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08 November 2013, Volume 40 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Related molecules for regulating autophagy of tumor cells Nie Xue-Kun, ZHANG Shu-Sheng, SHI Dao-Hua 2013, 40 (11):  803-806.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2013.11.001 Abstract ( 411 )   PDF (727KB) ( 1713 )   Save Autophagy is an important physiological process in eukaryotic cells and is contributive to normal update of cellular components. When the body is in hunger state, autophagy can not only produce amino acid and ATP through degrading proteins to provide conditions for cell survival, but also remove the damaged organelles to maintain the normal functions of cells. The abnormal functions of autophagy are closely related to the formation and development of tumors, and the degree which is too high or too low both can inhibit tumors. It has been found that autophagy is regulated by many kinds of molecules, and the results are different. So indepth studies on the mechanisms of these autophagyrelated molecules will become a starting point for further understanding the autophagy and a sally port for treating tumors. Related Articles | Metrics

Expression regulation of Bnip3 and its relationship with tumors WANG Yan, LI Zhi-Ping 2013, 40 (11):  807-810.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2013.11.002 Abstract ( 906 )   PDF (651KB) ( 1463 )   Save Bnip3, a kind of mitochondrion apoptosis gene, belongs to the Bcl2 gene family and BH3only subfamily. It is one of the downstream response factors of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). Bnip3 can induce cell apoptosis and  autophagy under the oxygen deficit condition. Many studies show that Bnip3 is closely related to the occurrence, development and treatment of tumors. Molecular targeting treatment aimed at Bnip3 combined with chemoradiotherapy has preferable application foreground in tumor therapy.   References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of ceramideinduced apoptosis on oncotherapy WANG Qian, XIE Ping 2013, 40 (11):  811-814.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2013.11.003 Abstract ( 812 )   PDF (647KB) ( 1646 )   Save Ceramide (Cer), as the center molecular of sphingolipids metabolism, functions as a bioactive mediator of different cellular processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, senescence and apoptosis, besides being structural component of cellular membrane. It can inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis via multiple signal pathawys. Chemicals anticancer properties based on Cer metabolism that upregulate its level are confirmed in plenty of experimental researches, and parts of research productions are applied in anticancer clinic experiments. Related Articles | Metrics

Contradictory effect and its mechanism of storeoperated calcium channel in cancer cells GU Peng, YANG Dong-Rong 2013, 40 (11):  814-816.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2013.11.004 Abstract ( 771 )   PDF (636KB) ( 1384 )   Save In most nonexcitable cells, the storeoperated calcium channel (SOCC) in the plasma membrane is the major calcium entry pathway. SOCC plays an important role in calcium signals that control many cancer cellular processes such as adhesion, secretion, movement, gene expression, proliferation, division and apoptosis. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and Orail are the two important parts of SOCC. So overexpression or suppression expression of STIM1/Orail can regulate SOCC activity and biological characteristics of cancer cells. However, SOCC plays a contradictory role in cancer cells, which can both promote tumor progression and inhibit tumor progression. SOCC is expected to become a new target for the treatment of tumors, but its complicated mechanism needs to consider both types of tumor cells and the external stimulators of tumor cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Anti tumor antibodies targeting CD47 WANG Yu-Shu, ZHOU Zhao-Ping, SU Qing-Ning 2013, 40 (11):  817-820.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2013.11.005 Abstract ( 635 )   PDF (648KB) ( 1816 )   Save CD47 is a pluripotent molecule which plays a key role in the process of tumor immune escape. Blocking CD47 signal pathway can activate the macrophages to phagocytose tumor cells, which becomes a promising way for tumor immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies targeting CD47 have been the new focus during recent years. Present researches are carried out successfully, however it still needs more work before the clinical application of monoclonal antibodies targeting CD47. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in tumor radiotherapy LONG Cheng, JIANG Yong-Mei, LI Guo-Quan 2013, 40 (11):  820-823.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.11.006 Abstract ( 1007 )   PDF (649KB) ( 1239 )   Save Cyclooxygenase2 (COX2), the ratelimited enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandin, has been found overexpression in many malignant tumors. The overexpression of COX2 plays an important role in tumor genesis and progression and is closely associated with tumor prognosis, so this enzyme has become one of the potential therapeutic targets. Experimental studies reveal that selective COX2 inhibitors can enhance the tumor radiosensitivity through a variety of molecular pathways and have a protective effect for normal tissues. Selective COX2 inhibitors are promising radiotherapy modifiers and the underlying molecular mechanisms still need to be further studied. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effect and mechanism of curcumin on antitumor HAN Jin-Rong, ZHANG Lin-Xi 2013, 40 (11):  823-826.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.11.007 Abstract ( 1067 )   PDF (649KB) ( 1599 )   Save Curcumin can induce cell apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma cells through extrinsic death receptor pathway, inhibit proliferation of lung cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest, and can suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells through blocking multiple signaling pathways, suppress the formation of tumor blood vessels by reducing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in Ehrlich ascites cancer cells, inhibit breast cancer cell motility and invasiveness by regulating the expression of adhesion molecules and increase the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs to cancer cells by regulating the expression of multidrug resistance related genes. Curcumin has explored new approaches for the treatment of tumor. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Immune responses and antitumor effects after radiofrequency ablation therapy in tumor patients CAI Kai, ZHANG Chuang, JIANG Tao 2013, 40 (11):  826-829.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.11.008 Abstract ( 798 )   PDF (649KB) ( 1308 )   Save Radiofrequency ablation therapy not only causes the necrosis of localized tumor cells, but also produces immunogenic tumor associated antigens and a large number of inflammatory cytokines and a variety of immunogenic mediums, which promotes the local infiltration and activation of immune cells and stimulates the immune system to produce certain antitumor effect. But the intensity of antitumor effect is feeble and is insufficient to inhibit the growth of tumor cells. Radiofrequency ablation therapy combined with special immunotherapies, such as immune stimulants, adoptive immunity cells therapy, dendritic cell vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and so on, can maximize the clinical benefit, which is a good pattern about tumor comprehensive treatment containing immunotherapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Neurobiology of head neck squamous cell carcinoma YANG Rong, LU Wei, JI Tong 2013, 40 (11):  830-833.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.11.009 Abstract ( 528 )   PDF (643KB) ( 1395 )   Save Neonatal nerves exist in tumor tissues, and tumor cells can invade nerve by neurogenesis. Current research shows that cancer cells can secrete cytokines to promote the differentiation and growth of nerve cells, in turn, the differentiation and growth of nerve cells can stimulate tumor development and metastasis. Neurogenesis is one way of interaction bettween tumor cells and microenvironment similar to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, which has a major impact on biological behavior of tumor cells and prognosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical trials of receptor protein tyrosine kinase inhabitors in malignant glioma ZHU Hao, XU Jin-Fang, SHEN Hong 2013, 40 (11):  833-836.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.11.010 Abstract ( 530 )   PDF (648KB) ( 1500 )   Save The occurrence and development of malignant glioma are closely related to abnormal overexpression and activation of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signal transduction pathways. Targeted therapeutic drugs such as RTK inhibitors, RTK downstream signaling pathway inhibitors and multitarget inhibitors can targeting treat malignant glioma at molecular level, some of which have been investigated in clinical trials and achieved good therapeutic effects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Fine needle aspiration combined with molecular biomarkers in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules XIE Chuan-Xin, WANG Sheng-Ying 2013, 40 (11):  836-839.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.11.011 Abstract ( 534 )   PDF (653KB) ( 1236 )   Save The check methods of thyroid nodules include palpation, serum thyroid hormone and highfrequency ultrasound. When the diagnosis is difficult, fineneedle aspiration (FNA) is carried to differentiate benign and malignant nodules. In clinical practice, approximately 20% of FNAderived cytology reports can not meet the standard of benign or malignant. Some specific molecular biomarkers are applied to the derivative detection of FNA, which achieve considerable progress and improve the preoperative diagnostic rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Molecular markers in the bone marrow micrometastasis of esophageal cancer MA Lan, LIU Lian-Ke 2013, 40 (11):  839-843.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.11.012 Abstract ( 356 )   PDF (665KB) ( 1306 )   Save In recent years, the bone marrow micrometastasis of esophageal cancer has become the research focus. Many studies show that epithelial cell molecules, angiogenesis markers, chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR-4), HER2, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) and stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) are closely related to the bone marrow micrometastasis of esophageal cancer. These molecular markers play important roles in esophageal cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reversal for acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer LI Chen-Chen, FENG Ji-Feng 2013, 40 (11):  843-846.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.11.013 Abstract ( 484 )   PDF (649KB) ( 1660 )   Save Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors targeted therapy is the forward position means for nonsmall cell lung cancer. However, acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors limits the development of targeted drugs. Using existing data on drug resistance in EGFRmutant lung cancer, this review discusses three basic approaches for overcoming resistance to EGFRtargeted therapies: intensification of EGFR inhibition, combination of EGFR inhibitors with other targeted therapies, and altering clinical management via alternate pathways. References | Related Articles | Metrics

New understanding and research progression for triplenegative breast cancer WANG Xin-Zhao, ZUO Wen-Shu, YU Zhi-Yong 2013, 40 (11):  846-849.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.11.014 Abstract ( 691 )   Save Triplenegative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease. It has distinct risk factors, molecular biology features, clinical presentations and prognosis. TNBC recurrence is common after resection, and the survival rate is low and available treatment options are few after recurrence. To date, chemotherapy is the main treatment strategy for TNBC. There is a great need for new molecular predictive marks and drug targets for improving the efficacy of TNBC treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy associated breast cancer ZHANG Shuo, WANG Meng-Sen, YU Yong-Hua 2013, 40 (11):  853-857.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.11.016 Abstract ( 626 )   PDF (655KB) ( 1551 )   Save Pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC) has many special characteristics, such as the clinical manifestation， pathology， diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Due to the delay of diagnosis, the survival rate is low and the prognosis is poor. Early diagnosis and comprehensive individualized treatment with operation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are needed to improve the prognosis of patients and prolong the survival period. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Treatment progress and nutritional assessment for the patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms during perichemotheraputic period DUAN Ying-Xin, LI Jun-Ling 2013, 40 (11):  858-861.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.11.017 Abstract ( 558 )   PDF (645KB) ( 1311 )   Save Malnutrition is the common complication for the patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms during perioperative period. Tumor and chemotherapy drugs are the main influencing factors of patients with malnutrition. The correct evaluation of the nutritional status in patients is the basis of individualized nutrition therapy. New evaluation methods and nutritional preparations could more help patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms during perioperative period to maintaining good nutritional status. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Biological therapy of ovarian cancer XU Hui-Ru, FENG Hui-Jing, ZHANG Jun-Ping 2013, 40 (11):  861-864.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.11.018 Abstract ( 714 )   PDF (649KB) ( 1193 )   Save In recent years, the biological therapy of ovarian cancer has made great progress. Immunotherapy including tumor vaccine and adoptive immunity cell therapy can improve immune recognition capability, while the applications of molecular targeted drugs such as monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors for different target spots during the tumor cells growth progresses achieve significant clinical benefit, as well as hormone replacement therapy and Chinese medicine treatment improve the life quality of patients with ovarian cancer to a certain degree. References | Related Articles | Metrics

188Re-HEDP for palliation of pain from bone metastases NIU Yu-Jie, ZHANG He-Long 2013, 40 (11):  864-866.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.11.019 Abstract ( 741 )   PDF (641KB) ( 1248 )   Save 188Re-HEDP  is a bisphosphonate which preferentially incorporates into the sites of bone metastases. It interacts with bone metabolism, suppresses the activity of osteolysis, and gathers in tumor bone metastases. Recently, researches show that 188ReHEDP has some advantages for palliation of bone metastasisrelated pain because of its favorable physicochemical and biological characteristics. 188ReHEDP radioisotopes therapy will be an effective method for bone metastatic tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and prognostic significance of TK1 and Ki67 in breast cancer Xia-Ting, ZHANG Le-Hong, CAO Teng-Fei, et al 2013, 40 (11):  867-870.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.11.020 Abstract ( 897 )   PDF (1029KB) ( 1486 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of the expressions of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) and Ki67 alone or their combination on the recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer. MethodsSixtyfive samples were selected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from March 2005 to June 2007, which were resected by surgical operation and confirmed as breast carcinoma by pathology. They were individed into two groups including 37 cases with recurrence or metastasis in 5 years (group A), 28 cases without recurrence or metastasis in 5 years (group B). The expressions of TK1 and Ki67 in the two groups were detected by immunohistochemical staining assay. Then, KaplanMeier assay was used to describe survival curve. ResultsThe positive expression rate of TK1 in group A was 91.8％, which was dramatically higher than that in group B 67.8％ (χ2=6.116, P=0.013). The positive expression rates of Ki67 in group A and B were 78.4％ and 42.9％ (χ2=8.635, P=0.003). The positive expression rates of TK1 combined with Ki67 in group A and B were 67.6％ and 39.3％ (χ2=5.159, P=0.023). Moreover, disease free survival of patients with positive expression of TK1 combined with Ki67 decreased significantly, compared with patients with positive expression of TK1 or Ki67 alone (χ2=6.137, P=0.046). ConclusionPositive expression of TK1 combined with Ki67 is the high risk factor of the reccurence or metastasis of breast carcinoma, and indicates poorer prognosis compared with positive expression alone. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Metastasis and drug resistance of human hepatocarcinoma cells mediated by glycogenes and N-glycans JIN Chang-Gong, LENG Wen, WANG Hua-Xin 2013, 40 (11):  871-876.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.11.021 Abstract ( 640 )   PDF (1826KB) ( 1414 )   Save ObjectiveTo identify the relationship among glycogenes, N-glycans and hepatocarcinoma metastasis and drug resistance by studying the differential expressions of glycogenes and N-glycans in MHCC97-H and MHCC97-L human hepatocarcinoma cell lines, and to confirm the novel target of hepatocarcinoma metastasis and anti-tumor therapy. MethodsRealtime PCR was used to quantitatively analyze glycogenes and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)lectin was used to analyze glycans characteristics. RNA interference approach was used to interfere the glycogenes, and the invasive ability in vitro and drug susceptibility of MHCC97-H cells were detected before and after interference. Modification of N-glycosylation (tunicamycin and PNGase F treatment) was done, and the invasiveness in vitro, tumorigenicity in vivo and drug susceptibility of MHCC97-H cells were detected before and after modification. ResultsThe expressions of glycogenes and glycans were different in MHCC97-H cells and MHCC97-L cells. The silence of MGAT5 in MHCC97-H cells inhibited invasion ability and increased sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in vitro（t=7.312, P﹤0.05）. Modification of N-glycosylation decreased MHCC97-H cells invasion ability in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo and increased sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil. ConclusionThe differential expressions of glycogens and N-glycans in human hepatocarcinoma cell lines correlate with tumor invasion and drug resistance, and they are expected to be novel targets of tumor chemotherapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics