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08 August 2015, Volume 42 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The effect of HDAC inhibitor SNDX275 on inhibiting breast cancer BT474 cell proliferation YIN Jiang, LIU Hao, DENG Min, HE Zhi-Min 2015, 42 (8):  561-565.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.001 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (1299KB) ( 1439 )   Save The effect of HDAC inhibitor SNDX275 on inhibiting breast cancer BT474 cell proliferationYin Jiang, Liu Hao, Deng Min, He Zhimin. Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China Corresponding author: Liu Hao, Email: haoliu2020@163.com【Abstract】ObjectiveTo explore the effect and molecular mechanism of HDAC inhibitor SNDX275 inhibiting cell proliferation in ErbB2overexpressing breast cancer BT474 cells.  MethodsBreast cancer BT474 cells were treated with HDAC inhibitor SNDX275, setting as test group, and the cell line treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as control. The concentration of SNDX275 were 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 μmol/L respectively. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTS assay and colony formation assay, the expressions of ErbB2, ErbB3, pAkt were analyzed by Western blotting, and the expressions of miR125a, miR125b were analyzed by RTPCR. After transfecting miRNA125 inhibitor into BT474 cells, the inhibition rate of SNDX275 was tested by MTS assay . ResultsMTS result showed that SNDX275 inhibited cell proliferation in BT474 cells in a dosedependent manner. The inhibition rate of 4.0 μmol/L SNDX275 was about (68.00±4.45)%. Clone assay indicated SNDX275 could inhibit the proliferation of BT474 cells. Western blotting result indicated that SNDX275 significantly inhibited the protein expressions of ErbB2, ErbB3 and pAkt, RTPCR result illustrated 2 μmol/L SNDX275 could increase the expressions of miR125a and miR125b about 3.22±1.17, 5.42±0.38 times compared with the PBS control respectively, the difference has a statistical significance (t=4.338，P=0.049; t=21.805，P=0.002). MTS result indicated that compared with the PBS control, the inhibition rate of SNDX275 group was （56.97±3.56）%， while the inhibition rate of SNDX275 and miRNA125 inhibitor group was (10.67±2.21）%， with a statistical significance（t=-10.993，P=0.008）.  ConclusionSNDX275 could inhibit cell proliferation of ErbB2overexpressing breast cancer BT474 cells, by inhibiting ErbB2ErbB3Akt signal pathway through upregulating miR125a and miR125b. Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on breast cancer cell cycle and breast cancer stem cells ZHANG Jiu-Guang, LIU De-Quan, ZHANG Ji, JIN Cong-Guo, LIU Yang, WANG Ya-Jing, ZHAO Yi-Hui 2015, 42 (8):  566-568.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.002 Abstract ( 383 )   PDF (745KB) ( 1070 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the proportion of G0G1 phase cells and the expressions of ATPbinding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) and CD44＋CD24-/low in breast cancer patients. MethodsSixty untreated cases with breast invasive ductal carcinoma from May 2013 to March 2014 were chosen. All patients were tested by core needle biopsy and pathological diagnosis, then treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The proportion of G0G1 phase cells and the contents of ABCG2 and CD44＋CD24-/low before and after therapy were compared. ResultsAfter chemotherapy, the contents of ABCG2 and CD44＋CD24-/low were (25.10±1.50)% and (36.40±3.80)/105, and the proportion of G0G1 phase cells was  (70.50±1.50)%, which were higher than those before treatment ［(15.88±1.22)%, (25.00±3.40)/105, (60.65±1.30)%］ (t=8.685, P＜0.05; t=9.226, P＜0.05; t=8.898, P＜0.05). All patients completed four courses of chemotherapy, and the cCR rate, cPR rate, SD rate were respectively 18.3% (11/60), 73.3% (44/60), 8.3%(5/60). ConclusionCell cycle can be arrested and the proportion of stem cells can be raised after neoadjuvant chemotherapy which has exact curative effect and clinical popularization value. Related Articles | Metrics

Expressions and significances of apoptosis related protein Bcl2 and Bax in basallike breast carcinoma ZHANG Bing-Xin, ZHAO Xia, JIA Xi-Hua, CHEN Xue, CHEN Hong, MA Qiu-Shuang, ZHANG Jin-Ku 2015, 42 (8):  569-572.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.003 Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (941KB) ( 1126 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions and significances of Bcl2 and Bax in basallike breast carcinoma (BLBC). MethodsThe expressions of Bcl2 and Bax were detected in 43 cases of BLBC, 57 cases of nonBLBC and 60 cases of normal breast tissues by immunohistochemistry, and their relationships with physiological and pathological characteristics of patients were analysized. ResultsThe positive rate of Bcl2 in BLBC was 69.77%, higher than 43.86% in nonBLBC (χ2=6.647, P=0.010) and 21.67% in normal breast tissues (χ2=23.831, P=0.001). The positive rate of Bax in BLBC was 20.93%, lower than 45.61% in nonBLBC (χ2=6.564, P=0.010) and 76.67% in normal breast tissues (χ2=31.270, P=0.001). The expressions of Bcl2 and Bax were correlated with lymphnode metastasis (χ2=6.927, P=0.008; χ2=6.203, P=0.013) and pTNM staging of BLBC (χ2=6.331, P=0.012; χ2=5.972, P=0.015). There was negative correlation between the expression of Bcl2 and Bax in BLBC (r=-0.408, P＜0.010). ConclusionHigh expression of Bcl2 and low expression of Bax interact with each other leading to unbalance of cell deferation and apoptosis, resulting in promoting genesis and progress of BLBC. Related Articles | Metrics

Clinic research of CT guided localization with a hookwire system for small ground glass opacity pulmonary nodules united with single port videoassisted thoracoscopic resection WANG Bo, WANG Bin, ZHANG Lian-Bin, CHU Xiang-Yang 2015, 42 (8):  573-575.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.004 Abstract ( 593 )   PDF (1093KB) ( 1268 )   Save ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effect of CT guided localization with a hookwire system united with single port videoassisted thoracoscopic resection (VATS) for small ground glass opacity (GGO) pulmonary nodules (CT lesion diameter<1.5 cm and no pleural changes). MethodsFifteen patients with small GGO pulmonary nodules who underwent CTguided transthoracic localization with a hookwire system in operation room after anesthesia were performed with single port VATS from August 2009 to March 2013. The accuracy of puncture location, complications, resection rate and pathological results were evaluated. ResultsAll patients underwent CTguided hookwire localization and single port VATS resection. The success rate of localization was 100%, and the average procedure time was (13.60±2.06)min, only 1 patient occurred minimal pneumothorax. The resection rate of single port VATS was 100%, and lobectomy performed in 1 patient, segmentectomy in 1, and local resection in 13. Pathological diagnosis: adenocarcinoma in situ in 9, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) in 5, AAH and adenocarcinoma in situ in 1. Postoperation followup showed all patients survived, and no recurrence and metastasis. ConclusionIn operation, use of CT guided localization with a hookwire system for small GGO pulmonary nodules (CT lesion diameter<1.5 cm and no pleural changes) united with videoassisted thoracoscopic resection is accurate, quick and safe, and it has good clinical value. Related Articles | Metrics

Expressions and clinical signifcances of matrix metalloproteinase13 and p73 in gastric adenocarcinoma WANG Rui-Cai, ZHU Jian-You, ZHANG Hai-Peng, XU Shao-Yan, WANG Ai-Yun 2015, 42 (8):  576-579.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.005 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (851KB) ( 1073 )   Save ObjectiveTo study the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase13 (MMP13) and p73 in gastric adenocarcinoma, and to explore the associations of the expressions of MMP13 and p73 with the clinicopathological features, and to evaluate their clinical significances for the prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma metastasis. MethodsThe immunohistochemistry SP methods was used to evaluate the expressions of MMP13 and p73 in 143 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and 55 normal tissues adjacent to carcinoma, and their associations to the clinicopathologic features were analyzed. ResultsThe expression of MMP13 in gastric adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues of cancer (67.13% vs 16.35%), with a significant difference (χ2=41.10, P=0.000). The expression of p73 in gastric adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues of cancer (58.74% vs 12.73%), with a significant difference (χ2=33.86, P=0.000). In the gastric adenocarcinoma, the expression of MMP13 was associated with peripheral lymph node metastasis (χ2=11.835, P=0.001), depth of invasion (χ2=5.177, P=0.032) and TNM stage (χ2=11.107, P=0.001), but it was not correlated with the ages of patients (χ2=0.113, P=0.853), tumor size (χ2=0.338, P=0.591) and tumor differentiation level (χ2=3.628, P=0.072). In the gastric adenocarcinoma, the expression of p73 was associated with peripheral lymph node metastasis (χ2=11.440, P=0.001), tumor differentiation level (χ2=5.407, P=0.025) and TNM stage (χ2=9.497, P=0.003), but it was not correlated with the ages of patients (χ2=1.567, P=0.222), tumor size (χ2=0.841, P=0.392) and depth of invasion (χ2=0.554, P=0.498). The expression of MMP13 was positively correlated with the expression of p73 in gastric adenocarcinoma group (r=0.684, P=0.000). ConclusionBoth MMP13 and p73 may participate in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma, which can be used as an important index for the evaluation of invasiveness and metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma. Related Articles | Metrics

The expression and molecular mechanisms of SH2B in hepatocarcinoma HUA Jian-Jiang, TANG Fa-Qing, DUAN Chao-Jun, YUAN Yong-Mei, HE Ya, CHEN Wang, WANG Qi-Yun 2015, 42 (8):  580-584.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.006 Abstract ( 381 )   PDF (1240KB) ( 1121 )   Save ObjectiveTo observe the expression and influence of SH2B in hepatocarcinoma, and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of canceration in hepatocarcinoma. MethodsBy using SABC imunohistochemistry, the expressions of SH2B were detected in 27 cases of hepatitis, 29 cases of hepatocirrhosis and 47 cases of hepatocarcinoma. Hepatocarcinoma cell (HepG) 2 with a lowexpressed SH2B was selected using immunofluorescence assay. There were 3 groups: the transfected group (transfected with pcDNA3.1SH2B), the vector group (transfected with pcDNA3.1) and the blank group (without transfection). After gene transfection, SH2B expression was detected by Western blotting; cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay; cell colony was counted by colony formation test; and cell cycle was analyzed by flowcy tometer. ResultsThe positive rate of SH2B in hepatocarcinoma (95.7%) was significantly higher than 55.2% in hepatocirrhosis (χ2=18.64, P＜0.01) and 25.9% in hepatitis (χ2=40.01, P＜0.01). After being transfected with pcDNA 3.1SH2B, SH2B expression dramatically increased in HepG2 cells. After cultured for 48 h, the average optical density value of the transfected group was 1.12±0.19, obviously higher than 0.45±0.11 in the vector group (t=-31.55, P＜0.01), which indicated that cells proliferation was significantly enhanced after being transfected with SH2B. The cell colony numbers of the transfected group was 166±14, significantly higher than 82±8 in the vector group (t=-20.33, P＜0.01) and 78±9 in the blank group (t=-19.64, P＜0.01), which indicated that the cell colony numbers increased after being transfected with SH2B. The S stage cells of the transfected group was (45.7±5.8)%, significantly higher than (19.4±4.7)% in the vector group (t=-20.33, P＜0.01) and (20.5±5.1)% in the blank group (t=-34.69, P＜0.01), which indicated that SH2B could enhance promote cell cycle of HepG2 cells. ConclusionThe expression of SH2B in hepatocarcinoma is high, and it may be involved in the canceration of hepatocarcinoma though promoting cell cycle, cell proliferation and cell transformation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Ribosomal protein S7 affects apoptosis of HeLa cervical cancer cells DING Hui, LING Jing-Xian, CHEN Jun-Hao, ZHANG Kui, WANG Qing-Fei 2015, 42 (8):  585-588.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.007 Abstract ( 312 )   PDF (865KB) ( 1098 )   Save ObjectiveTo preliminarily investigate the effect of ribosomal protein S7 on apoptosis of HeLa cervical cancer cells. MethodsThe previously constructed recombinant plasmid pIRES2EGFPRPS7 was transfected into HeLa cells, the empty vector pIRES2EGFP transfected cells as control. Enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP) expressing cells were quantified by flow cytometry, and RPS7 protein level was also determined by Western blotting. Cell apoptosis of both RPS7 overexpression cells and knockdown cells were evaluated by flow cytometry after staining using allophycocyanin labeled AnnexinV. ResultsApoptotic cell level in the obtained RPS7 transient overexpression HeLa cells was significantly higher than that of vector control cells ［(10.00±0.60)% vs (5.73±0.61)%］， with a statistic difference (t=8.63, P = 0.001). Moreover, the apoptotic level in RPS7 knockdown cells was lower than that in control cells ［(3.08±0.49)% vs (5.97±0.63)%］, with a statistic difference (t=6.40, P=0.003). ConclusionUpregulation of RPS7 may promote apoptosis, while downregulation of RPS7 may inhibit apoptosis of HeLa cells, indicating that RPS7 may play roles in regulating cell apoptosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A shortterm curative observation of nimotuzumab combined with concurrent intensitymodulated radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer WU Chu-Rong, TANG Wu-Bing, YANG Wen, CHEN Yong-Fa, PAN Xing-Xi, ZHANG Yong-Sheng, YANG Hua, LIANG Hai-Chun, HUANG Hong-Dong 2015, 42 (8):  589-592.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.008 Abstract ( 669 )   PDF (695KB) ( 1344 )   Save ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and adverse effects of nimotuzumab combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer. MethodsSixty patients with stage Ⅲ cervical cancer by the histopathologic diagnosis were collected, and they were randomly divided into two groups using the random number table method. The control group (n=30) using intensitymodulated radiotherapy， intracavitary afterloading therapy and periodic chemotherapy, the observation group (n=30) in addition to the intensitymodulated radiotherapy， intracavitary afterloading therapy and periodic chemotherapy, the nimotuzumab (200 mg) was given to the patients before weekly radiotherapy. All patients were received 6 to 7 times of treatment. ResultsThe curative effects of all the patients were evaluated after radiotherapy 3 months. In the observation group, there were 20 cases of CR, 5 cases of PR, 4 cases of SD, 1 case of PD, the total effective rate (CR+PR) was 83.3%. In the control group, there were 18 cases of CR, 3 cases of PR, 6 cases of SD, 3 cases of PD, the total effective rate was 70.0%. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 =8.356, P＜0.05). The main adverse reactions in the observation group and control group included slight radioactive proctitis (16.7% vs 13.3%), radioactive cystitis (10.0% vs 10.0%), nausea and vomiting (50.0% vs 46.7%),  reduction of white blood cells (40.0% vs 43.3%), with no significant differences (χ2 =3.357, P=0.719; χ2 =2.717, P=0.925; χ2 =5.882, P=0.623; χ2 =4.728, P=0.687). There were no skin rashes and allergic reactions. ConclusionNimotuzumab can enhance the locally stage cervical cancer patients′ sensitivity on radiotherapy, which can increase the efficacy and doesn′t increase adverse reaction obviously. Related Articles | Metrics

Effectiveness and safety of sodium glycididazole for nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy: a Metaanalysis LI Hui, LUO Ning, WU Dong-Wen, LIAO Ji-Ling, GUO Min, WEI Rui 2015, 42 (8):  593-598.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.009 Abstract ( 444 )   PDF (2471KB) ( 1382 )   Save ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy combined with sodium glycididazole (CMNa) in treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma by conducting a Metaanalysis. MethodsRandomized clinical controlled studies (RCTs) of radiotherapy plus CMNa versus radiotherapy alone in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were retrieved from China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, digital journal of Wanfang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database, PubMed and Cochrane Library. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction and quality assessment were done by two researchers independently, and clinically important measures were selected. Outcomes were pooled with RevMan 5.2. ResultsThe rate of complete remission (CR) in the radiotherapy combined CMNa group was better than that in the radiotherapy alone group in 1.41 multiple to primary lesion, RR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.301.52, Z=8.20, P=0.00. To lymphonodi cervicales metastasis, the rate of CR in the radiotherapy combined CMNa group was better than that in the radiotherapy alone group in 1.45 multiple, RR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.301.62, Z=6.50, P=0.00. There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of adverse reactions of skin (RR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.871.08, Z= 0.57, P=0.57 ),  mucosa (RR=1.03, 95%CI: 0.931.15, Z=0.65, P=0.52 ) and decrease in white blood cells (RR=0.84, 95%CI: 0.561.25, Z=0.87, P=0.38). ConclusionIn the treatments of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the rates of CR of primary lesion and lymphonodi cervicales metastasis in radiotherapy combined with CMNa group are superior to the radiotherapy alone group. However, the occurrence rates of adverse reactions in the two groups have no obvious differences. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of long noncoding RNA in tumor epithelialmesenchymal transition ZHAO Yi, ZHANG Xing-Xing, XU Min 2015, 42 (8):  599-601.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.010 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (687KB) ( 1356 )   Save Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a kind of RNA molecule which is longer than 200 nucleotides and has no capacity of coding proteins. Accumulating evidences have indicated that several lncRNAs, such as HOTAIR, MALAT1, H19 and BANCR may promote tumor metastasis by inducing epithelialmesenchymal transition. Related Articles | Metrics

Roles of miR200c in tumor diagnosis, metastasis and chemoresistance LI Ming, DENG Fang 2015, 42 (8):  602-604.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.011 Abstract ( 276 )   PDF (684KB) ( 1233 )   Save miR200c is a member of miR200 family, and it plays an important role in tumor diagnosis, metastasis and chemoresistance. miR200c is identified as a molecular marker and prognostic indicator in cancer screening. It can inhibit epithelialmesenchymal transition, tumor invasion and metastasis, and increase the chemosensitivity of tumor cells, but the relevant mechanism is still not fully clear. The studies of miR200c and some factors in regulatory pathway are beneficial to promote its applications in clinical diagnosis. Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and role of NGX6 in tumor LIU Jin-Feng, JIANG Hao 2015, 42 (8):  605-607.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.012 Abstract ( 315 )   PDF (682KB) ( 1396 )   Save NGX6 is a recently discovered tumorsuppressor gene, which can inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis via suppressing tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. The expression of NGX6 gene has negative correlation with many tumors, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lung cancer, colon cancer and so on. Therefore, the measurement of NGX6′s level has a great influence on the prognosis of patients with tumor. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Nuclear factorE2 related factor 2 and its effect of cancer prevention LI Qing, XU Chang, LIU Qiang 2015, 42 (8):  612-615.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.013 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (695KB) ( 1179 )   Save Nuclear factorE2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) can protect the normal cells from the damage of oxidants and electrophones, preventing tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, the abnormal activation of Nrf2 in tumor cells can lead to tumor development. Chemicals acting on Nrf2 pathway include activators and inhibitors, Nrf2 inhibitors can increase the chemosensitivity of the tumor, providing a new idea for the drug design of highefficiency and lowtoxicity. Related Articles | Metrics

Mesenchymal stem cellsbased cancer therapies Zhang-Jie, FANG Lin, ZHENG Jun-Nian- 2015, 42 (8):  612-615.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.014 Abstract ( 161 )   PDF (693KB) ( 1177 )   Save Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have inherent tumortrophic migratory properties and low immunogenicity, which allow them to serve as vehicles for delivering effective, targeted therapy to tumors. MSC plays an antitumor role by releasing some cytokines, which can be strengthened by oncolytic virus, antiangiogenesis agent, tumor necrosis factor guided apoptosis ligand, IL, IFN and prodrug. In addition, there are some advantages in combination treatment of MSC and others therapies. Related Articles | Metrics

Cancer precision therapeutics ZHANG Bai-Hong, YUE Hong-Yun 2015, 42 (8):  616-618.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.015 Abstract ( 693 )   PDF (686KB) ( 1693 )   Save Cancer precision therapeutics is defined as a therapy strategy based on molecular profiles and classifiers generated from highthroughput molecular assays. Precision therapeutics in oncology is becoming reality thanks to the nextgeneration sequencing and cancer targeted agents. Selecting optimal targets, identifying appropriate combinations of therapies and realtime monitoring of tumor evolution may be critical for practicing precision therapeutics. Related Articles | Metrics

Progress on antiangiogenesis treating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma SHANG Yi-Tai, LI Xiao-Jiang 2015, 42 (8):  619-621.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.016 Abstract ( 407 )   PDF (687KB) ( 1172 )   Save Current treatment strategies for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma（HNSCC） include palliative chemotherapy and antiEGFR targeted agents. Angiogenesis is crucial both for the growth of a primary tumor and the development of distant metastasis. Therefore, the angiogenesis factors and their receptors become the targets of therapeutic agents. Current antiangiogenesis drugs achieve the purpose of treatment mainly by blocking VEGFVEGFR pathways. And it gets certain effects in clinical trials for the treatment of HNSCC. Antiangiogenesis therapy will provide more choices for treating HNSCC. Related Articles | Metrics

The progress of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in breast cancer WU Hao, JIANG Yong-Dong, PANG Da 2015, 42 (8):  622-624.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.017 Abstract ( 373 )   PDF (684KB) ( 1353 )   Save Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3（FGFR3） plays important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that FGFR3 is associated with progression of breast cancer and has effects in endocrine therapy resistance breast cancer. It has also been showed that FGFR3 is correlated with breast cancer prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

Male breast cancer susceptibility genes HE Xiao-Qin, GAN Yuan-Yuan, XU Xi-Ming 2015, 42 (8):  625-627.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.018 Abstract ( 384 )   PDF (689KB) ( 1242 )   Save Male breast cancer (MBC) is one of rare malignant carcinomas, of which the pathogenesis and biological characteristics remain elusive. Recently, it has been reported that breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) 1， BRCA2， checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) and partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2) play important roles in the pathogenesis of MBC. Whereas the relationship between BRCA1interacting protein 1 (BRIP1) and MBC is still controversial. Related Articles | Metrics

Advances of programmed death ligand 1 and its inhibitor in nonsmall cell lung cancer GENG Rui, PAN Li, SONG Xia 2015, 42 (8):  631-634.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.019 Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (686KB) ( 1573 )   Save Programmed deathligand 1 (PDL1), which is highly expressed in NSCLC, can be divided into two categories: membrane PDL1 and soluble PDL1. PDL1 participates in tumor immune escape through combining with its receptor. PDL1 immune checkpoint inhibitors have entered the phase Ⅰ studies and showed a good application prospect. It is also found that the sensitivity of PDL1 immune checkpoint inhibitors is strongly associated with the expression of PDL1 in tumor. Therefore, PDL1 can be used as a biomarker to predict its curative effect. Related Articles | Metrics

Postoperative radiotherapy for completely resected stage ⅢAN2 nonsmall cell lung cancer ZHANG Guang-Mei, JING Xu-Quan, ZHANG Yu-Jing, MENG Xue, SUN Xin-Dong 2015, 42 (8):  631-634.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.020 Abstract ( 163 )   PDF (698KB) ( 1170 )   Save Current studies show that postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (PORT) may improve local control and overall survival for ⅢAN2 NSCLC. With modern radiotherapy technology and techniques, the adverse effect of PORT is moderate and tolerated. Besides, modern PORT doesn′t decrease the survival. Investigation concerning postoperative target volume for PORT is rare, so that definite agreement has not been reached. Available informations suggest that clinical target volume should include bronchial stump, involved lymph nodes, ipsilateral hilar nodes, subcarinal nodes and ipsilateral lower paratracheal nodes. Related Articles | Metrics

Immunotherapy of biliary tract cancer LIU Xiu-Feng, QIN Shu-Kui 2015, 42 (8):  635-637.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2015.08.021 Abstract ( 422 )   PDF (688KB) ( 1334 )   Save Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies with only 10% earlystage diagnosis rate. For advanced BTC, regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin has been regarded as the first line standard combination, but the curative effect is still unsatisfied. Infiltration of immune cells and immunerelated microenvironment can inhibit various types of cancers. In BTC, higher frequencies of tumorinfiltrating CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD4+  T cells are closely associated with favorable prognosis. These findings have provided the rationale for further development of immunotherapies as a novel treatment modality against BTC. Related Articles | Metrics