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08 May 2013, Volume 40 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Bone morphogenetic proteins and tumors MI Dong, ZHANG Yue-Xiang, CHEN Shu-Qin, QI Pei 2013, 40 (5):  323-325.  Abstract ( 596 )   PDF (788KB) ( 1090 )   Save Bone morphogenetic proteins are multi-functional growth factors, they are found not only inducer of new bone formation, but also have critical roles in cell growth, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, embryogenesis and organogenesis. Studies show that BMPs are closely related to tumorigenesis and metastasis, which indicate that BMPs have important practical values in tumour therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

Autophagy and tumors LI Jiao, FAN Song-Qing 2013, 40 (5):  325-328.  Abstract ( 626 )   PDF (718KB) ( 2030 )   Save Recent studies show that autophagy ont only plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis in cells, but also palys a double role in the tumorigenesis and development of cancer. Studying the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and the relationship between autophagy and cancer have great significance for cancer treatment and prevention. Related Articles | Metrics

Mutual regulation of microRNA and DNA methylation in cancer DONG Qian-Qian, LIU Xiao-Feng, SHANG Rui-Lian 2013, 40 (5):  329-331.  Abstract ( 615 )   PDF (724KB) ( 1836 )   Save Both microRNA and DNA methylation are the important contents of epigenetic modification. Lots of studies have confirmed that mutual regulation of microRNA and DNA methylation involve in tumorgenesis and development of cancer. The studies of their mechanisms bring some new ideas for investigating the pathogenesis of tumors, and provide a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

Myloied derived suppressor cells and cancer SHAO Li-Juan, WANG Ruo-Yu, WU Ting-Ting, ZHAO Yong 2013, 40 (5):  332-335.  Abstract ( 843 )   PDF (724KB) ( 1745 )   Save Myeloid derived suppressor cells（MDSCs）are a subpopulation of immunosuppressive innate immune cells derived from bone marrow stem cells, which negatively regulate immune response in tumor progression. MDSCs have a powerful  suppressive function and significant heterogeneity. They can modulate innate and adaptive immune responses through a variety of mechanisms to promote the development of tumor, and also facilitate angiogenesis and metastasis of tumor via non immunologic mechanisms. In recent years, as increasingly mature research for the differentiation, proliferation and suppressive function of MDSCs, the derived  researches of MDSC-targeted tumor immunotherapy will finally contribute to increasing the efficiency of vaccine and tumor therapy in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

Applications of proteomics in the research of tumors HOU Wei-Wei, HOU Gang 2013, 40 (5):  335-338.  Abstract ( 707 )   PDF (723KB) ( 1637 )   Save Proteomics is an emerging discipline which studies the composition of proteins and their transformation rules at the cellular level and the overall level. Recently, proteomics has been used in a variety of studies of tumors. And it has made some progresses in explaining the mechanisms of tumors’ genesis and development, discovering new specific markers for tumors and new targets for drug treatment, and forecasting tumors’ biological behaviors. Related Articles | Metrics

Antineoplastic molecular mechanisms on bufalin QIU Yan-Yan, CAO Qin, YIN Pei-Hao 2013, 40 (5):  339-342.  Abstract ( 676 )   PDF (722KB) ( 1428 )   Save There is a long history of Toad venom in the treatment of cancer in China. Bufalin, extracted from Toad venom, is one of the biologically active compounds of anticancer. We elaborate the molecular mechanism of bufalin on anticancer activity from several aspects such as inducing cell apoptosis and differentiation, inhibitting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, enhancing the sensitivity of chemotherapeutics, which can provide the basis for in-depth study of Toad venom and its development and clinical medication. Related Articles | Metrics

Anti-tumor effects of statins SU Ke-Li, YIN Lin-Lin, LI Jing 2013, 40 (5):  342-344.  Abstract ( 699 )   PDF (714KB) ( 2152 )   Save Statins not only can help lower cholesterol, but also has certain effect for the treatment of malignant tumor. Its possible antitumor mechanisms include inducing apoptosis and differentiation, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, reducing the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, combined sensitization and chemical prevention effect. Related Articles | Metrics

Pasireotidein tumor diagnosis and treatment by translational medicine ZHU Hua, ZHOU Ni-Na, WANG Feng, YANG Zhi 2013, 40 (5):  345-347.  Abstract ( 662 )   PDF (712KB) ( 1235 )   Save The somatostatin analogue pasireotide is a new type of protein which is the first therapeutic agent targeted to the pituitary. Pasireotide can prevent adrenocorticotropic hormone release and inhibit the growth of tumor cells after coupling with somatostatin receptor of the target cell membranes. Pasireotide have a high binding affinity for most of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes and in particular for SSTR5. Pasireotide can paly an important role in the new round of new targets for individualized diagnosis and treatment of tumor through the studies of translational medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

MicroRNAand nasopharyngeal carcinoma CHENG Yin, LI Xiao-Jiang 2013, 40 (5):  348-350.  Abstract ( 667 )   PDF (708KB) ( 1564 )   Save MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of endogenous non-coding RNA which found in eukaryotes and has regulatory function. Its size is about 20 to 25 nucleotides. Recent study found that miRNA is closly related to the EBV, LMP1, signal transduction pathway, tumor-associated gene network, cell mitosis, tumor angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal. Therefore, studing the relationship between miRNA and nasopharyngeal will help to deepen the understanding of its pathogenesis, and also will provide new inspiration and basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

Advances in breast cancer stem cells WEI Jing-Ni, ZHOU Fu-Xiang 2013, 40 (5):  350-353.  Abstract ( 593 )   PDF (722KB) ( 1536 )   Save Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play an important role in radiation and chemotherapy resistance. Different cancer subtypes mean different BCSCs. Inhibitors for BCSCs are gradually explored in clinical trials. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are crucial process to tumor metastasis. CTCs seem to be associated with stem cell phenotype. Therefore, further research for BCSCs will enable us to achieve improvement of their clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

Chemokine 5 and its receptor in breast cancer ZHU Yong-Yun, ZHAO Ying-Chun, LUO Chuan-Yu 2013, 40 (5):  353-355.  Abstract ( 665 )   PDF (715KB) ( 1587 )   Save Chemokine CCL5 and its receptor CCR5, as one of the chemokine family, are involved in the processes of many diseases and especially play an important role in breast cancer. Recent researches show that chemokine CCL5 and its receptor CCR5 has an obvious impact on the tumorigenesis, invasion, metastasis, therapy and prognosis of breast cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Radiotherapy of lung metastasis YIN Hang, YOU Qing-Shan, XIAO Xing-Hua 2013, 40 (5):  355-359.  Abstract ( 781 )   PDF (732KB) ( 1438 )   Save Lung metastasis is one of the most common metastases. Metastasectomy is only indicated for selected patients, and most patients are unsuited to surgery. The main treatment is systemic chemotherapy, however, the long-term survival is limited. With the development of precision radiotherapies such as three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), it is proved that radiotherapy is favorable for the patients with lung metastasis, especially for limited lung metastasis. SBRT can be obtained better survival, but still need large prospective studies. Related Articles | Metrics

Progression of microRNA in gastric cancer HAN Jing, LING Zhi-Qiang 2013, 40 (5):  359-362.  Abstract ( 525 )   PDF (723KB) ( 1420 )   Save Recently, many studies find that microRNA plays a key role in the development, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of gastric cancer. It is confirmed that miR-451 can be used as a useful biomarker for the screening of gastric cancer. Studies also confirmed that miR-203 and miR-21 may become diagnostic markers of gastric cancer. MicroRNA can play the role of oncogenes, and also can play the role of tumor suppressor gene, such as miR-141 plays the role of tumor suppressor gene through inhibition of the positive fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene expression. Related Articles | Metrics

CXCL4 and its receptor in colorectal cancer CHAO Hong-Lei, WANG Yu 2013, 40 (5):  362-365.  Abstract ( 656 )   PDF (722KB) ( 1217 )   Save CXC chemokine ligand 4 (CXCL4) is a platelet-derived chemokine, and it belongs to CXC subfamily. Its receptor is CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), which belongs to the seven transmebrane G-protein-coupled receptor family, and its coreceptor is glycosaminoglycan (GAG). CXCL4 and its receptors take part in the regulation of many biological processes, such as immune regulation, inflammatory response, endothelial cell proliferation and migration and angiogenesis. Recent studies show that CXCL4 and its receptor have significant influence on the cell growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer,which offers a new perspective to explore the mechanism of colorectal cancer and its targeted therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical reseach progression of anorectal malignant melanoma YANG Wen-Jing, LI Yao-Ping 2013, 40 (5):  366-369.  Abstract ( 583 )   PDF (722KB) ( 1564 )   Save Anorectal malignant melanoma is a rare disease with atypical clinical symptoms and has a high misdiagnosis rate. Combined with rectal touch, endoscopy, ultrasonic inspection, CT, MRI, PET-CT, electron microscopy and the result of immunohistochemistry could help improve the diagnosis rate. This tumor tends to relapse and metastasis with poor prognosis, and there is no effective treatment. We should be on the alert for it, and the main point is early discovery, correct diagnosis, multi-disciplinary comprehensive treatment, in order to improve the survival rate of patients. Related Articles | Metrics

Minimally invasive treatment in early rectal carcinoma DOU Xue, WANG Ren-Ben 2013, 40 (5):  370-372.  Abstract ( 522 )   PDF (714KB) ( 1227 )   Save Radiotherapy alone and local excision combined with radiotherapy have been alternative treatments of early rectal carcinoma resection. Compared with radical surgery, both radiotherapy alone and local excision combined with radiotherapy can get satisfactory effect, and prevent the high rate of complications and adverse reactions, which will improve the quality of life for patients with rectal carcinoma and should be recommended. Related Articles | Metrics

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β and leukemia WANG Yan, XU You-Hua 2013, 40 (5):  373-376.  Abstract ( 585 )   PDF (723KB) ( 1510 )   Save Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a conserved cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein kinase. It can not only negatively regulate the classical Wnt and Akt signal pathways which are associated with leukemia, but also positively regulate the NF-κB, non-classical Wnt and lysosomal apoptosis signal pathways, thereby regulating the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of leukemia cells. At present, a variety of GSK3β inhibitors and activators have been reported in the researches of leukemia, which play important roles in reducing theadverse reactionsof chemotherapy, reversing multidrug resistance and enhancing killing effect to leukemia cells. GSK3β is expected to become a target of leukemia molecular targeted therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

Resistance mechanisms and the countermeasures of acute leukemia YANG Lu-Lu, LIU Xin 2013, 40 (5):  377-380.  Abstract ( 645 )   PDF (724KB) ( 1611 )   Save Acute leukemia (AL) is a malignant disease of clonal hematopoietic stem cell abnormalities. Chemotherapy is the main method for the treatment of AL, but the chemotherapy drug resistance has become a major obstacle to successful treatment. There is often a series of drug cooccurrence of drug resistance, and that is multidrug resistance. Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of capacity for liquor on vomiting induced by chemotherapy in male patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma PAN Zhi-Ge, LIU Wen-Qi, WANG Ren-Sheng, FAN Xiao-Ling 2013, 40 (5):  381-384.  Abstract ( 566 )   PDF (723KB) ( 1372 )   Save Objective  To explore the effect of the single maximum of alcohol consumption on vomiting induced by chemotherapy in male patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods  According to the single maximum of alcohol consumption, 48 cases of male patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were divided into two groups: group A (small capacity for liquor group 10-50 g), group B (large capacity for liquor group ＞50 g). The amount of alcohol intake was assessed by a questionnaire. The responses of vomiting and the effects of antiemetic therapy between the two groups during the first cycle after induction chemotherapy were observed. Results The incidence rates of vomiting induced by chemotherapy between the two groups were 52.0% and 17.4%, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (χ2=6.273,  P＜0.05). The incidence rates of grade 0, 1, 2 and 3 of vomiting in group A were 48.0%, 20.0%, 20.0%, 12.0%, in group B were 82.6%, 13.0%, 4.4%, 0, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (χ2=6.013,P=0.024). In the two groups, the complete control rate for acute vomit were 48.0% and 82.6% (χ2=6.273,P=0.012), for delayed vomit were 36.0% and 65.2% (χ2=4.090, P=0.043). There were also significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion With the increasing of capacity for liquor, the incidence of vomiting is significantly reduced, the degree of vomiting is distinctly alleviated, and the antiemetic efficacy is distinctly increased. Related Articles | Metrics

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal neoplasm: a systematic review ZHANG Zhi-Gang, ZHANG Qiu-Ning, WANG Dao-Ying, WANG Xiao-Hu 2013, 40 (5):  384-388.  Abstract ( 587 )   PDF (731KB) ( 1369 )   Save Objective  To assess the efficacy and safety of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal neoplasm. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were fully searched up from creating database to June 15, 2012. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of IMRT versus conventional radiotherapy (CRT) for nasopharyngeal neoplasm were included. The quality of included studies was evaluated by two individual researchers and data were analyzed by using RevMan 5.1 software. Results  Fifteen RCTs were included. Meta-analyses suggested that patients treated by IMRT had a higher fractional stimulated parotid salivary flow rate and a higher stimulated whole salivary flow rate than CRT. IMRT can significantly reduce the acute xerostomia (RR=0.46, P<0.000 1),reaction of mucosa (RR=0.86, P=0.04), reaction of skin(RR=0.33, P<0.000 1), long-dated xerostomia (RR=0.28, P=0.01) and limitation of mouth opening (RR=0.42, P=0.008). And IMRT trended to improve short-term efficacy(RR=1.22, P=0.02) and long-term survival (RR=1.25, P=0.04). Moreover, IMRT trended to shorten the treatment time while increasing the costs. Conclusion  Compared with CRT, IMRT trends to be superior for nasopharyngeal neoplasm.However, because of small sample size, the results need to be proved by more clinical trials. Related Articles | Metrics

Risk of cancer other than breast or ovarian in Chinese Han women with BRCA1/2 mutations LIU Jing, ZHANG Juan, 欧Yang-Tao , LI Jin-Feng, WANG Tian-Feng, FAN Zhao-Qing, FAN Tie, LIN Ben-Yao, JIE Yun-Tao 2013, 40 (5):  389-392.  Abstract ( 578 )   PDF (780KB) ( 1839 )   Save Objective  To investigate the risk of cancer other than breast or ovarian in Chinese Han women with family breast cancer who carried a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Methods  Germline mutations in BRCA1/2 genes in the cohort of 465 Chinese Han patients with familial breast cancer were screened using a PCR-sequencing assay. The proportion of cancer other than breast or ovarian was compared in mutantion group and non mutation group. Results  Among the 465 familial breast cancer patients, 47 (10.1%) were BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and 418 (89.9%) were non-carriers. There was no significant difference in the total proportion of cancers other than breast or ovarian in the family between BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers (27.7% vs 29.9%, χ2=0.10, P=0.75). But the tumor spectrum was different between the BRCA1/2 carriers and non-carriers. In the family of BRCA1/2 carriers, the most common cancers were gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer; while in the non-carriers, the most common cancers were lung cancer, gastric cancer, and esophageal cancer. The relative risk of gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer was significantly higher in the families of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers than that of non-carriers (17% vs 7.7%, odd ratio: 2.47, 95%CI: 1.07 to 5.74, P=0.048). Conclusion  This study suggests that the relative risk of gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer in BRCA1/2 carriers is moderate higher than in non-carriers in Chinese Han women. Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of high risk factors of liver metastasis in patients with postoperative colorectal cancer JIANG Yue, WANG A-Man, ZHANG Jie, BAN Li-Ying, ZHOU Tao 2013, 40 (5):  392-395.  Abstract ( 480 )   PDF (778KB) ( 1359 )   Save Objective To screen the risk factors of liver metastasis in patients with postoperative colorectal cancer and to set up a mathematic model. Methods  One hundred and sixty-eight patients received radical surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Logistics model regression was used to identify the risk factors and ROC test to complete a mathematic model. Results The 3 and 5-year incidence rate of liver metastasis was 25.0% and 33.3%, respectively. The risk factors of liver metastasis were lymph node metastasis (LNM), tumor invasive depth (TID), histological grading (G) and preoperative serum tumor markers (PSM). The mathematic model was: logit (P)=-0.931+0.973×LNM+0.302×TID+0.637×G+0.042×PSM. Conclusion The risk factors of liver metastasis were LNM, TID, G and PSM, and the mathematic model could be set up. Related Articles | Metrics