapy. Cyberknife has a remarkable clinical result in the treatment of NSCLC by using realtime image guidance system and breathing tracking system to provide highdose and highprecision irradiation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Fertility preservation of young patients with breast cancer Duan Jiajun 2014, 41 (2):  110-112.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.010 Abstract ( 574 )   PDF (633KB) ( 1277 )   Save It is an important problem to preserve fertility of young patients with breast cancer, which infects the life quality of patients. But fertility after treatment has an impact on longterm survival, so the appropriate pregnancy time should be chosen carefully. The fertility of breast canser patient suffers all kinds of damage after systemic therapy. At the present stage, the measures of fertility protection include application of gonadotropinreleasing hormone analogue, embryo cryopreservation, oocyte cryopreservation and ovarian tissue cryopreservation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Targeted therapy combined with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer Zhou Ning, Zhu Yuan, Luo Jialin 2014, 41 (2):  113-116.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.011 Abstract ( 521 )   PDF (648KB) ( 1450 )   Save Neoadujuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision (TME) is the standard treatment modality for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Targeted drugs in LARC neoadjuvant therapy are well tolerated and safety, but compared with conventional neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate is not increased. Large sample randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the effects of targeted drugs in the neoadjuvant treatment of LARC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Aurora A kinase and gynecological tumors Wang Kaiyue, Zhou Huaijun 2014, 41 (2):  117-120.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.012 Abstract ( 567 )   PDF (647KB) ( 1410 )   Save Aurora A is a key serine/threonine kinase regulating cell cycle, which is involved in various procedures of mitosis, strictly depending on cell cycle. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of AURKA gene and the aberrant expression of its encoding product Aurora A kinase are often closely related with the tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis of gynecological tumors, such as ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer and sarcoma of uterus. Aurora A has become an ideal target for the targeted therapy of gynecological tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Genetic differences of prostate cancer between Eastern and Western population Zhang Yanling, Ren Guoping 2014, 41 (2):  120-123.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.013 Abstract ( 563 )   PDF (649KB) ( 1406 )   Save Morbidity and mortality of prostate cancer vary widely between Eastern and Western population, which is mainly due to genetic factors. In order to further explore the different mechanisms of occurrence and development of prostate cancer, the prostate cancer susceptibility genes, such as RNASEL, ELAC2, PTEN, MSR1 and TMPRSS2ERG are selected, and the genotype and allele distribution differences among Hispanic whites, African American, European, Chinese and Japanese are compared. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical research for intramedullary spinal cord metastases Li Ruijian, Yu Liang 2014, 41 (2):  124-126.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.014 Abstract ( 594 )   PDF (636KB) ( 1591 )   Save Intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM) is infrequently observed clinically, spreading mainly from lung cancer and breast cancer, and they can occur in any location of the spinal cord, with weakness and sensory alteration or loss presenting in most patients. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most effective and noninvasive technique for diagnosis until now. The optimal treatment for ISCM remains controversial, and surgical excision and radiotherapy are the most common recommendations. Regardless of the treatment, its prognosis is poor now, with the median survival time 4-9 months. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Virus and malignant lymphoma Wu Xia, Wang Yunsheng, Deng Fang 2014, 41 (2):  127-130.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.015 Abstract ( 603 )   PDF (649KB) ( 1293 )   Save Virus infection is a major cause of lymphoma. Research shows that EpsteinBarr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus involve in the occurrence and development of lymphoma through different ways and mechanisms. It is important significance that viral infection research elucidates the molecular mechanisms of lymphoma and explores therapy ways. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Diagnostic significance of the quantity of serum DNA hTERT in glioma Lyu Chenglin, Cui Yuguang, Shi Wei, Chen Jian 2014, 41 (2):  131-134.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.016 Abstract ( 498 )   PDF (1009KB) ( 1369 )   Save Objective To analyze the content of the cellfree DNA human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in serum from patients with different grade glioma and its correlation with clinicalpathological parameters. Methods DNA was extracted from the serum of 70 patients with glioma and of 22 healthy controls with the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit. The quantity of serum DNA hTERT was determined using realtime quantitative PCR and the difference was compared. The survival time of glioma patient was followed up and the relation between the quantity of serum DNA hTERT and survival time was analyzed. Results The level of serum DNA hTERT in glioma group was significantly higher than that in control group (107.41 ng/ml∶34.79 ng/ml, P＜0.01). The level of DNA hTERT in serum of high grade glioma group was significantly higher than that of low grade group (131.76 ng/ml∶85.89 ng/ml, P=0.010). The patients were followed up for 1 year, of which 55 survived, 10 patients died, 5 patients were lost. The level of DNA hTERT in serum before operation in death group was higher than that in survival group (126.98 ng/ml∶88.21 ng/ml, P=0.016). The content of serum DNA hTERT was analyzed using ROC curve, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.966. Conclusion Quantification of serum DNA hTERT is valuable in screening, early diagnosis, determining the malignant degree and monitoring progression of gliomas. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Role of FOXM1 expression inbibition regulated by thiostrepton in the proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer cells Gong Xiaodi, Yuan Haihua, Wang Jiongyi, Guo Yuehui, Kong Feifei, Jiang Bin 2014, 41 (2):  135-140.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.017 Abstract ( 620 )   PDF (1249KB) ( 1344 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of thiostrepton (TST) on cell proliferation, apoptosis and the chemosensitivity of nonsmall cell cancer (NSCLC) cell lines A549 to AG1478 (EGFRTKI). MethodsNSCLC cell A549 was treated with TST, AG1478 or the combination of the two drugs. CCK8 cell viability assay was performed to determine the relative growth suppression rate of A549 cell. The expression level of forkhead transcription factors M1 (FOXM1) was studied by western blot. Caspase3 colorimetric assay was employed to evaluate the effect of TST on Caspase3 activity. A siRNA targeting FOXM1 was designed and transfected into A549 cells. RTPCR and western blot were used to examine the expressions of FOXM1 and proliferation and apoptosis related molecules. ResultsTST increased the chemosensitivity of A59 cells to AG1478, a kind of moleculartargeted agent to advanced lung cancer, which made the IC50 value reduce from (4.35±0.45) μmol/L to (0.73±0.05) μmol/L (t=11.02, P＜0.05). Besides, TST inhibited the expressions of FOXM1 and its effectors including cMyc, Cyclin B1 and Bcl2, while upregulated P21, Cleaved Caspase3 and Cleaved PARP. Meanwhile, TST improved the activity of Caspase3, which showed time and dosedependent effects. FOXM1 siRNA changes the expression of the downstream effectors such as cMyc, Cyclin B1, Bcl2, P21 and  Cleaved PARP, which was similar to the effect of TST. Also, the fluorescent expression of Cleaved Caspase3 significantly increased in A549 cells. ConclusionTST can significantly inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis by downregulating the expression of FOXM1, and then increase chemosensitivity of A549 cell to AG1478. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Molecular classification characteristics and clinicalpathological observation of breast medullary carcinoma Yang Yongjun, Zhang Xiulin, Wang Zuojun, Liu Jingfeng 2014, 41 (2):  140-143.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.018 Abstract ( 765 )   PDF (652KB) ( 1467 )   Save Objective To explore the characteristics and clinical significance of molecular subtypes and immunophenotypes of breast medullary carcinoma (MC). Methods Molecular classification was performed in 29 specimens of MC and 180 middlehigh level invasive carcinomas of no specific type (NST) based on the expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) and Ki-67 with immunohistochemical method. The expressions of Ecadherin, P53, Ki-67 and CD57 in basallike subtype carcinoma of two groups and the clinicalpathological features were analyzed retrospectively. Results The basal-like subtype carcinoma accounted for 58.6% (17/29) and 12.2% (22/180) in MC and NST group respectively. There were no statistical differences in the expressions of Ecadherin, P53 and Ki-67 between the two groups of basallike subtype carcinoma (P＞0.05). The CD57 positive expression rates of the two groups were 88.2% (15/17) and 31.8% (7/22), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). The lymph node metastasis rates were lower, and the distant metastasis rate was 23.5% (4/17) in MC group and 68.2% (15/22) in NST group, which showed statistical difference (P=0.01). Conclusion In breast tumor, MC is less common, and its histological grade is high, and basal-like subtype is in the majority. This subtype in MC shows better prognosis than other basallike subtype carcinomas and lymphocytes infiltration in the stroma may be an important factor. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Screen peptides specifically bonding to MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells Kong Mian, Li Baojiang, Wang Junye, Cao Kaiyuan, Lin Yu, Dai Shuqin 2014, 41 (2):  144-147.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.019 Abstract ( 552 )   PDF (951KB) ( 1566 )   Save Objective To screen phage clones which can specific binding to MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells from phage random 12 peptide library by phage display technology. Methods Agminated positive monoclonal phage was selected from phage random 12 peptide library, using normal mammary gland cells as subtract screening cells and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells as target cells. The specificity and affinity of the positive clones were identified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and DAB dyeing. Results Eleven clones were chosen after 3 rounds of screening. ELISA showed the affinity to breast cancer cells of NO.8 phage (named LK-8) was 6.5 times higher than that in control group, immunohistochemistry also showed NO.8 phage had a high specificity bonding to breast cancer cells. Conclusion A specific phage (LK-8) bonding to MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells is screened successfully using phage display technology, and it lays the foundation for compounding specific polypeptide to diagnose and treat breast cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expressions of IL-6 and IL-8 in normal gastric tissue, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer Zhao Zhiwei, Piao Daxun, Jiang Tao, Zhang Zhenan, Wang Jianbing, Jing Qiongyou 2014, 41 (2):  147-149.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.020 Abstract ( 723 )   PDF (824KB) ( 1346 )   Save Objective To investigate the expressions of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 in normal gastric tissue, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. Methods The plasma expressions of IL-6, IL-8 were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay in 33 normal controls, 30 gastric ulcer patients and 52 gastric cancer patients (preparing for the surgery), and the expressions of IL-6, IL-8 were followed up at the first week after operation. The expressions of IL-6, IL-8 in 45 normal mucosa tissues, 35 gastric ulcer tissues and 45 gastric cancer tissues were determined by immunohistochemical method. Results The plasma expression levels of IL-6, IL-8 were significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer (preoperation and postoperation) than normal controls and gastric ulcer patients(all P＜0.01), however the expression levels decreased after operation (P＜0.01). The positive expression rates of IL-6, IL-8 increased in turn in normal tissues, gastric ulcer tissues and gastric cancer tissues, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =38.87, P＜0.01; χ2 =42.23, P＜0.01). Conclusion IL-6 and IL-8 are excessive expressed in the plasma and pathological tissue of gastric cancer patient, and the detection of IL-6 and IL-8 contributes to the judgment of patient′s  condition and prognosis estimation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Risk of colorectal tumor after negative baseline screening colonoscopy Wang Yuling, Yu Enda, Qian Wei, Yang Fan, Zhu Wei, Zhang Yongzheng, Li Zhaoshen, Cai Quancai 2014, 41 (2):  150-154.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.021 Abstract ( 661 )   PDF (653KB) ( 1430 )   Save Objective To review the following colonoscopy of negative baseline screening colonoscopy crowd, and to explore the risk of colorectal tumor at different time intervals in different gender, age and risk levels. MethodsWith bicohort study design, selfmade questionnaire was used to survey the following colonoscopy of the asymptomatic averagerisk population with negative baseline screening colonoscopy from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2005. The survey contents included all the following colonoscopy, the risk stratification factors of colorectal cancer (age, gender, smoking status, history of diabetes, green vegetables intake, pickled food intake, fried smoked food intake, white meat intake). The life table survival analysis method was used to study the cumulative risk of colorectal tumor in different gender, age, risk levels. ResultsFour hundred and fiftyfive cases were included, and there were 91 cases of colorectal polyp, 24 cases of adenoma and 9 cases of advanced tumor. The cumulative prevalence rates of colorectal polyp, adenoma and advanced tumor during 5 years for negative baseline screening colonoscopy crowd were 11.9%, 4.2% and 2.0% respectively. The cumulative prevalence rate of advanced tumor during 12 years was 3.9%. The risk of colorectal polyp of men was higher than that of female (χ2=8.142, P=0.004). The risk of colorectal polyp of ≥60 years group was higher than that of ＜60 years group (χ2=6.321, P=0.012). The risk of colorectal polyp of high risk group was higher than that of low risk group (χ2=4.082, P=0.043). ConclusionIn the negative baseline screening colonoscopy crowd, 5year cumulative prevalence rates of colorectal polyp, adenoma, advanced tumor are low, and 12year cumulative prevalence rate of colorectal advanced tumor is low too. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Correlation research of VEGF in serum and curative effect and prognosis of nonHodgkin lymphoma Liu Ying, Cheng Ying 2014, 41 (2):  154-157.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.02.022 Abstract ( 597 )   PDF (746KB) ( 1252 )   Save Objective To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)  in nonHodgkin′s lymphoma (NHL) and its correlation with chemotherapy effect and prognosis, further to study the possibility that VEGF can be as the biomarker of prognosis and efficacy prediction for NHL. MethodsThe levels of VEGF in 60 NHL patients were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay before and after treatment. The relationships between the levels of VEGF and effects and overall survival were observed. The VEGF levels of 20 healthy person as control group were detected. ResultsThe average level of VEGF in NHL patients was (338.64±259.31) pg/ml, which was significantly higher than that of normal control (72.57±26.16) pg/ml (t=7.829, P=0.000). Serum VEGF level in NHL patients was relative to the international prognostic index (IPI) and extracapsular extension (t=-3.747, P=0.002; t=-3.000, P=0.005). There was no correlation with age, sex, stage and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS). After treatment the VEGF level was significantly lower in the patients who achieved partial and complete remission (PR and CR) (t=2.729, P=0.010). There was no significant correlation between VEGF level and survival time (t=-0.563, P=0.577). ConclusionThe serum VEGF level of initial treatment patient with nonHodgkin′s lymphoma is higher than normal control, especially relates with the IPI and the number of extranodal extension. The changes of serum VEGF level associate with chemotherapeutic effect, but have no obvious correlation with survival time. References | Related Articles | Metrics