Table of Content

08 February 2016, Volume 43 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks

Toggle Thumbnails

Inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on residual Lewis lung cancer cells in mice after palliative surgery SUN Ning-Bo, WANG Wei, ZHU Qiang, CAO Ming, JIANG Zhong-Min, ZANG Qi 2016, 43 (2):  81.  Abstract ( 296 )   PDF (1155KB) ( 1294 )   Save Corresponding author: Zang Qi, Email: qzang2005@sina.com【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on residual Lewis lung cancer cells in mice after palliative surgery. MethodsThe model of residual Lewis lung cancer cells in C57BL mice after palliative surgery were established, then accordance with the random number table, 18 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 animals in each group: the normal saline group, cisplatin group, and dexamethasone group. After operation, the subcutaneous tumor nodules of each mouse were measured on days 410 using vernier calipers (accuracy of 0.1 mm). The expressions of hypoxia induction factor1α (HIF1α) and mean vascular density (MVD) in the normal saline group, cisplatin group and dexamethasone group were assessed by paraffin immunohistochemical assay. The expressions of HIF1α, VEGF and PCNA mRNA and protein in the three groups were assessed by realtime quantitative PCR and Western blotting. ResultsTumor growth curve showed that the tumor volume in cisplatin group (200.34±20.94)mm3 and in dexamethasone group (436.58±37.94)mm3 were obviously decreased compared with the normal saline group (1 398.81±192.85)mm3, with statistically significant differences (t=-1201.75，P<0.001；t=-921.52，P<0.001). As Paraffin immunohistochemical assay showed, in cisplatin group and dexamethasone group, the expressions of HIF1α(2.67±0.43，1.67±0.43) and MVD counts (17.01±3.24，9.89±2.25)were decreased significantly compared with the normal saline (4.21±0.35，29.75±5.64), with statistically significant differences (t=-1.55，P<0.001；t=-1.83，P<0.001；t=-12.68，P<0.001；t=-18.35，P<0.001). The results of realtime quantitative PCR showed that the expressions of HIF1α (0.56±0.11), VEGF (0.61±0.18) and PCNA mRNA (0.38±0.07) in dexamethasone group were obviously reduced compared with the normal saline group (1.21±0.13，1.13±0.26，1.06±0.08), with statistically significant differences (t=-0.55, P<0.001; t=-0.62, P<0.001; t=-0.69, P<0.001). The expressions of HIF1α (0.31±0.12), VEGF (0.30±0.13) and PCNA mRNA (0.18±0.06) in cisplatin group were also obviously reduced compared with the normal saline group, with statistically significant differences (t=-0.73, P<0.001; t=-0.76, P<0.001; t=-0.81, P<0.001). The results of Western blotting showed that the expressions of HIF1α (85.98±20.86), VEGF (173.28±30.98) and PCNA protein (228.96±22.97) in dexamethasone group were decreased significantly compared with the normal saline group(198.98±29.89，378.98±28.98，357.98±35.98), with statistically significant differences (t=98.78, P<0.001; t=85.68, P<0.001; t=120.86, P<0.001). The expressions of HIF1α (65.78±18.62), VEGF (109.43±19.86) and PCNA protein (176.86±22.76) in cisplatin group were decreased significantly compared with the normal saline group, with statistically significant differences (t=132.86，P<0.001; t=108.68，P<0.001; t=154.74，P<0.001).ConclusionDexamethasone can effectively inhibit the growth and angiogenesis of the residual Lewis lung carcinoma after palliative surgery in mice, and may also provide a new method of postoperative adjuvant therapy for patients, especially who received palliative surgery. Related Articles | Metrics

Application of near infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green in sentinel node biopsy for cN0 oral carcinoma LIN Jian-Ying, YANG Xi-Hong, GUO Hai-Peng, XU Man-Bin, XU Shao-Wei, PENG Han-Wei 2016, 43 (2):  86.  Abstract ( 310 )   PDF (1190KB) ( 1073 )   Save 【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and validity of near infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green in sentinel node biopsy for cN0 oral carcinoma. MethodsThirty cases of previously untreated oral carcinoma staged cT13N0M0 were enrolled in this study. 1 ml of indocyanine green (25 mg/5 ml) was injected both around the primary tumor in a 4 quadrant pattern and in the base of the tumor before skin incision. After elevation of the platysma flap and posterior retraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, fluorescence images were taken with a near infrared fluorescence detector until the hotspots were captured, then the hotspot lymph nodes were removed. Lymph nodes identified with fluorescent hotspots and verified in vivo were defined as sentinel nodes, and they were harvested and sent together with neck dissection specimen for pathologic study. ResultsSentinel nodes were successfully harvested in all 30 cases. The number of sentinel nodes per case varied from 1 to 9, with an average number of 3.4. Routine pathology demonstrated that occult metastasis was exclusively found in the sentinel nodes in 5 cases (16.67%), and all the other lymph nodes were free from metastasis. No tracer associated adverse effects occurred in this series. ConclusionNear infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green has a high detection rate in sentinel node biopsy for cN0 oral/oropharyngeal carcinoma and the sentinel nodes can evaluate the cervical metastatic status accurately. It is an easy, feasible and promising method, which is worthy of further investigation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and clinical significance of serum chemokines in patients with lung cancer WANG Wan-Wan, SUN Jun-Ning, CAO Zhen, LI Hai-Yan, SU Wen 2016, 43 (2):  90.  Abstract ( 333 )   PDF (735KB) ( 1324 )   Save 【Abstract】ObjectiveTo detect the expression levels of multiple serum chemokines including IFNinducible T cell chemoattractant (ITAC), Fractalkine, macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)3α, IL8, MIP1α, MIP1β in patients with lung cancer and explore their association with the clinical characteristics of lung cancer as well as the correlations among these chemokines. MethodsForty newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer and thirty healthy controls were enrolled for detection of the serum levels of 6 kinds of chemokines by Luminex technology. The correlations of clinical characteristics of lung cancer with these chemokines and the correlations among these chemokines were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software. ResultsThe serum levels ［M(QR)］ of IL8, Fractalkine and MIP3α in patients with lung cancer were 5.16（4.74）, 128.45(141.89), 10.31(8.88) respectively, and 2.01（0.95）, 61.46(74.81), 8.08(5.87) respectively in control group, with significant differences (Z=-4.783, P＜0.001; Z=-4.046, P＜0.001; Z=-3.105, P=0.002). The expression of MIP1β in lung adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in squamous carcinoma ［18.32(12.27) vs. 13.72(7.31), Z=-2.212, P=0.027］, and of ITAC in squamous carcinoma was significantly higher than that in small cell lung cancer ［24.51(22.48) vs. 9.28(4.85), Z=-2.460, P=0.014］. The expressions of MIP3α and Fractalkine were positively correlated in the two groups (r=0.619, P＜0.001; r=0.766, P＜0.001). ConclusionThe expressions of IL8, Fractalkine and MIP3α increase significantly in lung cancer patients, and they are may play important roles in metastatic lung cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of risk factors associated with postoperative lower respiratory infections in the elderly patients with lung carcinoma ZHU Jing-Lan, CHEN Hui, LUAN Wei 2016, 43 (2):  95.  Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (725KB) ( 1127 )   Save Objective To explore the possible risk factors associated with postoperative lower respiratory infections in the elderly patients with lung carcinoma, and to formulate the appropriate preventive strategies according to the results of the study. Methods From January 2014 to April 2015, 182 elderly patients with lung carcinoma who were undergoing surgical treatment in Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University were collected. All patients were divided into infection group (n=29) and control group (n=153) according to whether occuring postoperative lower respiratory infections or not. The possible risk factors associated with postoperative lower respiratory infections were analyzed by single factor analysis and multivariable Logistic regression model. Results Single factor analysis showed that the postoperative lower respiratory infections of elderly patients with lung carcinoma were associated with age (t=-3.03, P<0.05), smoking (χ2=5.69, P=0.02), albumin (t=2.40, P=0.02), forced expiratory volume (FEV) 1.0% (t=5.85, P<0.05), lung carcinoma stage (χ2=7.06, P=0.01), small cell lung cancer (χ2=5.09, P=0.02), complication with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (χ2=16.28, P<0.01) and complication with coronary heart disease (χ2=10.13, P<0.01). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.131.59, χ2=11.17, P<0.01), smoking (OR=12.68, 95%CI: 2.0678.04, χ2=7.50, P=0.01), FEV1.0% (OR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.830.97, χ2=7.76, P=0.01), squamouscell carcinoma (OR=6.88, 95%CI: 1.4133.56, χ2=5.70, P=0.02), complication with COPD (OR=12.44, 95%CI: 1.41109.90, χ2=5.15, P=0.02) and complication with coronary heart disease (OR=10.61, 95%CI: 2.2590.50, χ2=7.18, P=0.01) were independent risk factors for postoperative lower respiratory infections in the elderly patients with lung carcinoma. Conclusion Age, smoking, squamouscell carcinoma, low value of FEV1.0%, complication with COPD or coronary heart disease can increase the risk of postoperative lower respiratory infections in the elderly patients with lung carcinoma. Comprehensive and effective preventive strategies should be performed to reduce the risk of postoperative respiratory infections. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Efficiency and prognostic factors of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation combined with intensity modulated radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus YU Guang-Ji, LI Qiang, LIU Song, WANG Qing-Dong 2016, 43 (2):  99.  Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (727KB) ( 1247 )   Save Objective To investigate the efficacy and prognostic factors of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). Methods Sixtythree cases of HCC with PVTT were retrospectively analyzed. All of them received 13 time(s) of TACE therapy followed by RFA. IMRT was finally performed to PVTT. Both the therapeutic effects of HCC and PVTT were observed in 6 to 8 weeks after IMRT therapy. The longrun efficacy was observed by analyzing the 13 year(s) survival rate, and the hazards to prognosis were analyzed. Results The CR, PR, SD, PD numbers and rates in PVTT were 9 cases (15.0%), 36 cases (60.0%), 10 cases (16.6%), and 5 cases (8.3%). The effective rate in PVTT was 75.0%. Meanwhile the CR, PR, SD, PD numbers and rates in HCC were 19 cases (31.6%), 30 cases (50.0%), 6 cases (10.0%), and 5 cases (8.3%). The effective rate in HCC was 81.6%. The 1, 2 and 3 year survival rates were 73.3%, 45.0% and 27.0%, respectively. ECOG score (χ2=53.046， P=0.000), history of hepatitis (χ2=6.472， P=0.030), tumor size (χ2=7.293， P=0.026), the number of tumor（χ2=24.382， P=0.000）, the types of tumor thrombus (χ2=28.085， P=0.000) and ChildPugh class（χ2=6.184， P=0.040）were independent hazardous factors for survivals. Conclusion TACE combined with RFA is effective treatment for HCC with PVTT patients with low frequency of severe complications and high rate of tumor response. ECOG score, history of hepatitis, the size and number of tumor, the types of tumor thrombus, ChildPugh class are the factors that influence the long curative effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Prophylactic use of antibiotics for cancer inpatients with leukocyte count ≤1×109/L SUN Jia-Teng, JIA Shi-Jing, JU Gui-Fang, RONG Yue, WU Di 2016, 43 (2):  103.  Abstract ( 237 )   PDF (716KB) ( 1267 )   Save Objective To investigate the infection prevention effect of prophylactic use of antibiotics for cancer inpatients with leukocyte count ≤1×109/L. Then to provide the basis for rational use of antibiotics. Methods It was retrospectively surveyed that the infection situation and prophylactic usage of antibiotics in the 426 cancer inpatients with leukocyte count ≤1×109/L caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Results In the 426 inpatients, the infection rates of patients with and without prophylactic use of antibiotics were 11.0% and 20.9% respectively. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.815，P=0.009). The leukocyte count median values of patients with and without infection were 0.73×109/L and 0.77×109/L respectively. The difference had no statistical significance（Z=-1.257，P=0.209）.  The main infection sites were lower respiratory tract, upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract with infection rates of 48%, 12% and 11%, respectively. The top five pathogens were Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The most use of antibiotics were cephalosporin. Conclusion When the leukocyte counts of cancer inpatients are less than or equal to 1×109/L induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, reasonable prophylactic use of antibiotics can reduce hospital infection rates. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and functional mechanism of high mobility group A2 in neoplasm LI Qing, LU Ying, ZHANG Chun-Ying, MAO Jun, LI Lian-Hong 2016, 43 (2):  106.  Abstract ( 259 )   PDF (724KB) ( 1084 )   Save The high mobility group A2 (HMGA2), one of nonhistone chromatin protein, can specificly bind to ATrich DNA sequences by its AThook and work as oncofetal gene and architectural transcription factor. HMGA2 expresses in almost all kinds of malignant neoplasms, which is closely related to the formation, development and poor prognosis of the neoplasms. HMGA2 plays a very important role in every biological process including cell proliferation, cell cycle, stem cell selfrenewal, epithelialmesenchymal transition and DNA damage repair. It is of great significance to study the effect and mechanism of HMGA2 in neoplasms. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Role and regulatory mechanism of microRNA449 in cancer WANG Xiao-Li, CHANG Yong-Chao, LIU Gang 2016, 43 (2):  110.  Abstract ( 228 )   PDF (716KB) ( 1228 )   Save More than 50% microRNAs (miRNAs) are located in tumorassociated genome of amplification region or fragile site, which may also act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor gene (TSG).  Recently, researches show that the expression of miR449 is lower in human gastric, lung and ovarian cancer, and may act as TSG. The abnormal expression of miR449 plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis and progression, and elucidating its function and regulatory mechanism can provide valuable diagnostic, prognostic biomarker for cancer management. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Anticancer effect of metformin and regulation on HIF-1α GAO Jun-Rong, ZHANG Ti, CAO Man-Qing, ZHANG Xue-Jun, ZHU Xiao-Lin 2016, 43 (2):  113.  Abstract ( 425 )   PDF (720KB) ( 1186 )   Save Studies show that metformin inhibits the proliferation of several types of cancer cells. All evidences, therefore propose the antitumor effect of metformin. Metformin can repress the oxygen consumption of tumor cells, and suppress hypoxiainducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) accumulation through the translational and posttranslational mechanisms, and suppress the expression of HIF-1α by activating AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK). References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research on histone deacetylase as a target for anticancer therapy LI Nan, JIANG Da-Ming, LIU Shuang-Ping 2016, 43 (2):  116.  Abstract ( 231 )   PDF (718KB) ( 1475 )   Save The disequilibrium of histone acetylation and deacetylation may cause tumor. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) maintain the equilibrium between histone acetylation and deacetylation by catalyzing the deacetylation of histone. They are related to many regulation processes containing transcription of oncogene, cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis and so on. HDACs inhibitors have become the hot field of researches, more than ten different HDACs inhibitors are testing for the treatment of both hematological and solid malignancies and show obvious antitumor activity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The correlation between nucleolin and biological behavior of tumor WANG Xiao, GAO Yong, LI Yan-Dong 2016, 43 (2):  119.  Abstract ( 521 )   PDF (716KB) ( 1859 )   Save Nucleolin is implicated in many pathological processes, particularly in inflammatory diseases, viral infection and neoplasms. Nucleolin levels are increased in several neoplasms and its localization changed, which play important roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis of neoplasms. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Immunosenescence and its role in cancer TIAN Jian-Hui, LUO Bin, LIU Jia-Xiang 2016, 43 (2):  122.  Abstract ( 323 )   PDF (784KB) ( 1999 )   Save Immunosenescence is a biological process featured by the structural and functional decline of immunity in ageing people, which favors the carcinogenesis by rendering the body′s immune surveillance and tumor escape. Decreasing clearance of tumor cells by macrophages and natural killer cell reflects the immunosenescence of innate immune, also, the tumor antigen presentation ability of dendritic cell is decreased. While, the decline of the CD8+ T cells cytotoxic effect and the secretion of tumor growth factor accounts for the immunosenescence of adaptive immunity. Intervention of immunosenescence may produce the novelty ideas of prevention and treatment of cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Discoidin domain receptor 2 and its expression and role in tumor WANG Lei, LIU Dong-Ming 2016, 43 (2):  126.  Abstract ( 381 )   PDF (723KB) ( 1654 )   Save Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that can be activated by fibrillar collagens （ⅠⅢ , Ⅹ）.Recently researchers show that the DDR2 is expressed differently in many cancers，which suggests DDR2 is probably correlated with tumorigenesis and cancer development，and it may become a promising cancer therapeutic target. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Voltagegated potassium channel Kv1.5 and cancer CHEN Zhi-Da, ZENG Wen-Rong, LIN Bin, WU Xin-Yu, WU Jin 2016, 43 (2):  130.  Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (720KB) ( 1470 )   Save The voltagegated potassium channels Kv1.5 is widely expressed in the plasma membranes of numerous tumor cells and it can contribute to a variety of cellular functions such as proliferation， apoptosis, and cell cycle. Several types of antineoplastic drugs can change the expression of Kv1.5 and then affect the biological processes. Kv1.5 is identified as a novel target for therapy in human cancer. The researches of Kv1.5 will contribute to gain a further understanding of the molecular mechanism of tumor and provide therapeutic opportunity for the prevention and treatment of cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The advances in diagnosis and treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer with PET-CT ZHAO Xiang-Rong, ZHANG Yong, YU Yong-Hua 2016, 43 (2):  133.  Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (737KB) ( 1234 )   Save PET-CT plays a increasing important role in the treatment of lung cancer. Compared with CT, the advantage of PET-CT is obvious, which is more accuracy when determine a metastasis and identify inflammatory lesions. What′s more, on the basis of the accuracy staging, PET-CT change many strategies which were based on traditional image, resulting in improving the treatment effect. While the assessment and prediction of the efficacy by PET-CT also exerted an important influence on the formulation of treatment strategies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of primary extramedullary plasmacytoma LIN Jun, GAO Da 2016, 43 (2):  138.  Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (719KB) ( 1603 )   Save Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare tumor characterized by proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells,  often occurs in the head and neck, followed by gastrointestinal and skin. Diagnosis is based on biopsy, which is the only accurate and reliable method. EMP is needed to discriminate with similar diseases. Radiotherapy is the preferred treatment method of EMP, because it has a higher radiation sensitivity. Sometime we can choose comprehensive treatment because of illness need. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is not as the preferred treatment option because of transplant rejection. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 in cancer PENG Juan-Fei, ZHANG Shi-Neng 2016, 43 (2):  141.  Abstract ( 233 )   PDF (727KB) ( 1304 )   Save Plasmacytoma variant translocation1（PVT1） is a very important long nocoding RNA, which located at chromosome 8q24.21 in human beings. Aberrant expression and polymorphism of PVT1 was closely associated with various kinds of cancers such as malignant lymphoma, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and affected survival and prognosis of cancer patients. This mainly attribute to its interactin with myc, miRNAs and other proteins, and also gene polymorphism. Further study of PVT1 is expected to provide a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research advances on second primary malignancies of oral cavity following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma ZHAO Nan, WU Tong, CHENG Bin 2016, 43 (2):  145.  Abstract ( 274 )   PDF (718KB) ( 1546 )   Save Radiotherapy is the primary treatment modality for nasopharyngeal carcinoma（NPC） which can effectively control the disease. Oral cavity, anatomically near nasopharyngeal region is the main area for the occurrence of complication of radiotherapy. Second primary malignancy （SPM） in oral cavity is an important factor interferencing NPC patients survival rate. The etiology of oral SPM is unclear and, the prognosis is poor. The research of it is still in exploration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Progress of maintenance therapy for advanced nonsmallcell lung cancer Wen-Zhen-Ping, HAN Ya-Ling 2016, 43 (2):  148.  Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (725KB) ( 1620 )   Save The efficacy of the standard firstline chemotherapy regimen for advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has reached a plateau. Study confirmed that chemotherapy drugs and molecular targeted drug maintenance treatment can prolong the survival of patients with advanced NSCLC. Immunotherapy has become a maintenance treatment for advanced NSCLC, and further research is needed to confirm its efficacy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of circulating DNA in colorectal cancer HUANG Zong-Hua, XU Dan-Dan, ZHANG Fei-Yan, SONG Li-Hua, SONG Xian-Rang 2016, 43 (2):  152.  Abstract ( 366 )   PDF (719KB) ( 1151 )   Save Circulating DNA is defined as a kind of extracellular DNA that exists in plasma，cerebrospinal fluid and synovial fluid. The concentration of circulating DNA of cancer patients is significantly higher than that in healthy people. The genetic and epigenetic alterations of circulating cellfree nucleic acids are relevant to cancer development and progression, for example, gene mutation, DNA methylation and microsatellite instability and so on. The quantitative and qualitative detection of circulating DNA shows promising potential value in cancer screening, diagnosis, disease monitoring treatment and prognosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

SALL4 and its clinical application value in nongerm cell tumors CHEN Yuan-Yuan, YE Yuan-Yuan, XU Feng, LI Zhi-Zhen, LIU Ying-Bin, HAN Bao-San 2016, 43 (2):  155.  Abstract ( 578 )   PDF (725KB) ( 1368 )   Save Sallike 4 (SALL4) plays an important role in promoting the cellular proliferation and maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells and tumor cells. In fully differentiated cells, the expression of SALL4 is silenced or downregulated. However, the expression of SALL4 is found to be restored or upregulated in a variety of nongerm cell tumors. Besides, the expression of SALL4 is often associated with disease progression, treatment effect and prognosis. Therefore, examining the expression level of SALL4 will be of great importance in the diagnosis of disease and monitoring the disease progression for nongerm cell tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics