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08 September 2016, Volume 43 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study of transferrin modified doxorubicin liposome targeted to inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells FAN Hua, LIU Min-Li, CHANG Qi, LIU Yong-Feng, SUN Xue-Jun, ZHANG Sheng-Jun 2016, 43 (8):  641-645.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.001 Abstract ( 452 )   PDF (1113KB) ( 1220 )   Save 【Abstract】ObjectiveTo modified doxorubicin liposome with transferrin（TF）, and to investigate its inhibition efficacy on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells. MethodsThe liposome was prepared by thin film ultrasonic, and doxorubicin liposomal was prepared by sulfuric acid gradient. The TFdoxorubicin liposome was prepared by the post insertion method. The uptake of TFliposomal doxorubicin on breast cancer cells MCF7 and MDAMB231 were detected by confocal microscopy. The killing ability of TFdoxorubicin liposomal targeting for MCF7 and MDAMB231 were detected by MTT assay. Inhibitory effect of TFdoxorubicin liposome on the growth of MCF7 and MDAMB231 were detected by soft agar colony assay. ResultsConfocal microscopy result showed that the uptake of TFliposomal doxorubicin on MCF7 and MDAMB231 were significantly higher than doxorubicin liposomal. Cellkilling ability on MCF7 and MDAMB231 showed that the IC50 in TFliposomal doxorubicin ［MCF7 cells:（20.8±3.2）μmol/L; MDAMB231 cells:（20.1±3.0）μmol/L）］ were significantly lower than the liposomal ［（158.6±24.6）μmol/L; （160.1±25.1）μmol/L）］ and free doxorubicin ［（161.7±26.2）μmol/L;（166.9±27.0）μmol/L）］, with significant differences（F=116.03，P<0.001; F=75.29， P<0.001）. Soft agar colony assay showed that the inhibition of TFdoxorubicin liposome on colony growth were significantly higher than doxorubicin liposome, free doxorubicin and control ［diameter of MDAMB231 cells:（60.5±10.4）μm, （94.3±16.8）μm, （131.8±22.6）μm, （162.8±30.3）μm; diameter of MCF7 cells:（31.8±5.5）μm, （62.1±11.1）μm, （108.6±18.6）μm, 157.4±29.3）μm］ , with significant differences (F=87.17， P＜0.000 1；  F=178.23， P＜0.000 1). ConclusionTFdoxorubicin liposome has a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro, and can effectively and specifically kill the breast cancer cells, which provides theoretical basis for the treatment of breast cancer in vivo. Related Articles | Metrics

Construction of colonic cancer drugresistant cell line COLO and its relationship with tumor stem cells GAN Ya-Ping, GUO Xiao-Hua, ZHANG Jun-Yu, XU Qing-Qing, WU Jiang, WANG Ren-Yong, QIU Min, JIANG Ru-Gang, LIU Fu-Xing, NING Zhi-Feng 2016, 43 (8):  646-650.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.002 Abstract ( 398 )   PDF (867KB) ( 1247 )   Save 【Abstract】ObjectiveTo construct a colon cancer chemotherapyresistant cell line COLO, and study its characteristics and its relationship with tumor stem cells. MethodsWe constructed two 5fluorouraci (5FU)resistant colon cancer cell line COLO/5FU1 and COLO/5FU2, which were resistant to 0.10 μmol/ml and 0.20 μmol/ml 5FU respectively through gradiently increased drug concentration. The characteristics of 5FUresistant cell lines were compared with parental colon cancer cell line COLO related to proliferation, colony forming ability, migration and invasion, sphere forming ability, expression of stemness genes and cross drugresistance. ResultsIn the cell viability assay, 4 days after regular training, the absorbancy of colon cancer 5FUresistant cell lines COLO/5FU2, COLO/5FU1 and parental colon cancer cell line COLO were 0.61±0.13, 0.54±0.07 and 0.41±0.09 respectively, with significant difference (F=63.43, P=0.033). With the increased concentration of 5FU, 5FUresistant cell lines presented increasing clonality. The cloning efficiency of COLO/5FU2, COLO/5FU1 and parental colon cancer cell line COLO were (87.6±12.7)%, (65.3±9.7)% and (38.5±7.6)% respectively, with significant difference (F=33.64, P=0.017). In each high power field of vision, the cell numbers of migration through the basement membrane of COLO/5FU2, COLO/5FU1 and parental colon cancer cell line COLO were 482±39, 434±45 and 373±38 respectively; and the cell numbers of invasion through the basement membrane were 174±42, 112±31 and 87±29 respectively, with significant differences (F=109.61, P=0.009; F=67.31, P=0.032). Compared with parental colon cancer cell line COLO, 5FUresistant cell lines had higher expression of stemness genes (F=47.31, P=0.042). 5FUresistant cell lines were crossresistant to other chemotherapeutic drugs such as mitoxantrone. For example, after incubation for 96 hours, inhibition rate of mitoxantrone to parent colon cancer cell line COLO was higher significantly than COLO/5FU1 and COLO/5FU2 (0.749±0.042, 0.423±0.024, 0.342±0.018), with significant difference (F=12.61, P=0.028). The microsphere forming rates of COLO/5FU2, COLO/5FU1 and parental colon cancer cell line COLO were (8.90±0.97)%, (6.20±0.75)% and (3.90±0.32)% respectively, with significant difference (F=164.32, P=0.006). ConclusionColon cancer drugresistant cell line COLO possess tumor stem celllike characteristics, which are enriched in cancer stem cells. Related Articles | Metrics

Relationships between androgen receptor expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis of earlyonset breast cancer in Xinjiang LI Jun-Ting, ZHANG Yin-Hua, ZHAO Feng 2016, 43 (8):  651-654.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.003 Abstract ( 384 )   PDF (907KB) ( 1043 )   Save 【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the relationships between androgen receptor (AR) expression and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of young patients (age≤35 years) with earlyonset breast cancer in Xinjiang. MethodsOne hundred and fortyfive young patients (age≤35 years) with invasive breast cancer who underwent surgery in Affiliated Cancer Hospital of of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2010 to December 2012 were collected. The expressions of AR in 145 patiens with earlyonset breast cancer were detected by immunohistochemical method. The relationships between AR expression and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with earlyonset breast cancer were retrospective analysed. ResultsThe positive rate of AR expression of patients with earlyonset breast cancer in Xinjiang was 69.0% (100/145). Single factor analysis showed that AR expression was related with neurovascular invasion (χ2=5.309, P=0.021) and lymph node metastasis (χ2=6.073, P=0.014), but it was not related with ethnicity (χ2=0.097, P=0.755), age (χ2=0.045, P=0.831), feeding history (χ2=0.066, P=0.797), family history of cancer (P=0.556), histological grade (P=0.469), tumor size (χ2=1.006, P=0.605) and clinical stage (χ2=4.381, P=0.223). The median followup time was 47 months. There was no significant difference between AR expression and diseasefree survival of patients with earlyonset breast cancer (χ2=1.972, P=0.160). ConclusionEarlyonset breast cancer patients with AR positive are more likely to appear lymph node metastasis and neurovascular invasion than the patients with AR negative, which has certain guidance means for the treatment of earlyonset breast cancer with lymph node metastasis positive. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and significance of MET gene in nonsmall cell lung cancer WANG Bo, WANG Hui, QI Kang, ZHANG Lian-Bin 2016, 43 (8):  655-658.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.004 Abstract ( 497 )   PDF (709KB) ( 1101 )   Save 【Abstract】ObjectiveTo detect the mRNA expression of mesenchymalepithelial transition factor (MET) gene in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to investigate the relationship and clinical significance between the mRNA expression of MET gene and clinical pathological characteristics. MethodsFrom June 2011 to November 2013, 48 patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC in Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital were selected. All patients included in the study were not treated before surgery. The branched DNA liquid chip technology was used to detect mRNA expression of MET gene in tumor tissues. The relationship between mRNA expression of MET gene and clinical pathological characteristics was analyzed. ResultsThe constituent ratios of low, moderate and high mRNA expression level of MET gene were 22.9%, 50.0% and 27.1% respectively, mainly for the moderate expression. The mRNA expression of MET gene was related to the pathologic type (χ2=7.183, P=0.020) and TNM stage (χ2=24.566, P=0.017) of the patients; but it was not related to the gender (χ2=0.566, P=0.754), age (χ2=1.857, P=0.395), smoking history (χ2=4.959, P=0.084), degrees of differentiation (χ2=5.749, P=0.067), lymph node metastasis (χ2=1.631, P=0.442) and distant metastasis (χ2=4.261, P=0.119). ConclusionmRNA expression of MET gene is more likely to present moderate and higher level in NSCLC patients. MET gene can also be used as a biomarker for judging tumor pathological type. Related Articles | Metrics

Comparison of clinical efficacy of gefitinib and erlotinib treating nonsmallcell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in either exon 19 or 21 SHEN Jie, LI Yi-Rong, GAO Yuan, GAO Hui, BAI Lu 2016, 43 (8):  659-663.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.005 Abstract ( 528 )   PDF (880KB) ( 1371 )   Save 【Abstract】ObjectiveTo compare the clinical outcomes of gefitinib and erlotinib treating nonsmallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in either exon 19 or 21. MethodsA total of 242 patients diagnosed as NSCLC with EGFR mutation in either exon 19 or 21 from May 2013 to December 2014 in our hospital were chosen in this study. According to age, sex, smoking history, eastern cooperative oncology group performance status and types of EGFR mutation, all the patients were matched to 121 pairs, and randomly divided into group A and B. Patients in group A received gefitinib treatment, and those in group B received erlotinib treatment. Based on the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST), overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progressionfree survival (PFS) were assessed. To assess the independent risk factors for PFS by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The subgroup analysis was performed for the 63 NSCLC patients using these two drugs as the firstline treatment. To evaluate the adverse drug reactions and quality of life between A and B groups. ResultsThe median PFS of group A and B were 11.6 months and 9.5 months， respectively, with no significant difference (HR=0.39, P＞0.05). The ORR and DCR in the two groups were 76.9%, 74.4% (χ2=1.03, P=0.58) and 90.1%, 86.8% (χ2=1.46, P=0.31). The independent risk factors of poor PFS were ECOG PS≥2 (HR=2.60, 95%CI：1.54-4.43, P=0.001) and nonadenocarcinoma (HR=3.61, 95%CI：1.548.66, P=0.003). For patients receiving these two drugs as the firstline treatment, there was no significant difference between two groups in overall response rates (76.6% vs. 90.2%, χ2=0.83, P=0.12) and median PFS (11.6 months vs. 14.4 months, HR=0.59, P＞0.05). The adverse drug reactions were significant differences in emotion function (F=10.27, P=0.03), diarrhea (F=10.24, P=0.03) and pain (F=9.02, P=0.04). After receiving drug treatment, the quality of life scores were improved, and most of the differences were statistically significant between A and B groups(P＜0.05). ConclusionAs for NSCLC with EGFR mutation in either exon 19 or 21, both gefitinib and erlotinib are well tolerated and have similar clinical effectiveness. Related Articles | Metrics

Expressions and clinicopathological significances of BMI1 and PADI4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma JI Huai-Jun, LIU Peng, ZHEN Tian-Chang, SU Gong-Zhang, SUN Ning-Bo, JIANG Zhong-Min 2016, 43 (8):  664-668.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.006 Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (940KB) ( 911 )   Save 【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate the expression levels of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) and Bcells pecific Moloney leukemia virus insert site1 (BMI1) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and pericarcinous tissues. To explore the function and clinical significance in the development of ESCC and their association. MethodsThe expression levels of PADI4 and BMI1 were measured by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and quantitative real time PCR in ESCC tissues and pericarcinous tissues from 86 patients. The relationships between the expressions of PADI4 and BMI1 and the clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed. ResultsThe immunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of PADI4 and BMI1 in ESCC tissues (68.6% and 73.3%) were significantly higher than those in pericarcinous tissues (37.2% and 30.2%, χ2=17.011, P=0.000; χ2=31.876, P=0.000). Western blotting indicated that the levels of PADI4 and BMI1 were higher than those in pericarcinous tissues (0.919±0.098 vs. 0.718±0.103, t=2.462, P=0.021; 0.975±0.074 vs. 0.717±0.071, t=2.640, P=0.014). The expressions of BMI1 and PADI4 mRNA in ESCC tissues were higher than those in pericarcinous tissues, but the differences were not statistically significant (0.091±0.005 vs. 0.038±0.002, t=1.701, P=0.101; 0.114±0.075 vs. 0.048±0.003, t=1.499, P=0.146) by the quantitative real time PCR. The expression of PADI4 was correlated with lymph node metastasis (χ2=5.771, P=0.016), depth of invasion (χ2=6.672, P=0.010) and clinical stage (χ2=5.771, P=0.016). The BMI1 gene expression had a correlation with lymph node metastasis (χ2=7.176, P=0.007), the differentiation degree (χ2=13.787, P=0.001) and clinical stage (χ2=7.176, P=0.007). In addition, there was a positive correlation between PADI4 and BMI1 expression in ESCC by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time PCR (r=0.214, P=0.047; r=0.534, P=0.005). ConclusionThe expression levels of PADI4 and BMI1 are significantly higher in ESCC compared to pericarcinous tissues. PADI4 and BMI1 are positively correlated and may contribute to the diagnosis and prognosis of the ESCC. Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical observation of raltitrexed combined with irinotecan as firstline chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer ZHANG Min, LU Wei-Dong, XU Zhen, WANG Shao-Kai, ZUO Yun 2016, 43 (8):  669-672.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.007 Abstract ( 675 )   PDF (845KB) ( 1240 )   Save 【Abstract】ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and adverse reaction of raltitrexed combined with irinotecan as firstline chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer.  MethodsFrom January 2014 to March 2015, 39 patients of recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer who received treatment in the First People′s Hospital of Zhangjiagang of Jiangsu Province were collected. All patients received raltitrexed (3.0 mg/m2, 15 min intravenous drip) on the first day and irinotecan (180.0 mg/m2, 90 min intravenous drip) on the first day. One cycle lasted 21 days. The efficacies were evaluated every 2cycle. Adverse reactions were evaluated every cycle. ResultsThe efficacies and adverse reactions could be evaluated in 39 patients. The study received 0 complete remission, 16 partial remission, 11 stable disease, 12 progression disease. The objective response rate was 41.03% (16/39). The disease control rate was 69.23% (27/39). The median overall survival time was 9.3 months (95%CI: 8.811.1 months). The median progressionfree survival time was 6.0 months (95%CI: 5.16.8 months). The adverse reactions were mainly neutropenia, anemia, liver dysfunction, the incidence of them were 35.90%, 33.33% and 28.21% respectively. ConlusionRaltitrexed combined with irinotecan as firstline chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer acquires an definite efficacy, and the adverse reactions can be tolerated, which is worthy of further clinical research.【Key words】Stomach neoplasms; Drug therapy; Raltitrexed; Irinotecan Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and role of SPARCL1 gene in tumor ZHAO Shu-Jie, ZHOU Dong 2016, 43 (8):  673-675.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.008 Abstract ( 573 )   PDF (700KB) ( 1307 )   Save 【Abstract】Abnormal expression of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine like 1 (SPARCL1) gene is closely related to the development, metastasis and prognosis of a variety of tumors. Recent studies show that SPARCL1 gene is high expressed in glioma. The protein product of SPARCL1 gene encoded can interact with collagen, thus affecting the metastasis ability of tumor, which is positively correlated with tumor malignant degree. SPARCL1 gene is low expressed in gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer, which is negatively correlated with the invasion and metastasis abilities of tumors. At present, the role of specific molecular mechanisms of SPARCL1 gene remains controversial. The expressions and functions of SPARCL1gene in tumor tissues seem to depend on the tumor microenvironment. Related Articles | Metrics

Relationship among pyroptosis, inflammasome and tumor WANG Jing-Xia, GUO Xiao-Dong 2016, 43 (8):  676-680.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.009 Abstract ( 757 )   PDF (719KB) ( 3218 )   Save Pyroptosis is a new way of programmed cell death, a number of researches have found that it is associated with a variety of diseases. Inflammasome and caspase protein family play key roles in regulating pyroptosis.Intracellular pattern recognition receptor oligomers under external stimulus, then assemble with apoptotic specklike protein containing a caspase recruitment domain and caspase precursor into inflammatory complex body,thus activation of caspase can induce pyroptosis. While as the upstream regulation mechanism of pyroptosis,inflammasome might be "double edged sword" for tumor growth.On the one hand, inflammasome can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells by inducing pyroptosis; on the other hand, the cumulative effect of the inflammsome can also form a suitable microenvironment for tumor cells and promote tumor growth. Related Articles | Metrics

Roles of microRNAs in the antitumor effects of metformin YANG Li-Bo, LYU Xiao-Hong , WU Shun, YUE Feng, ZHANG Tie 2016, 43 (8):  681-683.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.010 Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (702KB) ( 993 )   Save Recent epidemiologic data indicate that metfomin has an antitumor effect. However, the underlying antitumor mechanisms remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can exhibit prooncogenic or antioncogenic effects by regulating the differentiation and proliferation of cells. In vitro studies show that metformin can regulate the expressions of multiple miRNAs which are closely associated with tumor development, a process possibly relating to the anticancer roles of metformin. Related Articles | Metrics

Neoplasms chemosensitization enhancing effects of nitric oxide donor compounds ZHANG Cai-Xia, LIU Yang-Yun 2016, 43 (8):  684-687.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.011 Abstract ( 392 )   PDF (715KB) ( 1518 )   Save The chemosensitivity enhancive mechanism on nitric oxide includes three routes: adjust the expression level of hypoxiainducible factor1α (HIF1α）, classical nitric oxide signal pathway and combine with the reaction products of other molecules. Traditional nitric oxide donor compounds include nitroferricyanide, organic nitrates, snitrosothiols, azo onium diol aldoxide, nonsteroids antiinflammatory drugs, whose function of antitumor and chemotherapy sensitization caused extensive attention. Related Articles | Metrics

Behavior of cancers evolution ZHANG Bai-Hong, YUE Hong-Yun 2016, 43 (8):  688-690.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.012 Abstract ( 596 )   PDF (704KB) ( 1510 )   Save Cancers evolution is a process of clonal selection, cell competition and clonal expansion. Cancers evolution includes cancer memory, heterogeneity, resistance, transformation and adaption et al. This evolution enables cancer cells to adapt to any hostile environment and to survive. An understanding of cancers evolution will provide a theoretical guidance for the implementation of the precision therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

Models and mechanisms of collective cell migration in cancer XUE Tong-Chun, YE Sheng-Long 2016, 43 (8):  691-694.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.013 Abstract ( 340 )   PDF (709KB) ( 1784 )   Save Collective migration is the essential movement style in embryonic development. Recent studies have found that collective migration is one of the main movement styles in invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Tumor cells can invade into the stroma and microvascular in group, and the collective migration shows the unique characters when compared to the single cell movement. The potential mechanisms are closely correlated to the cellcell connection and interaction between tumor cells and microenvironment. With the gradual improvement of the observation models, the mechanisms about the physical or chemical guidance, the related signaling pathways, and the epigenetic regulation in collective migration will be elucidated. Related Articles | Metrics

Research in thyroid carcinoma related factors YUAN Si-Jie, LONG Jian-Hong 2016, 43 (8):  695-698.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.014 Abstract ( 429 )   PDF (769KB) ( 961 )   Save Recent studies have revealed that obease increases the risk of differentated thyroid carcinoma (DTC); iodine increases the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma wheras decreases the risk of follicular thyroid carcinoma; vitamin D decreases the risk of DTC, but there are not enough evidences to prove that vitamin A, C and E can decrease the risk of DTC; alcohol may decrease the risk of DTC, but the mechanism is still unknown; xenobiotics increases the risk of DTC. It is essential for DTC prevention to clarify the protection and risk factors. Related Articles | Metrics

Relationship between abnormal activation of HGF/cMet signaling pathway and EGFRTKI acquired resistance in nonsmall cell lung cancer NIE Lin, XU Yu-Qing 2016, 43 (8):  703-705.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.016 Abstract ( 420 )   PDF (703KB) ( 1353 )   Save Targeted therapy such as the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFRTKI) has made huge progress in treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the emergence of acquired drug resistance is an inevitable result of the targeted therapy. The hepatocyte growth factor/cmesenchymalepithelial transition factor (HGF/cMet) signaling pathway participates in cell formation, migration, angiogenesis and other important cellular processes of multiple tumors. The abnormal activation of this signaling pathway plays the pivotal role in the acquired resistance to EGFRTKI. Recently, some clinic trials prove that HGF/cMet inhibitors can make clinical benefit of some NSCLC patients with acquired drug resistance of EGFRTKI. Related Articles | Metrics

Long noncoding RNA in digestive system tumors PAN Lei, LIANG Wei, FU Min, QIAN Hui, XU Wen-Rong, JIANG Peng-Cheng, ZHANG Xu 2016, 43 (8):  706-710.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.017 Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (721KB) ( 1194 )   Save Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of RNA molecules that longer than 200 nucleotides. lncRNA is lack of functional open reading frames and has no protein coding ability. Recently, accumulating evidences indicate that lncRNA plays active roles in tumor carcinogenesis and progression. The aberrant expression of lncRNA is significantly correlated with the growth, metastasis, and therapyresistance of digestive system tumors. Thus, lncRNA may be served as new targets for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with digestive system tumors. Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of thalidomide in usual nonhematologic malignancies LEI Lei, WANG Xian, WANG Xiao-Jia 2016, 43 (8):  711-714.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.018 Abstract ( 527 )   PDF (710KB) ( 1246 )   Save Thalidomide has antitumor effects such as antitumor angiogenesis, improvement of immune function and cachexia of patients with advanced tumors, which has been effectively used in elderly patients with castrationresistant prostate cancer, chemotherapy resistant advanced colorectal cancer, advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic breast cancer. As the indepth study of the antitumor mechanism of thalidomide, more and more clinical researches have focused on the function of thalidomide on nonhematological malignancies, especially it has obtained some achivements in the postoperative adjuvant therapy for highrisk colorectal cancer and primary hepatocellular carcinoma and the salvage therapy for metastatic triplenegative breast cancer and refractory gynecological tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

Changes of bone marrow microenvironment of myelodysplastic syndromes SHEN Na, LI Qing, CHENG Fan-Jun 2016, 43 (8):  715-717.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.09.019 Abstract ( 527 )   PDF (703KB) ( 1125 )   Save Bone marrow microenvironment is a complex network consisting of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), nonhematopoietic cells, extracellular matrix and various cytokines. Its components interact to support normal hematopoiesis. Emerging evidence indicates that the dysfunction of mesenchymal stem cells, myeloidderived suppressor cells, cytokines and the epigenetic alterations of HSPCs in the bone marrow microenvironment could influence normal hematopoiesis. Abnormal hematopoiesis contributes to the occurrence of hematological malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Animal models have confirmed that bone marrow microenvironment plays an important role in the original generation and maintenance of malignant diseases of hematopoietic system. References | Related Articles | Metrics