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08 December 2020, Volume 47 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Propofol inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by up-regulating miR-195 Mao Zhijun, Liu Dong, Zhang Yuming, Xiao Qi, Ma Peng, Jiang Yan'an 2020, 47 (12):  705-711.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200907-00105 Abstract ( 335 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF (8595KB) ( 71 )   Save Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on the proliferation, migration and invasion of human gastric cancer cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods The cell viabilities of human gastric MGC-803 and HGC-27 cells under different concentration of propofol were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. MGC-803 cells were divided into control group and propofol group. Hoechst 33258 staining and electron microscopy were used to detect the apoptosis rates of the two groups of cells. Transwell experiment was used to detect the migration and invasion rates of the two groups of cells. The cells were then divided into control group, propofol group and propofol + miR-195i group. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression of miR-195 in the cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway proteins. Results At 24 h, the cell viabilities of MGC-803 cells under the action of 0, 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L propofol respectively were (100.00±4.96)%, (94.63±3.15)%, (77.38±6.73)%, (63.82±8.42)% and (35.94±7.01)%, with a statistically significant difference (F=5.148, P<0.001). The cell viabilities of MGC-803 cells under the action of 5, 10 and 20 mg/L propofol were decreased significantly compared to that under the action of 0 mg/L propofol (all P<0.05). At the same time, the effects of propofol for 48 and 72 h could also significantly reduce the viabilities of MGC-803 cells. Similar results were also detected in HGC-27 cells. The results of Hoechst 33258 staining showed that the percentage of positive cells in the control group was (3.73±1.81)%, and that in the propofol group was (25.44±1.05)%, with a statistically significant difference (t=6.415, P<0.001). The results of electron microscopy showed that the apoptosis rate in the control group was (4.60±1.36)%, and that in the propofol group was (28.15±1.99)%, with a statistically significant difference (t=10.729, P<0.001). Transwell results showed that the cell migration rate in the control group was (53.94±4.62)%, and that in the propofol group was (21.28±3.98)%; the cell invasion rate in the control group was (62.38±6.75)%, and that in the propofol group was (33.81±4.92)%, and there were statistically significant differences (t=4.628, P<0.001; t=6.418, P<0.001). qRT-PCR results showed that the relative expressions of miR-195 in the control group, propofol group and propofol + miR-195i group were 0.58±0.09, 1.24±0.22 and 0.63±0.16, with a statistically significant difference (F=1.547, P=0.001). miR-195 expression was increased significantly in the propofol group compared to the control group (P<0.001). Compared with the propofol group, miR-195 expression in the propofol + miR-195i group was decreased significantly (P<0.001). Western blotting results showed that the relative expressions of phosphorylase Janus kinase 1 (p-JAK1) protein in the control group, propofol group and propofol + miR-195i group were 1.18±0.36, 0.27±0.08 and 0.58±0.11; the relative expressions of phosphorylase signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) protein in the three groups were 0.83±0.16, 0.21±0.07 and 0.72±0.13, and there were statistically significant differences (F=1.655, P<0.001; F=2.520, P<0.001). The expressions of p-JAK1 and p-STAT3 protein in the propofol group were decreased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.001; P=0.001). The expressions of p-JAK1 and p-STAT3 protein in the propofol + miR-195i group were increased significantly compared to the propofol group (P=0.003; P=0.004). Conclusion Propofol can inhibit the cell proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer MGC-803 cells, and promote its apoptosis. Its mechanism may be related to the promotion of miR-195 expression and inhibition of JAK/STAT signal pathway activity. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of susceptibility weighted imaging in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of intracranial metastatic tumors Wang Hui, Liu Rong, He Juan, Batuer Tuerdi, Yu Taifei, Aihemaiti Tuohuti 2020, 47 (12):  712-715.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200802-00106 Abstract ( 299 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (5405KB) ( 201 )   Save Objective To explore the value of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in differential diagnosis of intracranial metastatic tumors. Methods Sixty-three patients with intracranial metastatic tumors (primary tumors of lung cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer, rectal cancer, bladder cancer and melanoma) and glioblastomas in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2018 to April 2020 were collected, and the intratumoral susceptibility signal intensity (ITSS) was evaluated semi-quantitatively. The grading characteristics of ITSS of metastatic tumors and glioblastomas were compared. Results Among the 81 intracranial metastatic tumors, 36 (44.4%) were grade 0, 25 (30.9%) were grade Ⅰ, 14 (17.3%) were grade Ⅱ and 6 (7.4%) were grade Ⅲ. Among the 27 glioblastomas, 27 (100%) were grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ. Grade 0-Ⅰ metastatic tumors of lung cancer accounted for 73.6% (28/38). Grade 0 metastatic tumors of breast cancer accounted for 84.6% (22/26). Grade Ⅱ metastatic tumor of kidney cancer accounted for 5/6. Grade 0-Ⅰ metastatic tumors of rectal cancer accounted for 4/5. Grade Ⅲ glioblastomas accounted for 77.8% (21/27). The difference of ITSS classification between intracranial metastatic tumors and glioblastomas was statistically significant (Z=7.013, P<0.001). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of ITSS ≤grade Ⅰ were 100% and 75.3% respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.936 (95%CI: 0.891-0.980, P<0.001). Conclusion The patients with intracranial metastatic tumor usually present ITSS grade 0-Ⅰ, and the patients with glioblastoma usually present ITSS grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ. SWI has a certain value for differential diagnosis of intracranial metastatic tumors. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical efficacy and safety evaluation of apatinib combined with tegio in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer Gao Shile, Lu Donghui, Liu Meiqin, Xu Xingjun, Xu Mingjing, Ma Huan 2020, 47 (12):  716-722.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200619-00107 Abstract ( 849 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF (4763KB) ( 215 )   Save Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions of apatinib combined with tegio in the second-line treatment of advanced esophageal cancer. Methods Seventy-two patients with advanced esophageal cancer from January 2018 to December 2019 in the Tumor Center of the No. 901 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force were selected as research objects. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into control group (n=36) and observation group (n=36). Patients in the control group were given irinotecan combined with tegio regimen chemotherapy, irinotecan 160 mg/m2, intravenous drip on the first day; tegio 50-60 mg orally each time, twice a day, oral administration for 2 weeks, discontinuation for 1 week, 3 weeks for 1 cycle. Patients in the observation group were given tegio with the same administration method and dosage as the control group, and apatinib 0.5 g orally each time, once a day, continuous oral administration, 3 weeks for 1 cycle. Patients of the two groups were treated for 4 cycles. The primary study endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). The secondary study endpoints were median overall survival (mOS), median progression-free survival (mPFS), quality of life scores and incidences of adverse drug reactions. Results After 4 cycles of treatment, the ORR and DCR in the observation group were 38.89% (14/36) and 63.89% (23/36) respectively, which were higher than those in the control group [16.67% (6/36) and 38.89% (14/36)], and there were statistically significant differences (χ2=4.431, P=0.035; χ2=4.503, P=0.034). The Karnofsky performance status score and special scale for esophageal cancer QLQ-OES24 score in the observation group were 75.23±10.65 and 76.55±9.12 respectively, which were higher than those in the control group (66.15±10.31 and 65.36±9.01), and there were statistically significant differences (t=7.285, P=0.018; t=7.613, P=0.015). The incidences of oral mucositis, hand-foot syndrome, hypertension, proteinuria and rash in the observation group were 38.89% (14/36), 50.00% (18/36), 25.00% (9/36), 11.11% (4/36) and 33.33% (12/36) respectively, which were higher than those in the control group [11.11% (4/36), 13.89% (5/36), 0 (0/36), 0 (0/36), 2.78% (1/36)], and there were statistically significant differences (χ2=7.407, P=0.007; χ2=10.797, P=0.001; χ2=10.286, P=0.001; χ2=4.235, P=0.040; χ2=11.359, P=0.001). The incidences of gastrointestinal reactions and bone marrow suppression in the observation group were 41.67% (15/36) and 30.56% (11/36) respectively, which were lower than those in the control group [66.67% (24/36) and 55.56% (20/36)], and there were statistically significant differences (χ2=4.531, P=0.033; χ2=4.589, P=0.032). There were no patients who withdrew due to severe adverse reactions.The mOS and mPFS of the patients in the observation group were 11.6 months and 8.1 months respectively, which were longer than those in the control group (8.9 months and 5.6 months), and there were statistically significant differences (χ2=8.015, P=0.012; χ2=8.721, P=0.007). Conclusion Apatinib combined with tegio in the second-line treatment of patients with advanced esophageal cancer can effectively prolong the survival time of patients, improve patients' quality of life, and the adverse reactions are tolerable. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Predictive value of PSAMR combined with PI-RADS v2 score in high-grade prostate cancer Ji Chundong, Liu Kai, Feng Yue, Wang Fei, Yang Jun, Xue Rongbo 2020, 47 (12):  723-727.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200716-00108 Abstract ( 740 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (4027KB) ( 202 )   Save Objective To explore the predictive value of prostate specific antigen mass ratio (PSAMR) combined with prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 (PI-RADS v2) score for high-grade prostate cancer. Methods The clinical data and auxiliary examination data of 207 patients with prostate biopsy and definite pathological diagnosis in the Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University from June 2017 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were taken blood for prostate specific antigen (PSA), and underwent multi parameter magnetic resonance imaging and prostate biopsy. According to the gold standard of pathological biopsy diagnosis, all patients were divided into two groups: high-grade prostate cancer group (n=95) and non-high-grade prostate cancer group (n=112) (including 26 cases of low-grade prostate cancer and 86 cases of benign prostate disease). The patient's age, prostate volume, PSA, prostate specific antigen density (PSAD), PSAMR and PI-RADS v2 score in the two groups were compared. The independent predictors of high-grade prostate cancer were selected by multivariate analysis. Logistic regression model with independent predictors was established for the prediction of high-grade prostate cancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Results In the high-grade prostate cancer group and non-high-grade prostate cancer group, the ages of patients were (77.34±7.76) years and (67.96±7.02) years, and there was a statistically significant difference (t=4.02, P<0.001); the prostate volumes were (44.00±15.31) cm3 and (63.90±28.45) cm3, and there was a statistically significant difference (t=19.05, P<0.001); the PSA levels of patients were (35.42±12.90) μg/L and (18.85±8.69) μg/L, and there was a statistically significant difference (t=6.55, P<0.001); the PSAD of patients were (0.86±0.36) μg/(L·cm3) and (0.32±0.13) μg/(L·cm3), and there was a statistically significant difference (t=12.85, P<0.001); the PSAMR of patients were 4.71±0.30 and 1.79±0.13, and there was a statistically significant difference (t=9.23, P<0.001); the PI-RADS v2 scores were 4.31±0.88 and 2.73±0.87, and there was a statistically significant difference (t=6.12, P=0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that there were statistically differences in age, PSA, prostate volume, PSAMR, PSAD and PI-RADS v2 scores (all P<0.05). The AUC value of PSAMR in predicting high-grade prostate cancer was 0.834 (threshold value was 2.480, P<0.001), the sensitivity was 0.804, and the specificity was 0.726. The AUC value of PI-RADS v2 score was 0.874 (threshold value was 3.500, P<0.001), the sensitivity was 0.800, and the specificity was 0.821. The AUC value of PSAMR combined with PI-RADS v2 score was 0.922 (threshold value was 0.690, P<0.001), the sensitivity was 0.995, and the specificity was 0.758. Conclusion PSAMR combined with PI-RADS v2 score can improve the diagnostic efficiency for predicting high-grade prostate cancer. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

G6PD and tumors Wang Zhong, Li Zhiyu, Li Chenyuan, Sun Si, Sun Shengrong 2020, 47 (12):  728-731.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200401-00109 Abstract ( 668 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (2930KB) ( 264 )   Save Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, participating in several metabolic processes and redox balance. Recently, studies show that kinds of tumor tissues have a high level of G6PD, which regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoradiotherapy resistance and plays a crucial role in tumor progression. Furthermore, G6PD may provide a promising therapeutic target for tumor. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Correlation between CXCR1 and malignant tumors Liu Yanquan, Shen Jianzhen 2020, 47 (12):  732-736.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200419-00110 Abstract ( 480 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (3996KB) ( 241 )   Save As an important member of the G protein coupled receptor superfamily, CXC chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) is also one of the most important and affinity receptors for CXC chemokine interleukin 8. CXCR1 is often expressed on the surface of cells such as neutrophils, monocytes and T cells, which can bind to CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)6, CXCL7 and CXCL8. Studies have found that CXCR1 plays a vital role in promoting the metastasis, chemotherapy resistance and maintaining the characteristics of tumor stem cells. Down-regulating the expression of CXCR1 can significantly inhibit the biological characteristics of malignant tumors. At present, the academic field regards CXCR1 as the proto-oncogene of malignant tumors. CXCR1 is expected to become a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of hyperprogressive disease after immunotherapy Xu Yangtao, Chen Biao, He Xiaoqin, Xu Ximing 2020, 47 (12):  737-740.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200118-00111 Abstract ( 1088 )   HTML ( 32 )   PDF (2896KB) ( 460 )   Save Hyperprogressive disease is a new pattern of progression recently described in patients with cancer treated with immunotherapeutics, which are represented by programmed cell death-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors. Hyperprogressive manifests as after anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, the patient's condition worsens and tumor grows faster. At present, on account of its unclear mechanism and a lack of effective treatment methods, the incidence of hyperprogressive is high and the prognosis of hyperprogressive patients is poor. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Progresses in clinical research of heavy ion therapy for cancer Wang Shan, Li Ping, Zhang Rui, Han Jianglong, Hu Qinyong, Fu Zhenming 2020, 47 (12):  741-745.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200117-00112 Abstract ( 541 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF (3875KB) ( 239 )   Save Heavy ion radiotherapy, especially carbon ion radiotherapy, has been paid more attention in cancer radiotherapy because of its good radiophysical properties and biological effects. Recent studies show that the heavy ion is effective in treating solid tumors. In the near future, heavy ion radiotherapy is promising to become the mainstream of the next generation of radiotherapy if it overcomes the existing technical difficulties. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Immunotherapy for head and neck cancer Zhou Fei, Liu Rui, Lyu Hongying, Liang Donghai, Chen Wenxiu, Yu Hongsheng 2020, 47 (12):  746-751.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200409-00113 Abstract ( 748 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (4557KB) ( 271 )   Save Immunotherapy provides new methods for head and neck cancer, including cancer vaccines, cytokines, immune cell activation and immune checkpoint regulators and so on. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved significant survival benefits, and programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab have been approved for second-line treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer. Other immunotherapies are in clinical trials and need to be further evaluated for safety and efficacy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

m6A methylation and breast cancer Yin Jianyun, Wang Peiwei, Gu Jianwei 2020, 47 (12):  752-755.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200703-00114 Abstract ( 396 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (2888KB) ( 223 )   Save m6A methylation can regulate RNA metabolism and participates in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. m6A methyltransferase, demethylase and methylated binding protein regulate the dynamic and reversible process of m6A methylation modification together. In recent years, studies have shown that methyltransferase-like (METTL)3, MELLT14, KIAA1429, fat-mass and obesity associated protein, YTH domain family member 1-3 and other related factors are abnormally expressed in breast cancer, which may affect the occurrence and development of breast cancer by regulating the methylation and demethylation process of m6A. Further studies will provide a new idea and target for clinical diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Advances of microRNA in the detection, treatment, drug resistance and prognosis of breast cancer Liu Hong, Wu Jian, Li Hongjiang, Yang Xiaoqin 2020, 47 (12):  756-760.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200306-00115 Abstract ( 411 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (3841KB) ( 219 )   Save microRNAs (miRNAs) are abnormally expressed in patients with breast cancer, which can be used in diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of breast cancer. Different molecular types and clinical stages of breast cancer have significant differences in expression profiles of miRNAs. The combined detection of multiple miRNAs in nipple discharge, blood and tumor tissues can comprehensively evaluate the disease status, which are contribute to the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Monitoring the level changes of miRNAs after treatment are contribute to assessing the therapeutic effect, monitoring the prognosis of the disease and providing timely and effective treatment for disease recurrence and metastasis. Targeted regulation of miRNAs related to drug resistance is a new opportunity for the treatment of breast cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Molecular typing and related stratification factors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Xiang Jie, Han Gaohua 2020, 47 (12):  761-764.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200608-00116 Abstract ( 684 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (3026KB) ( 241 )   Save The use of traditional histopathological characteristics to classify esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has great limitations to guide clinical treatment. The establishment of molecular classification of ESCC is an inevitable requirement for precise treatment/personalized treatment. At present, the molecular classification of ESCC has not yet reached a consensus, nor has it been widely used in clinical practice. Many molecular markers ranging from protein level, gene polymorphism, DNA methylation to non-coding RNA are closely related to the occurrence, development, treatment response, prognosis and other biological behaviors of ESCC. It is expected to establish the molecular typing system of ESCC based on these molecular markers to better guide clinical practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Recent advances in immunotherapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma Hou Yuanmei, Li Junpeng 2020, 47 (12):  765-768.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200214-00117 Abstract ( 686 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (2901KB) ( 224 )   Save Immunotherapy strategies have shown benefits in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), however a certain percentage of patients progress to relapsed or refractory MM. In addition to monoclonal antibodies against antigens on tumor cells, the latest immunotherapy strategies include bispecific antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor modified T cell and Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which provide more possibilities for immunotherapy of relapsed or refractory MM. References | Related Articles | Metrics