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10 December 2013, Volume 40 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Abnormal glycometabolism in tumor cells SUN Jie, MENG Xiang-Jun 2013, 40 (12):  883-885.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.001 Abstract ( 789 )   PDF (693KB) ( 2106 )   Save The abnormal glucose metabolism of tumor cells is associated with a variety of mechanisms. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is able to activate the glycolytic enzymes, which is conducive to getting energy through glycolysis. The dysfunction or the depletion in numbers of mitochondria can inhibit the oxidative phosphorylation pathway of glucose to some extent. The activation of oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes are also involved in the regulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain and glycolytic enzymes, thus affecting the process of glucose metabolism. Compared with normal cells, the synthesis of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes is inhibited in cancer cells. In addition, the abnormal glucose metabolism plays an important role in the growth, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Resistant mechanisms of doxorubicin XIAN Zhi-Rong, ZHANG Guo-Jun 2013, 40 (12):  886-889.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.002 Abstract ( 828 )   PDF (630KB) ( 1734 )   Save Doxorubicin is widely used in chemotherapy of breast cancer and many other cancers. However, doxorubicin resistance restricts its use to some extent. The mechanisms of doxorubicin resistance may involve transport protein, apoptosis protein, DNA repair function, enzyme and other factors. Researches about reversing doxorubicin resistance are ongoing and provide some effective therapeutic regimens to overcome doxorubicin resistance clinically. But the specific mechanism of doxorubicin resistance is yet to be elucidated. It is expected that more reasonable and effective countermeasures will be put forward to improve the theraputical effect of doxorubicin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Mechanisms and reversal strategies of tumor multidrug resistance WU Jing, YANG Rui, LIU Shu-Ye 2013, 40 (12):  889-892.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.003 Abstract ( 802 )   PDF (632KB) ( 1584 )   Save Tumor multidrug resistance (MDR) is the leading cause of clinical chemotherapy failure and death. Researches show that the occurrence of MDR is related to Pglycoprotein, multidrug resistanceassociated proteins, breast cancer resistanceassociated proteins, lung resistancerelated proteins and other factors. Now the reversal strategies of MDR include chemical drugs reversal, gene reversal, immune reversal, traditional Chinese medicine reversal and drugloaded nanosystem reversal, which make some progress and help to improve the effect of cancer chemotherapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Antitumor mechanism of kaempferol FU Cheng-Rui, LI Bao-Sheng 2013, 40 (12):  892-895.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.004 Abstract ( 993 )   PDF (633KB) ( 1704 )   Save Kaempferol is a kind of flavonoid compound that exists in natural plants including fruits, vegetables and Chinese herbal medicine. Kaempferol has extensive pharmacological activities, including antitumor, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, analgesic and antiallergic activities. Researches show that Kaempferol can reduce the risk of cancer, can inhibit proliferation and invasion of tumor cells by inducing apoptosis, regulating cell cycle, inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Meanwhile, kaempferol can suppress tumor growth by regulating the oxidative stress reaction and inhibiting inflammatory cytokines. In a word, kaempferol has broad prospects in cancer prevention and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Y-box-binding protein 1 and epithelialmesenchymal transition YAN Xue-Bing, ZHU Qing-Chao, JIN Zhi-Ming 2013, 40 (12):  896-899.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.005 Abstract ( 596 )   PDF (632KB) ( 1403 )   Save In the process of epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), cellcell adherence is disrupted, apicobasal polarity is lost, the ability of antiapoptosis, migration and invasion is acquired. Yboxbinding protein 1 (YB1) is a member of the coldshock protein superfamily, containing a structurally and functionally conserved cold shock domain. Studies indicate that YB1 can promote the occurrence and development of tumors by regulating EMT. In the process of EMT mediated by YB1, various transcription factors and signal pathways play important roles. References | Related Articles | Metrics

EMT mediated cancer stemness and tumor DENG Chun-Yan, TAN Xiao-Qin, LI Tao, HUANG Jian-Ming 2013, 40 (12):  899-902.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.006 Abstract ( 706 )   PDF (689KB) ( 1721 )   Save Epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major mechanism in tumor metastasis. As the key regulatory factor, Twist gene plays an important role in EMT, and it can be induced by radiotherapy, chemotherapy and a variety of cytokines. Researches show that tumor cells can get stem celllike properties via EMT, which can lead to chemoradiotherapy resistance, tumor angiogenesis and distant metastasis. EMT has a great influence on the prognosis of tumor, and it is expected to become an important target for tumor treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Roles of SIRT1 in tumorigenesis and tumor progression FU De-Qiang, WU Wen-Yi, ZHANG Li-Ting 2013, 40 (12):  902-904.  doi: 0.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.007 Abstract ( 498 )   PDF (680KB) ( 1460 )   Save Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a kind of histone deacetylase which dependents on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is involved in the occurrence and development of tumors. Data show that SIRT1 is highly expressed in many tumors, such as gastric cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and so on. On the other hand, the expression of SIRT1 is lower in many other types of tumors, including glioblastomas, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer and so on. Therefore, the role of SIRT1 in tumor formation process is still uncertain and controversial. References | Related Articles | Metrics

ZHX2 and cancer FU Shi-Jie, GUO Qing-He 2013, 40 (12):  905-907.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.008 Abstract ( 705 )   PDF (619KB) ( 1575 )   Save Transcription repressor ZHX2 is one of the members in ZHX protein family, which exists widely in human tissue and participates in the occurrence and development of various diseases. Researches show that ZHX2 is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancers, such as liver cancer, multiple myeloma, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, which has the potential value of tumor treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Functions of cytokine induced killer cells in oncotherapy GAO Meng, YUN Sheng 2013, 40 (12):  908-911.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.009 Abstract ( 877 )   Save Cytokine induced killer (CIK) cells are the main immune cells for tumor immnuotherapy. Relevant basic researches show that CIK cells have significant antitumor effects for various hematologic tumor and solid tumors. Clinical studies confirm that CIK cellsbased therapy have exact therapeutic effect and mild adverse reaction for tumor patients. So CIK cellsbased therapy is a promising and safe method and it is important to establish standards for cultivating and using CIK cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Nimotuzumab in the treatment of solid tumors LIU Qiao-Hong, WANG Lin-Lin, SUN Yu-Ping 2013, 40 (12):  911-914.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.010 Abstract ( 731 )   PDF (631KB) ( 1827 )   Save imotuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) can combine with extracellular domain of EGFR and inhibit downstream signaling pathways to prevent tumor growth. Clinical researches show that nimotuzumab has significant antitumor activity in several solid tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, malignant glioma and so on, with advantages of good tolerance and low incidence of rashes. Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of esophageal cancer mouse models MA Wei, WANG Kai, CHENG Yu-Feng 2013, 40 (12):  915-918.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.011 Abstract ( 746 )   PDF (631KB) ( 1934 )   Save he esophageal cancer mouse models have three categories: chemical carcinogenesis model, xenograft tumor model and genetic engineering model. Chemical carcinogenesis model can simulate well the pathological processes of human esophageal cancer and is prepared simply. Xenograft tumor model is currently the most commonly used esophageal cancer animal model, which has advantages of rapid tumor formation, higher tumor formation rate and lower cost. Genetic engineering model involves mainly p53, Cyclin D1, Brca1 and p120ctn, and it helps to understand the biological characteristics of tumors, but it is expensive and the preparation time is long. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Stereotactic body radiotherapy for peripheral nonsmall cell lung cancer WANG Wei-Lin, DU Ze-Dong, LI Chang-Lin 2013, 40 (12):  918-920.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.012 Abstract ( 564 )   PDF (622KB) ( 1218 )   Save Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) can treat the lesions in a "surgical" manner and inhibit tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, it has a character of "noninvasive", which shortens the duration of treatment. Although surgery and radiotherapy are the major means for early stage peripheral nonsmall cell lung cancer, some studies in recent years show that SBRT has certain advantages in local control ratio and adverse reaction compared with radiotherapy, and acquires the similar curative effect with surgery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinicopathological features and therapies of elderly women with triplenegative breast cancer GAO Jing 2013, 40 (12):  921-923.  doi: 0.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.013 Abstract ( 742 )   PDF (620KB) ( 1485 )   Save Triplenegative breast cancer (TNBC) in elderly patients presents distinctive clinicopathologic characteristics of large volume and histological grade Ⅲ, and it is seen most frequently in invasive ductal carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and lobular carcinoma. Elderly women with TNBC significantly benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. But older women frequently have concurrent disease, so neoplasm staging, function of vital organs and tolerance of patient should be considered when treatment programs are selected．The prognosis of older TNBC patient is worse, but rational therapy can improve outcomes significantly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and gastric cancer LIU Li-Min, LI Ji-Kun 2013, 40 (12):  924-926.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.014 Abstract ( 777 )   PDF (618KB) ( 1489 )   Save Epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) is that cells undergo a switch from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype. Recent researches show that EMT can affect the occurrence and development of gastric cancer through a variety of mechanisms and promote the migration and invasion of tumor cells. The process of EMT involves a number of signal transduction pathways, and is related to microRNAs, Helicobacter pylori, transcription factors and so on. EMT is expected to be a novel therapeutic target of gastric cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

NOD2 gene and primary hepatocellular carcinoma LIANG Ning, QIAO Li-Li, XIE Jian, ZHANG Jian-Dong 2013, 40 (12):  927-929.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.015 Abstract ( 679 )   PDF (622KB) ( 1456 )   Save Nucleotidebinding oligomerization domain protein 2 (NOD2)  involves in host immune responses to pathogens and regulates natural immunity and specific immunity by identifying the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls and cleavage product muramyl dipeptide. As a newly discovered intracellular pattern recognition receptor, NOD2 plays important roles in the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma by gene mutate, inducing liver inflammatory reaction and activating relevant signaling pathways. References | Related Articles | Metrics

CRD-BP and β-TrCP in colorectal cancer CHENG Li, CHENG Li, JIA Dan-Dan, QI Wen-Juan, ZHOU Chang-Jiang 2013, 40 (12):  930-932.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.016 Abstract ( 629 )   PDF (620KB) ( 1234 )   Save Coding region instability determinant (CRD) is one of the influence factors of oncogene cmyc. Coding region instability determinantbinding protein (CRDBP) can connect with CRD in order to protect CRD from nuclease attack, prevent rapid degradation of cmyc mRNA, and increase cmyc protein content. Betatransducin repeatscontaining protein (βTrCP) can affect cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and oncogenesis by regulating multiple signaling pathways and cell cycle. The overexpression of CRDBP can upregulate the expression of βTrCP and both of them play important roles in the tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis and invasion of colorectal cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical applications of raltitrexed in colorectal cancer PENG Deng-Fu, WANG Yong, HU Bing 2013, 40 (12):  933-935.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.017 Abstract ( 747 )   PDF (617KB) ( 1744 )   Save Raltitrexed is a specific inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS),  which has significant antitumor activity. Overseas and domestic researches show that raltitrexed can be widely applied in clinical treatment for colorectal cancer patients because it is effective, welltolerated and convenient. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expressions and clinical significances of microRNA-126 and microRNA-7 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma WANG Jiang-Feng, LING Zhi-Qiang, MAO Wei-Min 2013, 40 (12):  936-940.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.018 Abstract ( 571 )   PDF (1018KB) ( 1362 )   Save ObjectiveTo detect the expressions of microRNA126 (miR126) and microRNA7 (miR7) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to analyze their correlations with clinicopathologic features and prognosis of ESCC. MethodsThe expressions of miR126 and miR7 in 116 ESCC samples and matched normal tissue samples were detected by realtime PCR. Statistical analysis was used to find the relationships among the expressions of miR126 and miR7, pathological characteristics and prognosis. ResultsLow expression, normal expression and high expression of miR126 were found in 73 (62.9%), 35 (30.2%) and 8 (6.9%) carcinoma samples respectively. Low expression, normal expression and high expression of miR7 were found in 52 (44.8%), 35 (30.2%) and 29 (25.0%) carcinoma samples respectively. The diseasefree survival in patients with low expression of miR126 and miR7 was shorter than that in patients with nonlow expression (χ2=4.268, P＜0.05; χ2=4.993, P＜0.05). The low expression of miR126 was correlated with tumor location, family history and drinking (χ2=14.564, P＜0.05; χ2=5.691, P＜0.05; χ2=4.971, P＜0.05), but was uncorrelated with gender, age, differentiation, infiltration, lymphatic metastasis and smoking (all P＞0.05). The low expression of miR7 was uncorrelated with pathological characteristics of ESCC (all P＞0.05). Conclusion The low expressions of miR126 and miR7 may be related to the prognosis of patients with ESCC, and have a certain clinical detection significance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Comparative study of 18FFDG PET/CT and 99TcmMDP bone scintigraphy in detecting multiple myeloma bone destruction WU Zhi-Xing, 吕Kuan , ZHANG Ke, KONG Xiang-Hui, GUO Hui-Min 2013, 40 (12):  940-944.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.019 Abstract ( 614 )   PDF (1134KB) ( 1564 )   Save ObjectiveTo explore the application value of 18Ffluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FFDG PET/CT) and 99Tcmmethylene diphosphonate (99TcmMDP) bone scintigraphy for detecting bone destruction in multiple myeloma (MM). Methods18FFDG PET/CT and 99TcmMDP bone scintigraphy results of 27 MM patients were analyzed retrospectively. Inspection areas checked by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Xray were the limited scopes. The location and number of bone destruction were recorded, and the maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was measured simultaneously. The results were comparatively analyzed. Diagnostic certainty regarding the presence or absence of bone destruction was evaluated according to the reference standard consisting of MRI and Xray. ResultsA total of 235 lesions were found according to the reference standard. Of these, 227 lesions (97%) were identified by 18FFDG PET/CT, whereas 187 lesions (80%) were identified by bone scintigraphy, with a significant statistical difference (χ2=32.43, P＜0.05). SUVmax was 8.3±1.7 (4.3 to 18.9). The discovery rates of bone fracture of 18FFDG PET/CT and bone scintigraphy were 100% (97/97) and 90% (87/97), and there was a significant statistical difference between them (χ2=78.09, P＜0.05). Conclusion18FFDG PET/CT is a possible method to detect bone lesions in patients with MM, and is better than 99TcmMDP bone scintigraphy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of Chinese oncology papers included by SCI in 2012 ZHEN Tian-Min, MA Xia, YANG Wen-Yan, ZHANG Jing-Jing, SUN Na 2013, 40 (12):  947-951.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.021 Abstract ( 407 )   PDF (635KB) ( 1279 )   Save ObjectiveTo analyze Chinese oncology papers of 2012 included by Science Citation Index (SCI) and to facilitate domestic oncology researchers to better master the foreign periodical information and publish research results. MethodsChinese oncology papers included by SCI in 2011 and 2012 were retrieved, by using SCIExpanded database. The periodical distribution, subject distribution, organization distribution, fund and citations were analyzed. ResultsIn 2011, 6570 papers were included by SCI, while 9226 were included in 2012, with the increase rate of 40.426%. The major language was English, and the most frequent literature type was article. The amount of source journals  increased from 668 in 2011 to 749 in 2012. PLoS One published the most amount of literature both in 2011 and in 2012. The periodical with the highest impact factor (IF) in 2011 was Nature Genetics (IF=35.209), while in 2012 was Nature (IF=38.597). The university with the most amount of published literature was Sun Yatsen University (653, 7.078%), and the corresponding medical institution was PLA General Hospital (113, 0.932%) and the corresponding research institute was Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (316, 3.425%). The most funded project was National Natural Science Foundation with the rate of 46.339% (1949/4206) in 2011 and 40.000% (3290/8225) in 2012. The total citation frequency was 36 569 in 2011 and 18 945 in 2012. ConclusionOver the past two years, Chinese oncology papers included by SCI make great progress, in terms of quantity and quality. English is the main written language, and there are more source journals but less journals with high IF. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Comparative analysis of Chinese oncology papers included by CBM and SCI in 2012 ZHEN Tian-Min, MA Xia, LI Jing-Li, HAN Zhi-Yan, YANG Wen-Yan, ZHANG Jing-Jing, SUN Na 2013, 40 (12):  952-954.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.12.022 Abstract ( 410 )   Save ObjectiveTo analyze Chinese oncology papers included by Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM) and science citation index (SCI), and to comprehensively and objectively reflect the current situation of Chinese oncology literatures published in domestic and international journals. MethodsChinese oncology papers were retrieved by using CBM and SCI. A comparison analysis was made from the respects of subject distribution, district distribution, organization distribution and high citation situation. Results67 071 papers of 2012 were retrieved from CBM database, while 9226 papers were indexed by SCI. In terms of district distribution, the first three districts were Jiangsu (6707), Guangdong (4897) and Beijing (2214) in CBM database, while in SCI database, they were Beijing (2214), Shanghai (2008) and Guangdong (1393). The institute with the most amount of literature is university, respectively 9725 and 5755. Moreover, the mostly funded project is National Natural Science Foundation (4710, 35.38%; 3290, 35.68%). ConclusionThe 2012 Chinese oncology literatures published in domestic journals has advantage with respect to quantity, compared with the international published journals. However, there exists a bigger difference in terms of quality. Through the comparative analysis, the medical researchers in our country will have some implications in the research orientation. References | Related Articles | Metrics