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08 March 2017, Volume 44 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Epidemiological analysis of esophageal cancer in Kashgar region in 2015 Anniwaer·Maimaiti, Chen Hailin, Yibulayin·Yibulayin, Abudushalamu·Abudula, Aziguli·Abudureyimu. 2017, 44 (3):  161-164.  Abstract ( 238 )   PDF (794KB) ( 782 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of esophageal cancer in Kashgar region, and to provide theoretical basis for the comprehensive prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer. MethodsA total of 1 815 cases of esophageal cancer were collected from January 2015 to December 2015. The morbid feature was analyzed and fittingconditional Logistic model multivariate analysis was used to infer the influence factors. ResultsIn 1 815 cases of esophageal cancer, the sex ratio was 2.4/1.0, and there were more men than women (χ2=5.90, P=0.015). Age of onset was mainly focused on 5170 years old. The incidence rate of Shule County was the highest. Logistic model multivariate analysis showed that esophageal cancer was closely related to the three factors: fast food intaking speed (χ2=17.756, P＜0.001), hot eating habit (χ2=8.234, P=0.003) and history of stomach diseases (χ2=14.421, P＜0.001). ConclusionThe morbidity of esophageal cancer maintains a high level in Kashgar region, which may be related to the local residents life habits, history of stomach diseases and other factors. Comprehensive strategy of prophylaxis and treatment must be taken. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical analysis of morphine hydrochloride sustainedrelease tablets combined with celecoxib in the treatment of advanced lung cancer with moderate to severe cancerinduced pain Li Xueqin, Chen Xi, Gong Quan, Shi Wei, Zhang Lijuan, Dong Hui, Wang Cunde 2017, 44 (3):  165-168.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.002 Abstract ( 786 )   PDF (721KB) ( 876 )   Save ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy, safety and life quality of patients of morphine hydrochloride sustainedrelease tablets combined with celecoxib in the treatment of advanced lung cancer with moderate to severe cancerinduced pain. MethodsA total of 247 patients of advanced lung cancer with moderate to severe cancerinduced pain were randomly divided into combination therapy group (n=127) and morphine monotherapy group (n=120) using simple random sampling digital table method. The differences of dose, efficacy, adverse drug reactions and life quality between the two groups were analyzed. ResultsIn achieving similar analgesic effect, the average maintenance dose of morphine in combination therapy group was (52.51±19.92)mg/d, lower than that in monotherapy group ［(58.75±20.64)mg/d, t=-2.414, P=0.017］. The incidence of constipation in combination therapy group was 34.6%, lower than that in monotherapy treatment group (47.5%, χ2=4.218, P=0.040). The life quality of the two groups were improved, and the life quality improvement rate in combination therapy group was 59.8%, higher than that in monotherapy treatment group (43.3%, χ2=6.736, P=0.009). ConclusionMorphine hydrochloride sustainedrelease tablets combined with celecoxib is effective in the treatment of moderate to severe cancer pain, which can reduce the dosage of morphine and reduce adverse reaction, so as to improve the life quality of the patients with advanced lung cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Influence of PD1 inhibitor pembrolizumab on T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in patients with late stage nonsmall cell lung cancer Huang Deliang, Yao Zhongping, Zhang Weizhong 2017, 44 (3):  169-172.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.003 Abstract ( 444 )   PDF (724KB) ( 2673 )   Save ObjectiveTo observe the changes of T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in patients with late stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before and after treatment with PD1 inhibitor and its clinical effect. MethodsTotally 23 patients with NSCLC in Guangzhou Modern Hospital from January 2015 to January 2016 were collected. All patients were given 6 cycles of PD1 inhibitor treatment after chemotherapy or targeted drug treatment failure. Peripheral venous blood was collected before and after treatment to detect the percentage of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and NK cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The curative effects were evaluated by chest CT after treatment of 2, 4, 6 cycles. ResultsCompared with before treatment, the proportions of CD3+ (69.56%±7.81% vs. 63.91%±6.43%， t=2.679, P=0.005), CD4+ (39.01%±4.98% vs. 36.09%±4.77%, t=2.031, P=0.024) and CD4+/CD8+ (1.82±0.48 vs. 1.49±0.32, t=2.743, P=0.004) were increased after treatment, with significant differences. While compared with before treatment, the proportions of CD8+ (24.08%±5.13% vs. 26.04%±6.44%, t=1.142, P=0.130) and NK cells (22.68%±9.56% vs. 21.45%±10.01%, t=0.426, P=0.337) had little changes, with no significant differences. There were 3 patients with complete remission, 10 patients with partial remission, 8 patients with stable disease and 2 patients with progressive disease when completing 6 cycles of PD1 inhibitor treatment. Ten patients showed untoward effects such as mild sleepiness, thirst, tussis, pruritus and rash, and they were well tolerable. ConclusionPD1 inhibitor can improve the patient′s cellular immune function, and can achieve a more satisfactory shortterm efficacy and acceptable adverse reactions, which maybe bring new hopes for patients with NSCLC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Correlation of AS160 hyperphosphorylation and 18FFDG uptaking in invasive breast cancer Wei Yu, Jiang Xiaohua, Ma Ning, Cheng Yi, Lyu Guifang, Wang Wei, Zhao Jinfen 2017, 44 (3):  173-176.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.004 Abstract ( 383 )   PDF (1083KB) ( 1030 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between AS160 hyperphosphorylation and 18Ffluorodeoxyglucose (18FFDG) uptaking in invasive breast cancer. MethodsThirtynine primary breast caner patients received PET/CT scan before operation and their maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax) were recorded. The levels of pAS160 (Thr642) were detected using immunohistochemical method in breast cancer tissues. The association between pAS160 (Thr642) levels and SUVmax was assessed using the Spearman nonparametric test. ResultsThe 18FFDG uptake of tumors of the 39 patients with primary breast caner was 6.1±2.7 (SUVmax). There was one false negative case in PET/CT scan imaging, compared with postoperative pathologic result. The positive rate of pAS160 (Thr642) was 76.9%, and it was positively correlated with SUVmax (r=0.672, P<0.001). ConclusionAS160 plays a significant role in the glucose metablism of breast cancer tissues and its hyperphosphorylation may contribute to the increased uptaking of glucose in patients with breast cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Correlation of expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule and lymph node metastasis of breast cancer Zhang Weiwei, Zhong Jingmin, Li Jing, Huang Sanqian, Liu Zhihong, Zeng Liang 2017, 44 (3):  177-181.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.005 Abstract ( 472 )   PDF (1623KB) ( 1036 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and significance of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in breast cancer. MethodsTwentythree cases of breast cancer tissue samples and paired lymph node metastases confirmed pathologically were collected. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics technology was used to screen and identify the differentially expressed proteins between primary tumor and lymph node metastasis of breast cancer. The expression of EpCAM was detected by Western blotting in 4 cases of primary breast cancer tissues and paired lymph node metastases. And the expressions of EpCAM in 252 cases of breast lesions were detected by immunohistochemical method. ResultsQuantitative proteomic examination results showed that differentially expressed proteins existed in breast cancer primary tumor and lymph node metastasis, and the expression of EpCAM in metastatic lesions was higher than that in primary tumor. Western blotting results showed that the expression of EpCAM in metastatic lesions (1.46±0.22) was higher than that in primary tumor (1.16±0.09), which was consistent with the results of proteomic. The immunohistochemical results showed that the positive expression rate of EpCAM in lymph node metastasis tissues (93.16%, 109/117) was significantly higher than that in primary breast cancer without metastasis (72.73%, 64/88), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=15.921, P=0.000). The positive expression rate of EpCAM in primary breast cancer with lymphatic metastasis (72.65%, 85/117) was lower than that in paired lymph node metastases (P=0.001). ConclusionEpCAM is differentially expressed in primary tumor and lymph node metastasis of breast cancer, which may be related to the lymphatic metastasis of breast cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Regulation of myeloidderived suppressor cells by prostaglandin E2 in tumor microenvironment Xie Huilan, Zhang Minhao, Gu Lianbing, Bao Hongguang 2017, 44 (3):  182-185.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.006 Abstract ( 436 )   PDF (728KB) ( 1124 )   Save Myeloidderived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells, play an important role in immune tolerance and immune suppression. In recent years, more and more research results show that the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has an inseparable relationship with MDSCs, and PGE2 through its relevant receptors, regulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and protein kinase A cell signaling pathways and secretion cytokines in tumor microenvironment, affects the development, differentiation and function of MDSCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Molecular mechanism of G2 phase cell cycle arrest in tumor cellsLin Lin*, Zhou Juying. *Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China Lin Lin, Zhou Juying 2017, 44 (3):  186-189.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.007 Abstract ( 718 )   PDF (728KB) ( 1361 )   Save The formation and progression of tumor is inseparable from the changes of cell cycle regulatory proteins. The G2M period block effect of tumor cells is especially important in slowing the growth of tumor and improving the curative effect. DNA damage receptor, signal transduction factor and effectors are the classical pathways to mediate G2 phase arrest of tumor cells, and have the potential to be new targets for tumor therapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effect and mechanism of Musashi2 and related signal pathways in genesis and progression of malignant tumorLi Jiarun, Ge Qiaofeng, Guo Geng, Wang Xiaogang. Li Jiarun, Ge Qiaofeng, Guo Geng, Wang 2017, 44 (3):  190-192.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.008作 Abstract ( 332 )   PDF (717KB) ( 825 )   Save In mammals, there are two RNAbinding proteins, Musashi (Msi)1 and Msi2, constituting the Msi family. Msi2 is mainly distributed among neural, hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, pancreatic and epithelial stem cells. It is of great importance to maintain the balance between proliferation and differentiation of stem cells and regulate their growth and development. The changed expression of this protein will induce genesis and progression of malignant tumor through many kinds of signal pathways. Thus, Msi2 is trusted to provide a predictive mark and a therapeutic target for related tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression of hepatomaderived growth factor in tumor and its related signaling pathway Yang Feilong, Li Dawei, Ren Juchao, Yan Lei, Zhou Zunlin, Liu Hainan, Xu Zhonghua 2017, 44 (3):  193-195.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.009 Abstract ( 418 )   PDF (717KB) ( 967 )   Save Recent studies find that the expression of hepatomaderived growth factor (HDGF) is closely correlated with the tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, therapy and prognosis of various malignancies. Though the mechanism of the interaction of HDGF and tumors is still unclear, the research of HDGF serving as a tumor marker in malignancies and a new target for tumor treatment has become a hotspot in the research of tumor. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Interferon regulatory factor3 and its alternative splicing isoforms in tumorLiu Zhonghui, Sun Dan, Liu Xinmin. Liu Zhonghui, Sun Dan, Liu Xinmin 2017, 44 (3):  196-200.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.010 Abstract ( 341 )   PDF (730KB) ( 1168 )   Save As a member of interferon regulatory factor family (IRF), IRF3 plays an important role in triggering the expression of type Ⅰ interferons and downstream interferonstimulated genes, contributing to many biological process. Researches have found that it plays an antioncogene role in inhibiting tumor proliferation and migration, inducing cell apoptosis. The mechanism involves in tumor immunity and inflammatory reaction, apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition. The alternative splicing isoforms of IRF3 act as negative modulators of IRF3 and affect tumor development progress. The recent signaling pathways and pathogenesis researches provide new ideas for early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Function of Cystatin SN and its relationship with tumors Jiang Shanshan, Xin 2017, 44 (3):  201-204.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.011 Abstract ( 495 )   PDF (724KB) ( 1491 )   Save   Cysteine protease inhibitor SN (Cystatin SN) is a secretory protein encoded by CST1, with the promotion of cell senescence and apoptosis activity, playing an important role in the regulation of proteolytic activity. Many studies have found that Cystatin SN is abnormally expressed in various kinds of tumors, and is closely related with the tumorigenesis and progression. Cystatin SN may play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Role of sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 in tumor microenvironment Wang Wei, Yang Xuejun 2017, 44 (3):  205-208.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.012 Abstract ( 474 )   PDF (724KB) ( 1107 )   Save The reversed pH gradient across the cell membrane on account of intracellular alkalinization and extracellular acidosis is an importart characteristic of tumor microenvironment. Sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) is ubiquitously expressed at the plasma membrane of many types of cells, which plays a critical role in intracellular pH and cell volume homeostasis.  NHE1 plays an important role in the regulation of tumor microenvironment and involves in tumor migration and invasion, which may be a potential new target in anticancer therapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Mechanisms of cancer treatment by radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade Chen Zehong, Su Ruxiong, Yang Zike, Kang Shijun 2017, 44 (3):  209-212.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.013 Abstract ( 511 )   PDF (722KB) ( 836 )   Save With the further researches on the immune mechanisms in tumor, more and more scholars notice the phenomenon that radiation activates the immunity, and find that "radiotherapy causes immunity suppression" is onesided. Although body′s antitumor immunity can be enhanced by radiotherapy, in clinical, we observe that patients who receive radiotherapy cannot avoid tumor recurrence and metastasis. Researches show that tumor microenvironment makes the immune checkpoint pathway abnormally activated. Therefore, the combination of radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor can change the tumor microenvironment, and can improve the therapeutic effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

exokinaseⅡ role in tumor growth and targeting therapyW Wang Haohua, Chen Xiuxing, Guo Guifang 2017, 44 (3):  213-216.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.014 Abstract ( 416 )   PDF (725KB) ( 1497 )   Save The energy for tumor cells mainly derives from the aerobic glycolysis, that is, the Warburg effect, which also provides a large amount of precursor substances for the growth of tumor cells. HexokinaseⅡ (HKⅡ), highly expressed in tumor tissue, is the ratelimiting enzyme of glycolysis and closely related to the energy metabolism of tumor. Recent studies have showed that HKⅡ not only mediates Warburg effect, but also promotes tumor proliferation by inhibiting tumor cell apoptosis and regulating autophagy. It has been confirmed that blocking HKⅡ gene expression and inhibiting HKⅡ with small molecule inhibitor can kill tumor cells in many kinds of cancer. Agent targeting HKⅡ may become a new generation of targeted drugs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical consensus and progress of prophylactic cranial irradiation Liu Yandong, Zhou Juying 2017, 44 (3):  217-220.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.015 Abstract ( 494 )   PDF (725KB) ( 1151 )   Save Prophylactic cranial irradiation is an effective means of dealing with brain metastasis of cancer, which can reduce the incidence of brain metastasis by killing the micrometastasis and then improve the prognosis. The effectiveness has been verified in small cell lung cancer, but the application is still in the exploration in nonsmall cell lung cancer （NSCLC） and breast cancer. Prophylactic cranial irradiation is expected to become the conventional treatment for patients with NSCLC of ⅢAN2 stage after operation and adjuvant chemotherapy or breast cancer of epithelial growth factor receptorpositive after receiving trastuzumab. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of esophageal collision tumor Wang Hongliang, Sun Yaxin, Li Jiamei, Lin Xiaoya 2017, 44 (3):  221-223.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.016 Abstract ( 547 )   PDF (717KB) ( 968 )   Save Esophageal collision tumor is an extremely rare tumor which defined as the concrescence of two distinct primary neoplasms. The pathobiological mechanism of collision tumors is yet to be understood. Clinical symptoms, endoscopic examination and imaging are all lack of specificity. Diagnosing a collision tumor prior to surgery is difficult. Careful pathological examination is crucial for accurately diagnosing the neoplasms in a collision tumor and ensuring appropriate management and a favorable prognosis. Esophageal collision tumors have been increasingly reported in recent years. With the aim of improving the knowledge level of esophageal collision tumor, the clinical and pathological features of this tumor is needed to be summarized. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Molecular classification of gastric cancer Wang Bingzhi, Xue Liyan, Lyu Ning 2017, 44 (3):  224-227.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.017 Abstract ( 609 )   PDF (725KB) ( 2504 )   Save Gastric cancer has high heterogeneity, and the traditional histopathologic classification has a limited significance for clinical work. Along with the dramatic development of molecular detection technology, it may be much more helpful for the treatment and prognosis to use the molecular classifications. Recently, there have been many researches on the molecular classification of gastric cancer, such as Tan type, Lei type, clonality type, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) type, Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) type, and so on. All of these molecular classification methods have respective advantages and disadvantages. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Preoperative hematological indexes used to evaluate the prognosis of gastric cancer patients Zhang Baoying, Cui Jing, Jiang Lei, Guan Quanlin. 2017, 44 (3):  228-230.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.018 Abstract ( 415 )   PDF (716KB) ( 991 )   Save Gastric cancer is a highrisk tumor in China, with high malignant degree, high mortality and poor prognosis. Hematological indexes are preoperative routine examination with low prices. Hematological indexes (such as tumor markers, inflammation index, etc) can be used to overall evaluate tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and recurrence of gastric cancer patients, which are helpful for us to better understand the surgical risks, and take preventive measures and improve the survival rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of the competing endogenous RNA in primary hepatocellular carcinoma He Xiaoqin, Xu Ximing 2017, 44 (3):  231-234.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.019 Abstract ( 372 )   PDF (724KB) ( 971 )   Save Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) transcripts can communicate with microRNAs (miRNAs) through competitively binding the common miRNA response elements (MREs), which remove or decrease the repression of target genes of miRNAs. The present studies indicate that a large amount of genes, serving as ceRNAs, can promote or inhibit the occurrence of liver cancer by competing the binding site of same genes that can promote or suppress tumorigenesis． References | Related Articles | Metrics

High mobility group box 1 and its role in cervical cancer Chen Gang, Zhuang Fangcheng 2017, 44 (3):  235-238.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.03.020 Abstract ( 438 )   PDF (781KB) ( 757 )   Save Extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) can cause persistent inflammation via related receptors and signal pathways such as receptor for advanced glycation endproduct, Tolllike receptors and chemokines 12, which results in tumorigenesis. In patients with cervical cancer, the expression of HMGB1 increases with the rising of malignant grade. HMGB1 participates in the genesis and development, invasion and metastasis of cancer through multiple processes. The expression of HMGB1 is inhibited by RNA interference, thus affects the invasion and migration of cervical cancer cell, which provides a new concept for the development of antineoplastic agents. References | Related Articles | Metrics