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08 June 2016, Volume 43 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effects of tumor suppressor NDRG2 gene on proliferation and invasive ability of colon cancer cell line SW620 Wang Jianxun*, Zeng Tian, Zhang Peng, Wang Zhigang, Lei Hailu. 2016, 43 (6):  401-404.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.001 Abstract ( 341 )   PDF (908KB) ( 1230 )   Save Objective  To observe the influence of N-myc downstreamregulated gene 2 (NDRG2) on the growth and invasive ability of human colon cancer cell line SW620, and to explore its mechanism. MethodspcDNA3.1NDRG2 and siRNANDRG2 were transfected transiently respectively into SW620 by Lipofectamine TM 2000, untreated cells as the control group. Western blotting was used to investigate the expression of NDRG2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2). Matrigel invasion assay was used to study the invasive abilities of SW620 cells in all groups. The growth curve was determined through 3(4,5dimethyl2thiazoly)2,5diphenyl2Htetrazolium bromide method. ResultAfter transfecting pcDNA3.1NDRG2 into the SW620 cells, the protein level of NDRG2 increased and the expression of MMP-2 declined markedly. After transfecting siRNANDRG2 into the SW620 cells, the protein level of NDRG2 declined and the expression of MMP2 increased markedly. In addition, compared with the control group (75.80 ±4.82), the numbers of transmembrane cells in pcDNA3.1 group (56.20 ±7.40) and in siRNA group (94.20 ±9.23) were significantly different (t=13.102, P=0.000; t=11.820, P=0.000). The growth curve showed that: compared with the control group (0.67±0.01), the absorbance of the fifth day after transfection in pcDNA3.1 group (0.46±0.01) and in siRNA group (0.91±0.02) were different significantly (t=9.561, P=0.000; t=10.922, P=0.000). ConclusionNDRG2 can reduce the invasion and proliferation ability of colon cancer cell SW620, and its mechanism may be related to the downregulation of MMP-2 expression. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of the lymphocyte subsets of 508 cases of cancer patients Liu Yunhe, Yu Jianchun, Jia Yingjie, Li Wentao, Xu Hongda 2016, 43 (6):  405-408.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.002 Abstract ( 427 )   PDF (693KB) ( 1467 )   Save Objective To study the characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with lung cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer. Methods Five hundred and eight patients with cancer from the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (256 cases with lung cancer, 152 cases with gastric cancer, 100 cases with breast cancer), and 50 healthy volunteers were collected. Two ml peripheral blood were obtained from these cases. The distribution of lymphocyte subsets in peri-pheral blood was measured by flow cytometry in these cases. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software. Results The number of lymphocytes of cancer patients was decreased, the healthy volunteers was 5 125, breast cancer patient was 3 642, gastric cancer patient was 3 178, lung cancer patient was 2 895. The case of outliers of lymphocyte subsets classified based on the three kinds of cancer was 218 (85.2%, lung cancer), 133 (87.5%, gastric cancer), 88 (88.0%, breast cancer). The case of outliers of T-lymphocyte subsets classified based on the three kinds of cancer was 83 (32.4%, lung cancer), 32 (32.0%, breast cancer), 44 (28.9%, gastric cancer). The case of outliers of CD4+/CD8+ classified based on the three kinds of cancer was 185 (72.3%, lung cancer), 108 (71.1%, gastric cancer), 84 (84.0%, breast cancer). The case of outliers of natural killerlymphocyte subsets classified based on the three kinds of cancer was 32 (12.5%, lung cancer), 22 (14.5%, gastric cancer), 16 (16.0%, breast cancer). The case of outliers of Blymphocyte subsets classified based on the three kinds of cancer was 38 (14.8%, lung cancer), 52 (34.2%, gastric cancer), 12 (12.0%, breast cancer). Compared to healthy subjects, the CD19+% of patients with lung cancer was decreased (12.8±5.0 vs. 11.5±5.7, t=3.006, P=0.003); the CD4+% of patients with gastric cancer was decreased (39.2±7.7 vs. 35.3±7.6, t=2.315, P=0.023); the CD19+% of patients with gastric cancer was decreased (12.8±5.0 vs. 8.9±4.2, t=3.302, P=0.010); the CD8+% of patients with breast cancer  was increased (24.0±8.1 vs. 29.1±13.0, t=2.019, P=0.047). Conclusion The number of lymphocytes in cancer patients is decreased, the abnormal rates of lymphocyte subsets in the three kinds of cancer patients are higher than those in healthy volunteers, the lymphocyte subsets of different kinds of cancers perform different characteristics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expressions and clinical significances of TK1 and Ki-67 in triple negative breast cancer Niu Yuchao*, Yao Yuan, Ma Xuezhen 2016, 43 (6):  409-413.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.003 Abstract ( 928 )   PDF (924KB) ( 7248 )   Save Objective To analyze the expressions of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) and nuclearassociated antigen Ki-67 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and their clinical significances. MethodsOne hundred and twenty tumor tissue sections of patients with breast cancer who were performed breast conservation treatment or modified mastectomy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College from June 2009 to December 2010 were collected, and there were 60 cases with TNBC and 60 cases with nonTNBC. The expressions of TK1 and Ki-67 in different breast tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationships between the expression status and clinicopathologic features were analyzed. ResultsThe positive expression rates of TK1 in TNBC and nonTNBC were 83.33% and 51.67% respectively, with a significant difference (χ2=13.713, P=0.000). The positive expression rates of Ki67 expression in TNBC and nonTNBC were 68.33% and 31.67% respectively, with a significant difference (χ2=16.133, P=0.000). In TNBC, the expression of TK1 was related to histological staging (χ2=6.125, P=0.013), but it was not related to onset age (χ2=0.809, P=0.369), menopausal stutas (χ2=1.615, P=0.204), tumor size (χ2=0.054, P=0.816) and lymphatic metastasis (χ2=0.672, P=0.412). In TNBC, the expression of Ki67 was related to histological staging (χ2=13.145, P=0.000) and lymphatic metastasis (χ2=6.182, P=0.013), but it was not related to menopausal stutas (χ2=1.018, P=0.313), onset age (χ2=2.377, P=0.123) and tumor size (χ2=2.401, P=0.121). The expression of TK1 was positively correlated with that of Ki67 (r=0.369, P=0.023). The results of survival analysis showed that the diseasefree survival rates of 5year were 28.20% and 66.70% in the TK1 positive group and TK1 negative group, and the diseasefree survival rates of 5year were 24.30% and 64.30% in the Ki-67 positive group and Ki-67 negative group, with significant differences (χ2=4.194, P=0.041; χ2=4.540, P=0.033). ConclusionTK1 and Ki-67 are highly expressed in TNBC, and their expressions are correlated with histological staging and survival, which are expected to become prognostic indicators. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical research of raltitrexed plus nedaplatin combined with concurrent radiotherapy for loco-regional recurrence of esophageal carcinoma after surgery Lyu Jiahua, Li Tao, Li Fang, Yuan Daozu, Liu Li, Wang Junchao, Li Churong, Liang Long 2016, 43 (6):  414-418.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.004 Abstract ( 556 )   PDF (833KB) ( 1069 )   Save Objective  To evaluate the efficacy, safety and prognostic factors of raltitrexed plus nedaplatin combined with concurrent radiotherapy for locoregional recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after surgery. MethodsBetween October 2011 and March 2015, 54 patients with locoregional recurrence of esophageal carcinoma after surgery in Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute were treated with raltitrexed plus nedaplatin combined with concurrent radiotherapy. The patients were irradiated with a dose of 6066 Gy in 3033 fractions. At least 2 cycles of concurrent chemotherapy were administered during radiotherapy, with 3 mg/m2 raltitrexed and 80 mg/m2 nedaplatin on the first day, every 21 days. ResultsThe complete response rate was 7.4% (4/54), and the partial response rate was 70.4% (38/54). The total response rate was 77.8%. The 1, 2, 3year survival rates and median survival time were 62.9%, 27.5%, 12.2% and 18.0 months, respectively. The 1-, 2-year progressionfree survival rates and median progressionfree survival time were 33.9%, 12.6% and 8.0 months, respectively. In univariate analysis, the shorttime curative effect (χ2=3.935, P=0.047), the site of recurrence (χ2=11.280, P=0.001), postoperative stage (χ2=5.141, P=0.023) were related to the survival rate. COX multiple factors regression analysis showed that the shorttime curative effect (χ2=6.044, P=0.014), the site of recurrence (χ2=7.019, P=0.013), postoperative stage (χ2=3.404, P=0.036) were independent prognostic factors for survival. The incidence rates of ≥grade 3 leukopenia, hypochromia, thrombocytopenia were 24.1%, 3.7% and 13.0%, respectively. Gastrointestinal adverse reactions were grade 12 nausea and vomiting and acute diarrhea, and the incidence rates were 18.5% and 7.4%, respectively. The incidence rates of grade 12 acute radiationinduced esophagitis and acute radiationinduced pneumonia were 27.8% and 20.4%, respectively. ConclusionRaltitrexed plus nedaplatin combined with concurrent radiotherapy can enhance the response rate and prolong the survival of patients with locoregional recurrence of esophageal carcinoma after surgery, which has mild toxicity and is worthy of randomized controlled clinical study. After treatment, the recent curative effect is good, and the prognosis of patient with recurrence of single part and early postoperative pathologic staging is better. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Safty research of intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy with raltitrexed for advanced colorectal cancer Li Shuyuan, Zhang Qinghuai, Geng Shu′an, Gao Hao, Yang Jingwen 2016, 43 (6):  420-423.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.005 Abstract ( 1020 )   PDF (701KB) ( 1503 )   Save Objective To investigate the intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy security with raltitrexed in advanced colorectal cancer surgical operation. MethodsSixty patients with colorectal cancer undergone surgery were randomly divided into trial group (n=30) and control group (n=30) according to the random number table method. The trial group was given surgical operation plus with intraperitoneal chemotherapy with raltitrexed. The control group was given surgical operation plus with intraperitoneal saline perfusion. Theroutine blood test, liver and kidney functions, toxic side effects and complications in two groups before and after surgery were investigated. ResultsThe white blood cells in trial group before and after surgery was (6.36±2.63)×109/L vs. (8.20±2.08)×109/L, with statistically significant difference (t=3.06, P＜0.05). The ratio of absolute neutrophil count in trial group before and after surgery was 65.17%±10.36% vs.72.21%±10.53% (t=3.22, P＜0.05).The platelets in trial group before and after surgery was (261.03±84.74)×109/L vs.(228.47±58.69)×109/L (t=2.07, P＜0.05). The white blood cells, the ratio of absolute neutrophil count and the platelets after surgery had no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). The trial group had higher 1, 2 level vomiting (60.00% vs. 23.33%; χ2=8.30, P<0.05), and nausea (30.00% vs. 6.67%; χ2=5.46, P<0.05) incidence rates, but there was no statistically significant difference in other toxic side effects (P>0.05). The major complications post operation included intestinal obstruction, incision infection, abdominal cavity bleeding, and anastomotic fistula. There were equivalent complications in two groups (6.67% vs. 3.33%, χ2=0.35, P>0.05; 10.00% vs. 6.67%, χ2=0.22, P>0.05; 0 vs. 0；3.33% vs. 0, P>0.05). ConclusionFor patients with advanced colorectal cancer, intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy with raltitrexed is safe and feasible, and the adverse reactions can be tolerated without increasing postoperative complications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical effect and influence on fertility outcomes of vaginal radical trachelectomy in young patients with early stage of cervical cancer Wang Deshan 2016, 43 (6):  424-427.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.006 Abstract ( 507 )   PDF (692KB) ( 1157 )   Save Objective To explore clinical effect and effect on fertility outcomes of vaginal radical trachelectomy (VRT) in young patients with early stage of cervical cancer. MethodsSixty cases of young patients with early stage of cervical cancer treated with radical trachelectomy in our hospital between June 2005 and May 2014 were retrospectively analyzed and conducted followup visits. The patients were divided into two groups based on different operation methods: VRT group (n=32) and abdominal radical trachelectomy (ART) group (n=28). The clinical effects and fertility outcomes of the two groups were compared. ResultsThe blood loss of VRT group was significantly lesser than that of ART group ［(278.00±97.00)ml vs. (496.00±135.00)ml, t=7.247, P<0.05］. The length of vaginal hysterectomy and the width of parametrial resection of VRT group were significantly shorter than those of ART group ［(2.58±0.33)cm vs. (3.01±0.19)cm, t=6.277, P＜0.05; (2.34±0.31)cm vs. (2.88±0.25)cm, t=7.357, P＜0.05］. During the followup visits, the recurrence rate of VRT group was significantly lower than that of ART group (3.1% vs. 25.0%, χ2=6.18, P＜0.05). The recurrence of early cervical cancer was related to age (χ2=21.33, P＜0.05), diameter of tumor (χ2=21.43, P＜0.05), pathology (χ2=40.69, P＜0.05) and operation methods (χ2=6.18, P＜0.05). The pregnancy rate and fertility rate of VRT group were significantly higher than those of ART group (37.5% vs. 25.0%, χ2=15.33, P＜0.05; 28.1% vs. 17.9%, χ2=10.32, P＜0.05). Conclusion VRT for young patients with early cervical cancer is safe and feasible. It′s worthy of clinical promotion because it can reduce operation damage and recurrence rate, and can efficiently preserve the fertility of patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Curative effects of pure radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for patients with cerical cancer Qin Xiaoling, Jia Yuling, Bao Yingna 2016, 43 (6):  428-432.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.007 Abstract ( 577 )   PDF (781KB) ( 1238 )   Save Objective To investigate the curative effects and adverse reactions of pure radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for patients with cervical cancer. MethodsOne hundred and twentyseven patients with cervical cancer who accepted treatment in the Affliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from May 2010 to May 2012 were collected. All patients were divided into two groups: pure radiotherapy group (n=65) and concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy group (n=62). The curative effects, adverse reactions and survival of two groups were observed. ResultsAll patients were completed treatment. The median followup time was 42 months. The rate of complete response in the pure radiotherapy group was 80.0% (52/65), and the rate in the concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy group was 82.26% (51/62), with no significant difference (χ2=1.22, P=0.352). The 1year overall survival rates in the pure radiotherapy group and the concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy group were 95.38% and 95.16% respectively, with no significant difference （χ2=0.32，P=0.533）, but the 3year overall survival rates were 81.54% and 90.32% respectively, the 5year overall survival rates were 72.31% and 83.87% respectively, with significant differences (χ2=5.09, P=0.015; χ2=3.87, P=0.039). However, for the patients who were ≥ 60 years, the 1year overall survival rates in the two groups were 94.62% and 93.91% respectively, the 3year overall survival rates were 85.02% and 87.25% respectively, the 5year overall survival rates were 70.06% and 73.58% respectively, with no significant differences (χ2=0.06, P=0.753; χ2=1.16, P=0.279; χ2=0.48, P=0.511). The adverse reactions were mainly in grades 12. There were significant differences in the rates of leucopenia (56.10% vs. 72.20%), thrombocytopenia (58.82% vs. 76.80%), nausea and vomiting (34.04% vs. 56.90%) among the two treatment groups (χ2=11.23, P=0.003; χ2=11.82, P=0.002; χ2=12.77, P=0.000). ConclusionThe curative effect of concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy is better than that with pure radiotherapy for patients with cervical cancer, which can improve the 3year and 5year overall survival. But at the same time, it should be noted that the rates of adverse reactions may be increased during the same period. For the age of 60 or more patients with cervical cancer, concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy does not achieve even greater survival benefit. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Appliation of simultaneous integrated boostintensity modulated radiotherapy for metastatic malignancies palliative care Yan Jing, Liu Juan, Zhou Xia, Zhu Lijing, Yang Mi, Kong Weiwei, Ren Wei, Yang Yang, Qian Xiaoping, Liu Baorui 2016, 43 (6):  433-435.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.008 Abstract ( 484 )   PDF (688KB) ( 1581 )   Save ObjectiveTo study the effect and feasibility of simultaneous integrated boostintensity modulated         radiotherapy (SIBIMRT) for metastatic malignancies palliative care patients with metastatic malignant cancer. MethodsFortyfive patients with metastatic malignant cancer were treated with SIBIMRT for 10 to 28 fractions. The gross target volume (GTV) was 2.05.0 Gy per fraction, and the marginal dose of the planning target volume (PTV) was 1.83.0 Gy per fraction. For comparing the different delivering techniques, the three dimensionalconformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) plan for each patient was optimized. The effects and adverse effects were evaluated in the first month′s followup and every three months thereafter. ResultsAll patients completed the radiation therapy except for one who developed severe hepatic abscess. Nineteen patients received concurrent intravenous or oral chemotherapy or targeted drug therapies. The proportion of patients without adverse reaction was 38.64%（17/44）, and the incidence rate of grade ⅠⅡ digestive tract or bone marrow suppression was 56.82% (25/44). Only 3 patients (6.82%) occurred grade Ⅲ bone marrow suppression, and no grade Ⅲ gastrointestinal reaction and Ⅳ adverse reaction occurred. The mean doses of GTV were (5 556.1±925.6) cGy for SIBIMRT and (4 491.5±881.4) cGy for 3DCRT, with 23.7% increase (t=15.492, P=0.00). One hundred and sixtyseven organs at risk (OARs) including lungs, intestine, spine, kidneys and liver were evaluated. Seventytwo OARs had decreased irradiation dose with SIBIMRT compared with 3DCRT, the range of the decrease ratio was 0.50%77.43%, with a mean value of 19.71%. Ninetyfive OARs had elevated irradiation dose with SIBIMRT compared with 3DCRT, the range of the increase ratio was 0.59%86.71%, with a mean value of 18.13%. The total mean value was increased 0.86%. So the SIBIMRT was acceptable. The median followup duration was 10 months （526 months）. Two patients dropped out. The relapsefree rate within the radiation field was 95.23% (40/42). ConclusionSIBIMRT can significantly increase radiation doses of the tumor fields. The doses of OARs with SIBIMRT are increased or some decreased, and the range of the increased dose is indistinctive, and the patients are well tolerated. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and role of HOXC gene in tumor Li Lin, Jia Xiuhong 2016, 43 (6):  436-438.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.009 Abstract ( 546 )   PDF (685KB) ( 1333 )   Save As a member of homeobox gene family, HOXC is expressed in many organs and can regulate gene expression, cell differentiation and morphogenesis. Abnormality of its function is closely related to the prognosis of leukemia, breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer and so on. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Mechanism of Cyclophilin A in tumor Lu Kaiqiang, Zhou Zhigang, Tian Wen, Zou Zhinan, Liao Caiqin, Xie Feiyan, Tu Jian 2016, 43 (6):  439-441.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.010 Abstract ( 426 )   PDF (687KB) ( 1347 )   Save Cyclophilin A (CypA) is found to be highly expressed in different kinds of tumor cells, which could regulate the occurrence and development of many kinds of tumor through multiple signal transduction pathways such as inducing the formation of inflammatory carcinoma, accelerating the transcription cycle of tumor cells, promoting the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, inhibiting the apoptosis of tumor cells and reducing the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs. It suggests that CypA might be considered as a kind of oncogene, which is expected to be a novel target for tumor treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and role of microRNA-375 in cancer Liu Yang, Chen Nan, Pang Jinqiao, Xiong Chengxiu, Li Gaofeng 2016, 43 (6):  442-444.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.011 Abstract ( 389 )   PDF (685KB) ( 1267 )   Save MicroRNA-375 (miR-375) is closely related to the development of cancer, such as liver cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, etc. The mainly tumor pathogenesis related miR375 includes that miR375 is combined with specific target genes, can degrade mRNA or inhibit protein translation in the transcriptional level, and plays antitumor effect of inhibition of cell proliferation, promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting the invasion and metastasis. miR375 is expected to be a new target for cancer therapy, which may become an important biomarker for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and role of long non-coding RNA GAS5 in human carcinomas Hu Yiheng, Zhang Jun 2016, 43 (6):  445-447.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.012 Abstract ( 458 )   PDF (680KB) ( 1243 )   Save Growth arrest special 5 (GAS5) is a common long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Recent studies find that lncRNA GAS5 is downregulated in various tumors, such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancers and urologic cancers. GAS5 is closely related to the development, metastasis and prognosis of cancers, which becomes a new hotspot in cancer research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Progression of secreted frizzled-related protein family in cancer Li Lihong, Bai Zhongtian, Hu Jinjing, Zhou Wence 2016, 43 (6):  448-451.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.013 Abstract ( 471 )   PDF (691KB) ( 1490 )   Save Secreted frizzledrelated protein (SFRP) can inhibit the expression of Wnt signaling pathway through Frizzled protein. The silencing of SFRP gene promoter methylation is associated with the occurrence and metastasis of many cancers such as colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, liver carcinoma, lung cancer and ovarian cancer. Several studies have found that SFRP gene has latent clinical value, which is expected to become the novel target for the gene diagnosis and treatment of cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Predictive biomarkers in tumor treatment by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 pathway Cui Jinyuan, Tao Kaixiong 2016, 43 (6):  452-454.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.014 Abstract ( 459 )   PDF (685KB) ( 1557 )   Save Identifying biomarkers predicting clinical response to treatment of PD1/PDL1 pathway blockade can guide patient selection and therapeutic individualization. Some researches have shown that patients with cancer will acquire better clinical effects by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 pathway whose characteristics include higher pretreatment expression of PD-L1 by tumor cells or tumor infiltrating immune cells, the massive infiltration of intratumoral CD8+ T cells, the high mutation frequency of tumor cell gene. These biomarkers are expected to become indicators which can select patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in tumor drug resistance Yi Zhigang, Zhou Kaisheng, Pu Yanchuan, Wang Xingwen, Wang Shuanke 2016, 43 (6):  455-457.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.015 Abstract ( 606 )   PDF (686KB) ( 1528 )   Save Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway participates in cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis and effectively induces drug resistance. It is also the key signal to mediate cancer carcinogenesis. Recent studies in vitro indicate that disturbance of Wnt/βcatenin signaling pathway can increase the sensitivity of the cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Indepth researches and analysis of tumor drug resistance induced by Wnt/β-catenin will provide potential targets and possible therapeutic means for the treatment of tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Safe margin of breast conserving surgery for breast cancer Xu Rui, Qian Jun 2016, 43 (6):  458-461.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.016 Abstract ( 570 )   PDF (694KB) ( 1787 )   Save Breast conserving surgery has become the first choice for the treatment of early breast cancer. However, the safety margin is still one of the important issues for surgeons in the implementation of breast conserving surgery. Because variety of clinical factors have some effects on the safety margin, at present, no consensus on safe margin of breast conserving surgery is  reached, and  the controversy still goes on. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Mechanism of exosome in the pathogenesis of breast cancer Yan Fei, Yu Shaorong, Cao Haixia, Feng Jifeng 2016, 43 (6):  462-464.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.017 Abstract ( 418 )   PDF (682KB) ( 2081 )   Save Researches show that exosome can take park in the development and progression of breast cancer by means of mediating the intercellular communication， which can promote cancer metastasis and drug resistance, thus influencing the treatment effect of patients with cancers. Exosome is closely related with clinical stage and prognosis of breast cancer, which has a potential value in the early diagnosis and biological therapy of breast cancer and provides a new hope for the treatment of breast cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Tumor angiogenic mechanisms of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Lyu Yajing, Wang Wei, Ji Chushu, Hu Bing 2016, 43 (6):  465-467.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.018 Abstract ( 451 )   PDF (684KB) ( 1311 )   Save Vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia inducible factor, interleukin, angiopoietinlike protein, integrin and epithelial mesenchymal transition can provide nutritional support and favorable environment for the growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Researches about mechanisms of the angiogenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma may provide more ideas and potential targets for the antiangiogenesis targeted therapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Advances of cancer stem cell markers in colorectal cancer Liu Liguo, Yan Xuebing, Shan Zezhi, Jin Zhiming 2016, 43 (6):  468-471.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.019 Abstract ( 479 )   PDF (692KB) ( 1383 )   Save Cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers are specific molecules to identify CSCs. Recent findings demonstrate that CSCs markers associated with colorectal cancer mainly include CD133, CD29, CD166, CD44, Nanog, etc. These markers can take park in the initiation and progression of cancers by various molecular mechanisms, which have the potential to be used as therapeutic targets as well as prognostic indicators. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Mechanism of anticarcinogenic function of ellagic acid in gastrointestinal cancers Zhao Jinlu, Li Guodong, Liu Ming 2016, 43 (6):  472-474.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.020 Abstract ( 407 )   PDF (684KB) ( 1388 )   Save Recent in vitro and in vivo experiments have revealed that ellagic acid and its metabolites can inhibit the growth of digestive system malignant tumor cells by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, breaking DNA binding to carcinogens, blocking virus infection, disturbing inflammation, angiogenesis and drugresistance processes required for tumor metastasis. Ellagic acid and its metabolites are potential chemoprevention and therapeutic drugs against human cancers. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Fertility preserving treatment of ovarian malignant tumor Wei Meng, Yang Yongxiu 2016, 43 (6):  475-478.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.06.021 Abstract ( 389 )   PDF (692KB) ( 1577 )   Save As a new type of treatment for ovarian cancer, the fertility sparing surgery is put forward for patients who has fertility requirements and the surgical indication. But the indications and safety are still controversial at present on the international. The operation is based on the traditional surgery way, the retention of the uterus and at least one side of the ovary, and then the corresponding adjuvant chemotherapy and ovarian protection, and choosing the right pregnancy timing based on individual difference, to the excellent oncologic outcomes and the favorable reproductive outcomes. References | Related Articles | Metrics