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08 May 2023, Volume 50 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Original Articles

Effects of GCSH gene on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer SNU-1 cells Yang Ya, Wang Huili, Liu Yan, Guo Jinfeng, Wang Chunxia, Lyu Min, Shan Changping 2023, 50 (5):  257-262.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20230302-00052 Abstract ( 172 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF (1829KB) ( 122 )   Save Objective To explore the effects of knocking down glycine cleavage system H protein（GCSH） on proliferation， apoptosis， oxidative stress and migration of gastric cancer SNU-1 cells in vitro. Methods SNU-1 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control group （no transfection）， negative control group （transfection of negative control siRNA） and GCSH knockdown group （transfection of GCSH siRNA）. Quantitative PCR was used to detect the knockdown effect. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the morphology of cells in each group. CCK-8 was used to test the proliferation of SNU-1 cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis and oxidative stress level， and scratch test was used to detect the cell migration. Results Quantitative PCR experiment showed that the relative expression levels of GCSH in the control group， negative control group and GCSH knockdown group were 1.29±0.16， 1.36±0.17 and 0.32±0.04， respectively （F=90.32， P<0.001）. There was no significant difference between the control group and negative control group （P=0.497）. Compared to the negative control group， the GCSH knockdown group was significantly decreased （P<0.001）. Immunofluorescence experiment showed no significant difference in the morphology of cells among the groups. The CCK-8 experiment results showed that the cell proliferation activities of the control group， negative control group and GCSH knockdown group were 2.63±0.12， 2.61±0.14， 2.45±0.14， respectively （F=6.35， P=0.005）. There was no significant difference between the control group and negative control group （P=0.751）， and the GCSH knockdown group significantly decreased compared to the negative control group （P=0.011）. The results of flow cytometry showed that the early stage apoptosis rates of SNU-1 cells in the control group， negative control group and GCSH knockdown group were （13.38±0.45）%， （12.86±0.65）%， （20.04±3.61）%， respectively （F=15.37， P<0.001）. There was no significant difference between the control group and negative control group （P=0.559）. Compared to the negative control group， the GCSH knockdown group significantly increased （P=0.002）. The late stage apoptosis rates of the three groups were （2.21±0.25）%， （2.68±0.45）%， （5.67±1.67）%， respectively （F=18.24， P<0.001）. There was no significant difference between the control group and negative control group （P=0.356）. Compared to the negative control group， the GCSH knockdown group showed a significant increase （P=0.024）. The reactive oxygen species positive rates in the control group， negative control group and GCSH knockdown group were （26.98±8.79）%， （28.27±5.63）%， （48.41±0.94）%， respectively （F=22.56， P<0.001）. There was no significant difference between the control group and negative control group （P=0.950）. Compared to the negative control group， the GCSH knockdown group significantly increased （P<0.001）. The cell migration rates of the control group， negative control group and GCSH knockdown group were （48.29±5.79）%， （51.66±2.29）%， （14.01±1.56）%， respectively （F=148.80， P<0.001）. There was no significant difference between the control group and negative control group （P=0.328）. Compared with the negative control group， the GCSH knockdown group significantly decreased （P<0.001）. Conclusion Knock down of GCSH gene can inhibit the proliferation and migration， increase cell apoptosis rate and oxidative stress of SNU-1 cells in vitro. GCSH gene may be a potential target for the treatment of gastric cancer. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Relationships between PIK3CA gene status and clinical features and prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer Li Bin, Zhang Guifang, Zhou Linjing, Yang Xiaodong, He Qiuli, Jia Sisi, Huang Puchao, Liang Jiaxin 2023, 50 (5):  263-267.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20230310-00053 Abstract ( 168 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF (822KB) ( 92 )   Save Objective To detect the status of PIK3CA in triple-negative breast cancer （TNBC）， and to analyze the relationships between PIK3CA mutation and clinical features and its impact on prognosis. Methods From January 1， 2016 to December 31， 2018， 50 patients with primary TNBC admitted to Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province were collected. The PIK3CA mutation status was detected， and the relationships between PIK3CA mutation and clinical characteristics of patients with TNBC and its impact on prognosis were analyzed. Results PIK3CA gene mutation was detected in 9 of 50 TNBC patients， with a mutation frequency of 18.0%. H1047R mutation was found in 4 cases， E545K mutation in 3 cases and E542K mutation in 2 cases. PIK3CA gene mutation was not associated with age （χ2=3.55， P=0.060）， tumor location （χ2=1.01， P=0.315）， tumor size （χ2<0.01， P>0.999）， lymph node status （χ2=0.76， P=0.385）， clinical stage （χ2=0.65， P=0.420）， Ki-67 value （χ2<0.01， P>0.999）， P53 status （χ2=0.02， P=0.894） and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 （HER-2） status （χ2=1.65， P=0.200）. Prognostic analysis showed that 3-year disease-free survival rates of wild-type PIK3CA patients was significantly higher than that of mutant PIK3CA patients （80.5% vs. 11.1%， χ2=28.23， P<0.001）. Conclusion The frequency of PIK3CA gene mutation is higher in TNBC patients. There is no correlation between PIK3CA mutation and clinicopathologic features in TNBC patients. PIK3CA gene mutation may be significantly associated with poor prognosis of TNBC patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Value of detection of peripheral blood miR-194 combined with fecal miR-143 in the clinical screening of colorectal cancer Chen Zhuo, Tao Jun, Chen Lin, Ke Jing 2023, 50 (5):  268-273.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20230307-00054 Abstract ( 116 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (829KB) ( 86 )   Save Objective To explore and analyze the value of detection of peripheral blood miR-194 combined with fecal miR-143 in the clinical screening of colorectal cancer. Methods A total of 83 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer by pathological tissue admitted to Huangshi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hubei Province from October 2019 to October 2020 were selected as the observation group， and 50 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group. The levels of miR-194 in peripheral blood and miR-143 in feces were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The level difference between the two groups and their correlations with clinicopathological parameters of patients with colorectal cancer were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was drawn based on peripheral blood miR-194 and fecal miR-143 to evaluate their value for clinical screening of colorectal cancer. Results The level of miR-194 in peripheral blood of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group （1.91±0.34 vs. 0.76±0.23）， while the level of fecal miR-143 in the observation group being significantly lower than that of the control group （1.85±0.43 vs. 2.48±0.62）， with statistically significant differences （t=21.16， P<0.001； t=6.91， P<0.001）. Age of patients with colorectal cancer （t=0.83， P=0.408； t=1.17， P=0.244）， TNM stage （t=1.03， P=0.307； t=0.11， P=0.909）， lymphatic metastasis （t=0.37， P=0.711； t=1.85， P=0.068）， distant metastasis （t=0.41， P=0.683； t=1.72， P=0.089） were not correlated with the levels of peripheral blood miR-194 and fecal miR-143. When the cut-off value of miR-194 in peripheral blood was 1.82， the area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was 0.76， and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 79.38% and 74.29%， respectively. When the cut-off value of fecal miR-143 was 2.16， the area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was 0.71. At this time， the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 76.54% and 73.61%， respectively. The area under ROC curve of combined detection for colorectal cancer was 0.81， and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 83.46% and 75.43%， respectively. Conclusion Peripheral blood miR-194 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer patients， and fecal miR-143 is low in colorectal cancer patients. The combined detection of the two has a high sensitivity for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer， which can provide important reference basis for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer and has high clinical application value. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of clinicopathologic features of false negative sentinel lymph nodes in patients with endometrial cancer Fan Mengsi, Lu Yaping, Yan Li 2023, 50 (5):  274-279.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20230217-00055 Abstract ( 115 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (723KB) ( 59 )   Save Objective To compare the clinicopathological features of patients with false negative and true negative pathological biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes in endometrial cancer， and to explore the related factors of missed diagnosis of sentinel lymph nodes. Methods From January 2020 to January 2022， 31 patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy combined with systematic lymph node resection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University were retrospectively analyzed， of which 2 were false negative and 29 were true negative. PubMed literature on sentinel lymph node false negative of endometrial cancer was searched from the establishment of the database to December 2022， with the search terms “Sentinel lymph node” “Endometrial neoplasms” and “False negative”. A total of 15 cases of false negative patients with similar methods to this study were extracted. In the false negative group， there were 17 false negative patients with sentinel lymph node negative but systemically excised lymph node positive， including 2 cases in our hospital and 15 cases in the literature. The true negative group included 29 true negative patients with negative sentinel and systemic lymph nodes， all from our hospital. The clinicopathologic features of the two groups were compared. Results There were statistically significant differences in tumor grade （χ2=6.09， P=0.014）， lymph vascular space invasion （P=0.012） and myometrial invasion （χ2=9.66， P=0.002） between the two groups. However， there was no significant difference in histological type between the two groups （χ2=0.19， P=0.661）. Conclusion There is a risk of false negative for sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with endometrial carcinoma with high-grade tumor， myometrial invasion ≥1/2 and lymph vascular space invasion. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

Research progress of solute carriers related genes in malignant tumors Liu Bohan, Huang Junxing 2023, 50 (5):  280-284.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20230305-00056 Abstract ( 168 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (722KB) ( 71 )   Save As a transport channel for amino acids， solute carrier （SLC） exists in all kinds of cells， and its function is to transport various amino acids and provide necessary nutrients for the growth and development of cells. In recent years， SLC7A5 and SLC7A11 genes of SLC7 family members have been found to be highly expressed in various malignant tumors， which can promote the occurrence and development of tumors by providing necessary amino acids for tumors. Studies have shown that these genes are associated with a variety of malignant tumors， and their expression is closely related to the growth， metastasis， treatment and prognosis of tumor cells. Moreover， the results of multiple studies suggest that SLC7A5 and SLC7A11 genes can be used as therapeutic targets for malignant tumors. Clarifying the expression and clinical significance of the above genes in malignant tumors， the molecular biological mechanism and the progress of molecular targeted therapy are helpful to provide a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Current status of GSDME research in malignant tumors Zhang Yuan, Feng Qinmei, Ma Meijie, Bai Zhiyu, Li Qi 2023, 50 (5):  285-289.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20230123-00057 Abstract ( 132 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (723KB) ( 60 )   Save Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death distincted from apoptosis and necrosis， which is accompanied by the lysis of cell membranes and the release of cell contents. Pyroptosis occurs as mediated by Gasdermin protein family and is dependent on the activity of caspase. GSDME is one of the most important members of the Gasdermin protein superfamily. GSDME-mediated pyroptosis relies on the activity of caspase-3. In recent years， with further research on pyroptosis， the mechanism of GSDME-induced pyroptosis is becoming clear. Numerous studies have shown that GSDME-mediated pyroptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors， as well as chemotherapy resistance. However， GSDME-mediated pyroptosis has no specificity and can induce pyroptosis of normal cells in the body while inducing tumor cell pyroptosis， thus causing different degrees of damage to various organs of the body. Further study on the mechanism of GSDME-induced pyroptosis， the role of GSDME in malignant tumors and the adverse reactions of chemotherapy can provide new ideas for tumor monitoring， treatment and prognosis judgment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of immune checkpoint agonist for solid tumor treatments Yue Hongyun, Zhang Baihong 2023, 50 (5):  290-293.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20220726-00058 Abstract ( 102 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (710KB) ( 69 )   Save Immune checkpoint consists of inhibitory and stimulatory molecules. Drugs blocking inhibitory checkpoint programmed cell death receptor-1 （PD-1） and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 （CTLA-4） are currently utilized for wide variety of human cancers. Agonists of stimulatory checkpoints such as GITR， OX40， 4-1BB， ICOS， CD40 and STING are undergoing critical clinical trials. Immune checkpoint agonists that affect stimulatory checkpoint molecules develop rapidly， and immune agonist antibodies thus represent an important approach for solid tumor treatments. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of pathomics in head and neck neoplasms Ju Yifan, Xu Chenyang, Lei Dapeng 2023, 50 (5):  294-298.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20230111-00059 Abstract ( 117 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (721KB) ( 44 )   Save Pathomics， the integration of digital pathology and artificial intelligence， is used to assess tumor diagnosis， treatment and prognosis by extracting， screening and analyzing the data features contained in pathological pictures. In recent years， more and more pathomics studies of head and neck neoplasms have shown great value in the areas of computer-assisted diagnosis， tumor microenvironment and biomarker identification as well as prognosis evaluation. It is expected to play an important role in clinical assistance and precise treatment of head and neck neoplasms in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical research progress of immunotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma Gu Anqin, Long Jinhua, Jin Feng 2023, 50 (5):  299-303.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20230120-00060 Abstract ( 182 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (730KB) ( 124 )   Save Immunotherapy mainly uses the effector units of the body's immune system to overcome the immune escape or adaptive immune resistance of tumors， accurately identify and remove tumor cells， and normalize or enhance the function of the immune system， which mainly includes cytokine therapy， immune checkpoint inhibition therapy， adoptive cell immunotherapy， tumor vaccine and antibody targeted therapy. The immune characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma make the patients potentially suitable for immunotherapy or combined therapy with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In recent years， PD-1 inhibitors alone and in combination with chemotherapy have shown good anti-tumor activity and safety in the treatment of recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors into the treatment paradigms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma has become a clinical research hot spot. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Progress in adjuvant therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma complicated with microvascular invasion Xu Fang, Zhu Wentian 2023, 50 (5):  304-309.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20230314-00061 Abstract ( 98 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (745KB) ( 40 )   Save Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly aggressive malignant tumor. Although the progress of surgical technology has made some achievements in surgical treatment alone， it still fails to significantly improve the long-term survival of patients. Studies have shown that the recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma is extremely high， while microvascular invasion is an important reason for early recurrence and poor prognosis. Therefore， appropriate postoperative adjuvant therapy measures are crucial to improve the survival prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with microvascular invasion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of machine learning in liver disease： improving diagnosis， treatment， and efficacy evaluation Chen Fengyang, Zhang Wei 2023, 50 (5):  310-314.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20230227-00062 Abstract ( 94 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (718KB) ( 47 )   Save Compared with traditional statistical models， machine learning in artificial intelligence has certain advantages in establishing predictive models. Currently， a large amount of research has been conducted on the application of machine learning in liver diseases. However， there is still no unified approach for selection of machine learning algorithms and steps of training different machine learning algorithms. As research progresses， predictive models based on machine learning combined with various omics have great potential in improving the diagnosis， treatment， and efficacy evaluation of liver diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics