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08 July 2021, Volume 48 Issue 7 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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One Hundred Years of the Party's Striving for the People's Health

Treatment of EB virus positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma Guo Yiwei, Liu Aichun 2021, 48 (7):  385-388.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200923-00075 Abstract ( 1744 )   HTML ( 52 )   PDF (2802KB) ( 300 )   Save Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare type of B cell lymphoma associated with chronic EBV infection. The main subtype is activated B cell-like and it's invasive. The response to combined chemotherapy is worse than that of EBV negative patients, and the prognosis is poor. As the researches on pathogenesis and biological characteristics of EBV positive DLBCL deepen, new therapeutic strategies are emerging, such as antiviral therapy, monoclonal antibody, inhibitors of signaling pathway and immunotherapy including cellular immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor. These new therapeutic strategies can improve the efficacy and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Original Articles

Application of β-catenin, Cyclin D1 and DKK1 in pathologically aided diagnosis of breast cancer Wang Qian, Tan Xiaojun, Zhang Donghui, Luo Kai 2021, 48 (7):  402-408.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20201105-00077 Abstract ( 309 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (23419KB) ( 146 )   Save Objective To detect the expression differences of Wnt signaling pathway related molecules β-catenin, Cyclin D1 and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) in breast disease tissues, and to explore their application value in pathologically aided diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods From January 2008 to August 2019, 90 cases of breast tissue specimens in the Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University were collected, including 30 cases of breast hyperplasia, 30 cases of breast intraductal carcinoma and 30 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma. The expressions of β-catenin, Cyclin D1 and DKK1 in breast tissue of each group were detected by immunohistochemistry. Oncomine database and KM plotter database were used to analyze the expression differences of β-catenin, Cyclin D1 and DKK1 in breast cancer and normal breast tissues and their relationships with survival prognosis of patients with breast cancer, and to verify the results of immunohistochemistry. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the efficacies of each molecule in pathologically aided diagnosis. Results There were statistically significant differences in β-catenin, Cyclin D1 and DKK1 expressions among breast hyperplasia, breast intraductal carcinoma and breast invasive ductal carcinoma (χ2=7.766, P=0.021; χ2=24.133, P<0.001;χ2=11.585, P=0.003). The expression of β-catenin in breast invasive ductal carcinoma group was significantly higher than that in breast intraductal carcinoma group and breast hyperplasia group (Z=-2.367, P=0.018; Z=-2.462, P=0.014). The expression of Cyclin D1 in breast invasive ductal carcinoma group and breast intraductal carcinoma group was significantly higher than that in breast hyperplasia group (Z=-4.166, P<0.001;Z=-4.174, P<0.001). The expression of DKK1 in breast invasive ductal carcinoma group and breast intraductal carcinoma group was significantly higher than that in breast hyperplasia group (Z=-3.090, P=0.002; Z=-2.923, P=0.003). The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that compared with normal breast tissue, the expression of β-catenin mRNA in invasive breast cancer tissue increased by 2.33 times (t=15.242, P<0.001), the expression of Cyclin D1 mRNA in breast intraductal carcinoma tissue increased by 6.64 times (t=7.152, P=0.006), while the expression of DKK1 mRNA in normal breat tissue was 3.41 times higher than that in invasive breast cancer tissue, with no statistically significant difference (t=-13.193, P>0.999). The median survival time of breast cancer patients in Cyclin D1 high expression group was 173.2 months, which was shorter than 228.9 months in low expression group (P<0.001). The upper quartile survival time of breast cancer patients in DKK1 high expression group was 55.1 months, which was longer than 40.4 months in low expression group (P<0.001). The breast invasive ductal carcinoma and breast intraductal carcinoma were combined into tumor group, the sum of the immunohistochemistry scores of β-catenin and Cyclin D1 minus the immunohistochemistry score of DKK1 was used as the combined scoring scheme 1, and the sum of β-catenin and Cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry score was used as the combined scoring scheme 2. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of β-catenin, Cyclin D1, combined scoring scheme 1 and combined scoring scheme 2 for pathologically aided diagnosis of breast cancer were 0.65 (P=0.080), 0.81 (P<0.001), 0.70 (P=0.023) and 0.78 (P=0.001), respectively. The AUC of Cyclin D1 and combined scoring scheme 2 were ≥0.7, which had good value in pathologically aided diagnosis. Conclusion Wnt signaling pathway related molecules Cyclin D1 and Cyclin D1 combined with β-catenin detection has a good value in the pathologically aided diagnosis of breast cancer. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression differences of miR-200c, miR-19a and miR-155 in gefitinib sensitive and drug resistant NSCLC patients and their effects on prognosis Liu Pei, Pu Jiaze, Huang Wen, Wang Fei 2021, 48 (7):  409-414.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20201026-00078 Abstract ( 267 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (4010KB) ( 164 )   Save Objective To investigate the expression differences of miR-200c, miR-19a and miR-155 in gefitinib sensitive and resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and to analyze the effects of miR-200c, miR-19a and miR-155 expression differences on the prognosis of patients.Methods From August 1, 2015 to August 1, 2019, 80 patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ NSCLC who were treated with gefitinib in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were selected as the research objects. Among them, 36 cases were sensitive to gefitinib as the sensitive group, and 44 cases were resistant to gefitinib as the drug-resistant group. The general data, serum levels of miR-200c, miR-19a and miR-155 were compared between the two groups, and the sensitive factors of gefitinib in NSCLC patients and the correlations between serum miR-200c, miR-19a, miR-155 and clinicopathological characteristics of NSCLC patients were explored. The survival of the patients was analyzed. Results Compared with the drug-resistant group, the number of smoking cases in the sensitive group was less (χ2=5.541, P=0.019), the number of clinical stage Ⅲ cases was more ( χ2=8.984, P=0.003), the number of well-differentiated cases was more (χ2=8.673, P=0.003), the number of patients with lymph node metastasis was less (χ2=6.082, P=0.014), and the levels of serum miR-200c, miR-19a and miR-155 were higher (t=7.249, P<0.001;t=8.222, P<0.001;t=10.467, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking (OR=0.355, 95%CI: 0.149-0.845, P<0.001), clinical stage (OR=0.494, 95%CI: 0.274-0.892, P=0.021), degree of differentiation (OR=6.062, 95%CI: 3.258-11.279, P=0.013), lymph node metastasis (OR=0.422, 95%CI: 0.245-0.726, P=0.019), the levels of serum miR-200c (OR=5.521, 95%CI: 3.126-9.752, P<0.001), miR-19a (OR=5.384, 95%CI: 2.947-9.836, P<0.001) and miR-155 (OR=5.325, 95%CI: 3.058-9.274, P<0.001) were all influencing factors of gefitinib sensitivity in NSCLC patients. The levels of serum miR-200c, miR-19a and miR-155 were significantly correlated with clinical stage (t=3.230, P=0.002, r=-0.578; t=3.188, P=0.002, r=-0.612; t=3.123, P=0.003, r=-0.594), degree of differentiation (t=2.586, P=0.012, r=0.610; t=4.009, P<0.001,r=0.632; t=4.773, P<0.001,r=0.594) and lymph node metastasis (t=2.902, P=0.005, r=-0.587; t=3.721, P<0.001,r=-0.629; t=3.391, P=0.001, r=-0.614) of NSCLC patients. Compared with the patients with low levels of serum miR-200c, miR-19a and miR-155, the 1-year survival rates of the patients with high levels of serum miR-200c (63.19% vs. 4.37%, χ2=32.562, P<0.001), miR-19a (61.01%vs. 4.75%, χ2=37.807, P<0.001) and miR-155 (57.82%vs. 0, χ2=44.454, P<0.001) were higher, with statistically significant differences.Conclusion The levels of serum miR-200c, miR-19a and miR-155 are significantly increased in gefitinib-sensitive NSCLC patients, which are important influencing factors of gefitinib sensitivity, and are closely related to clinicopathological characteristics such as clinical stage, differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis of NSCLC patients, and the prognosis is better in patients with high serum levels. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression of histone acetyltransferase P300 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue and its clinical significance Han Baojun 2021, 48 (7):  415-419.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200608-00079 Abstract ( 350 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (14382KB) ( 90 )   Save Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of histone acetyltransferase P300 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods From January 2013 to December 2017, surgical specimens of 100 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were collected from the Department of General Surgery of Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital. The expressions of P300, CD90, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), Ki-67 and CD34 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue were detected. At the same time, 42 hepatic hemangioma specimens and 56 liver tissue specimens with moderate to severe liver cirrhosis were collected, and the positive expression rate of P300 in tissues was detected. The correlations between the expression of P300 and clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed. Results The positive expression rates of P300 in normal liver tissue, liver cirrhosis tissue and hepatocellular carcinoma tissue increased gradually, which were 11.9% (5/42), 32.1% (18/56) and 57.0% (57/100) respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=27.192, P<0.001). Tumor grade (χ2=9.337, P=0.009), T stage (χ2=8.794, P=0.032), clinical TNM stage (χ2=6.121, P=0.013), AFP (χ2=11.040, P=0.001), CD90 (χ2=9.903, P=0.002), CD34 (χ2=4.066, P=0.044) significantly affected the expression of P300. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the abnormal expression of P300 was positively correlated with the expression of AFP (r=0.335, P=0.001), CD90 (r=0.328, P=0.002) and CD34 (r=0.264, P=0.047), but had no significant correlation with the expression of Ki-67 (P>0.05). Survival analysis showed that the 5-year survival rate of patients with P300 positive expression was 17.6%, and that of patients with P300 negative expression was 62.5%, and there was a statistically significant difference (χ2=10.596, P<0.001). Cox multivariate analysis showed that P300 positive expression (RR=2.554, 95%CI: 1.261-4.502, P=0.009), CD90 positive expression (RR=3.574, 95%CI: 1.021-11.980, P=0.030) and TNM Ⅱ-Ⅳ stage (RR=0.332, 95%CI: 0.105-0.596, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion The positive expression of P300 is closely related to the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma and can be used as an independent factor to judge the poor prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

Role of LHPP in malignant tumor Li Tiantian, Chen Min, Liu Yichen, Peng Jie, Shi Xiaofeng 2021, 48 (7):  420-423.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200630-00080 Abstract ( 860 )   HTML ( 27 )   PDF (2923KB) ( 367 )   Save Phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP) is a highly conserved histidine phosphatase from worms to humans in evolution. Recent studies have shown that LHPP, as a tumor suppressor, can inhibit the proliferation, growth and migration of the cells and promote apoptosis by participating in the regulation of various cell signaling pathways and protein phosphorylation. Therefore, the deeply study on the mechanism of LHPP is helpful to explore the best diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for related tumors, which is essential for improving the prognosis of related tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of tumor cells on tumor microenvironment Zhou Dengjing, Yao Yi, Song Qibin, Wu Bin, Xiao Mengxia, Yang Siqi 2021, 48 (7):  424-428.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20201216-00081 Abstract ( 375 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF (3663KB) ( 277 )   Save Tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) are closely related. It is known that many factors will change the TME, then affect tumor development, however the change of TME is also inseparable from tumor cells. More and more studies have confirmed that the regulation of TME is the key to anti-tumor therapy. Therefore, it is critical to understand the effect of tumor cells on TME. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of immunotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Yang Wenqian, Huang Junxing 2021, 48 (7):  429-432.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200708-00082 Abstract ( 476 )   HTML ( 36 )   PDF (2974KB) ( 353 )   Save With the development of immunotherapy in clinical application, immunotherapy also takes advantage in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 show significant antitumor activity and safety in immunotherapy for patients with advanced ESCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of fibrinogen, NLR and F-NLR grading in gastric cancer Yang Yinjing, Li Guixiang, Tang Min 2021, 48 (7):  433-435.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20201230-00083 Abstract ( 407 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (2244KB) ( 314 )   Save Multiple markers that related to gastric cancer has been widely used in clinical, to predict its occurrence, development and prognosis. Serum level of fibrinogen (FIB) and neutrophil to lymphocytes ratio (NLR) respectively as representative indicators of coagulation system and inflammation, can predict the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer and survival time. The rise of fibrinogen is associated with enhanced capacity of the gastric tumor cells proliferation, invasion and migration. High NLR is associated with significantly induced survival of patients with gastric cancer. The combination of fibrinogen and NLR (F-NLR) combines the advantages of each individual indicator in predicting the occurrence, development and prognosis of cancer. It has shown a great prognostic potential in gastric cancer, and can be widely applied in prospect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Gut Microbiota and Tumor

Application of gut microbiome in the diagnosis and treatment of tumor An Jianghong, Qian Shen, Luo Pu, Tan Xiaohua 2021, 48 (7):  436-440.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20201019-00084 Abstract ( 337 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF (4313KB) ( 242 )   Save Gut microbiome is closely related to human health. Changes in intestinal microbial composition promote the development of tumors. Specific intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites regulate host physiological functions and tumor microenvironment, significantly affecting the anti-cancer treatment response and its adverse events. Strategies targeting gut microbiome have shown promising prospects in diagnosis and treatment of cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research status of fecal detection for colorectal cancer markers Wang Yang, Liu Qian, Long Hui, Wu Qingming 2021, 48 (7):  441-444.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20201005-00085 Abstract ( 324 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (2915KB) ( 221 )   Save There are four methods for fecal detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) markers: fecal occult blood test, fecal DNA test, fecal microRNA test, and fecal fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) test. Fecal immunochemical test has been recommended by experts at home and abroad as the first choice for CRC screening. Fecal DNA test, due to its high price, has not yet been screened for large samples of people in China, so it is recommended as the second level of CRC screening. Fecal microRNA detection has been paid more and more attention by researchers. In recent years, the detection of fecal microbial markers has become more and more popular, especially fecal Fn detection, which is expected to become a microbial indicator for CRC screening. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Gut microbiota and hematological malignancies Wei Liya, Guo Zhi 2021, 48 (7):  445-448.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20201019-00086 Abstract ( 389 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF (3164KB) ( 264 )   Save In recent years, driven by metagenomics sequencing technology, it has been found that compositional changes and diversity changes of gut microbiota are related to the occurrence of hematological malignancies. Gut microbiota affects the development of the hematopoietic system and the risk stratification of hematological malignancies. Microbial translocation plays an important role in and blood stream infection. Gut microbiota imbalance and blood stream infection affect the therapeutic effect of hematological malignancies. Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplant can restore the diversity of gut microbiota. References | Related Articles | Metrics