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08 March 2016, Volume 43 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Influence of S100A6 gene RNA interference on the biological behaviors of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells Nan Yandong,Jiang Hua,Jin Faguang,,Yang Shuanying 2016, 43 (3):  161-166.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.03.001 Abstract ( 342 )   PDF (1123KB) ( 1413 )   Save Objective To investigate the influence of S100A6 gene RNA interference on the biological behaviors of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Methods The S100A6 gene RNA interference vector was transfected in A549 lung adenocarcinoma by lentivirus. The experiment was divided into three groups: pLenR-GPH group (the vector without S100A6 RNAi gene was transfected), negative control group (no vectors was transfected),  and  RNAi group (the vector with S100A6 RNAi gene was transfected). S100A6 mRNA and protein were detected using realtime PCR and Western blotting. The biological behavior including cell proliferation, invasion, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were detected by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazoly)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide, transwell, and flow cytometer, respectively. Results The expression of S100A6 mRNA of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line in RNAi group (0.009±0.001) was significantly decreased than those in negative control group (0.049±0.005) and pLenR-GPH group (0.030±0.006), with statistically significant differences (t=57.56, P=0.000; t=48.21, P=0.000). The expression of S100A6 protein of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line in RNAi group (0.107±0.002) was significantly decreased than those in negative control group (0.341±0.005) and pLenR-GPH group (0.311±0.006), with statistically significant differences (t=37.34, P=0.000; t=27.51, P=0.001). The ability of cell proliferation at 48 hours in RNAi group (0.230±0.008) was significantly declined than those in negative control group (0.292±0.038) and pLenRGPH group (0.307±0.013), with statistically significant differences (t=25.31, P=0.003; t=29.42, P=0.001). The number of transmembrane cells in RNAi group (11.40±1.36) was significantly declined than those in negative control group (26.80±1.83) and pLenRGPH group (25.80±1.93), with statistically significant differences (t=29.44, P=0.001; t=23.17, P=0.005). The cell proportion of S phase in RNAi group (28.26%±0.38%) was significantly lower than those in pLenR-GPH group (44.73%±0.66%) and negative control group (45.15%±1.69%)， with statistically significant (t=63.69, P=0.000; t=71.55, P=0.000). Cell propotion of G2-M phase in RNAi group (26.99%±0.29%) was significantly higher than those in negative control group (13.26%±0.49%) and pLenR-GPH group (12.41%±0.46%)， with statistically significant (t=56.31, P=0.000; t=51.39, P=0.000). The cell apoptosis proportion in RNAi group (8.90%±0.48%) was significantly higher than those in negative control group (5.84%±0.21%) and pLenRGPH group (5.99%±0.37%), with statistically significant (t=51.34, P=0.000; t=47.27, P=0.000). Conclusion S100A6 gene involves the proliferation, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis of tumor cells, which has close correlation with occurrence, development and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma. S100A6 gene is hopeful to become a molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expressions and clinical significances of TRAIL and its receptors in non-small cell lung cancer Li Dongliang, Li Haiyan, Han Lei, Duan Yijun, Sun Junning, Zhang Ning, Su Wen 2016, 43 (3):  167-170.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.03.002 Abstract ( 369 )   PDF (797KB) ( 1051 )   Save Objective To investigation the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their clinical significances. Methods The serum expression levels of TRAIL in 79 cases of NSCLC and 80 cases of normal subjects were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of TRAIL-R2 and TRAIL-R4 in 42 cases of NSCLC and matched normal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationships among TRAIL, TRAIL-R2, TRAIL-R4 and clinicopathologic features of NSCLC were analyzed. Results The expression of TRAIL in NSCLC patients was lower than that in normal human ［(994.3±293.0)ng/ml vs. (1 141.7±266.1)ng/ml, t=3.29, P=0.00］. The expression of TRAIL was closely correlated with clinical stage (F=2.28, P=0.00) and differentiated degree（t=5.76, P=0.00). The positive expression rate of TRAIL-R2 in NSCLC was 73.8% (31/42), significantly lower than that in the normal tissue 100.0% (42/42) (χ2=3.88, P=0.05). The expression of TRAIL-R2 was closely correlated with clinical stage (χ2=27.89, P=0.00) and differentiated degree (χ2=9.50, P=0.00). The positive expression rate of TRAIL-R4 in NSCLC was 81.0% (34/42), significantly higher than that in the normal tissue 50.0% (21/42) (χ2=7.34, P=0.01). The expression of TRAIL-R4 was also closely correlated with clinical stage (χ2=17.82, P=0.00) and differentiated degree (χ2=4.47, P=0.03). There was a negative correlation between the expression of TRAIL-R2 and TRAIL-R4 in NSCLC (r=-0.67, P=0.01). Conclusion The decrease of TRAIL and TRAIL-R2 and increase of TRAIL-R4 expression may promote the occurrence and development of NSCLC, and they may provide targets for clinical treatment of NSCLC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Overexpression of UBE2D3 gene in esophageal carcinoma cell line EC109 can influence the proliferation, migration and the sensitivity to cisplatin Gao Xiaojia, Yang Hui, Wu Lin, Lu Shan, He Zhongshi, Wang Wenbo, Zhou Fuxiang, Zhou Yunfeng 2016, 43 (3):  171-176.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.03.003 Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (1543KB) ( 1147 )   Save Objective To establish a stable transfection of UBE2D3 gene in esophageal carcinoma cell line EC109, and investigate the gene overexpression effects of migration, proliferation, and the sensitivity to cisplatin in the cell line. Methods pEGFP-C1 and pEGFP-UBE2D3 plasmids were transfected into the esophageal carcinoma EC109 strain. G418 screening method was used to select stably transfected cell lines which were named as control group (NC) and overexpression group (OE), respectively. The expression efficiency was verified by RT-PCR and Western blotting, the migration was evaluated by scratch test, and the proliferation and sensitivity of cells to cisplatin were respectively determined by CCK-8 assay and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Results Relative to EC109 cells, the mRNA expression of UBE2D3 of NC group was 1.010±0.590, that of OE group was 2.026±0.898. The protein expression of UBE2D3 of NC group was 0.923±0.237, OE group was 1.520±0.487, respectively. The expression of mRNA and protein level of UBE2D3 in NC was similar to that in EC109 cells (t=1.005, P＞0.05; t=1.492, P＞0.05), while that in OE was much higher than both above (t=6.682, P<0.05; t=9.150, P<0.05). The migration length of NC group was (0.161±0.062)mm at 12 h, while that of OE group was (0.052±0.007)mm (t=4.370, P<0.05). The migration length of NC group was (0.309±0.071)mm at 24 h, compared with OE group was (0.074±0.012)mm (t=3.644, P<0.05). At 12 h and 24 h, relative to NC group, the migration length of OE group was 0.236±0.051 and 0.241±0.037, respectively, which pointed out that the migration of OE was significantly lower than that of NC. For the 1st day, the proliferation of OE was 0.713±0.220 compared with that in NC (t=13.466, P<0.05), and it was 0.848±0.241 (t=27.241, P<0.05) and 0.742±0.233 (t=15.107, P<0.05) at the 2nd day and 3rd day, respectively. The IC50 of OE group was 0.356±0.154 (t=4.326, P<0.05) relative to that of NC by disposing with cisplatin at the 1st day, it was 0.445±0.098 (t=5.870, P<0.05) and 0.481±0.096 (t=5.009, P<0.05) at the 2nd day and 3rd day, respectively. The IC50 of OE group was less than that of NC group; when deposed with 5 μg/ml cisplatin, both proliferation of OE and NC group was slower than before. At the 1st day, 2nd day and 3rd day, the proliferation of OE group was 0.606±0.283 (t=8.872, P<0.05), 0.759±0.089 (t=16.771, P<0.05) and 0.569±0.574 (t=7.885, P<0.05) relative to NC group, respectively. Moreover, relative to NC group, fraction surviving of OE group was 0.831±0.323 (t=24.226, P<0.05), 0.875±0.102 (t=33.541, P<0.05) and 0.853±0.359 (t=28.187, P<0.05) at those time points above, respectively. The proliferation of OE was slower compared with that in NC, and the inhibition efficiency of cisplatin on the proliferation of OE was more significant than that of NC. Conclusion UBE2D3 gene overexpressed in esophageal carcinoma cell line EC109 strain may result in the cell′s phenotype inhibition of the migration and proliferation and enhance its sensitivity to cisplatin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for 90 patients in different parts of esophageal carcinoma Chen Li, Wang Buhai, Dai Erxun， Ge Yizhi, Jiang Yaqi. 2016, 43 (3):  177-179.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.03.004 Abstract ( 394 )   PDF (637KB) ( 1241 )   Save Objective To explore the effectiveness and esophageal strictures of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with cervical and upperthoracic esophageal cancer (EC) and middle-thoracic and lower-thoracic EC. Methods Between January 2011 and December 2014, ninety patients with different parts of EC were treated with radiotherapy combined with concurrent chemotherapy in People′s Hospital of Subei. The median irradiation dose was 60 Gy. The chemotherapy regimens consisted of Paclitaxel and Nedaplatin. Of all the patients, 48 patients had cervical and upper-thoracic EC, 42 patients had middle-thoracic and lower-thoracic EC. The response rates, the local control rates, the survival rates and esophageal strictures were evaluated between two groups. Results The follow-up rate was 100%. The response rates of the patients with cervical and upper-thoracic EC and middle-thoracic and lower-thoracic EC were 81.2% and 73.8% (χ2=0.717, P=0.397), respectively. The 1-year local control rates of the patients with cervical and upper-thoracic EC and middle-thoracic and lower-thoracic EC were 90.3% and 71.8% (χ2=5.865, P=0.015), respectively. The 1-year survival rates of the patients with cervical and upper-thoracic EC and middle-thoracic and lower-thoracic EC were 87.5% and 69.0% (χ2=4.580, P=0.032)， respectively. The moderatetosevere esophageal strictures rates of the patients with cervical and upper-thoracic EC and middlethoracic and lower-thoracic EC were 55.6% and 29.4% (χ2=5.360, P=0.021), respectively. There were no significant differences in short-term effects between the cervical and upper-thoracic EC and middle-thoracic and lower-thoracic EC. The patients with cervical and upper-thoracic EC showed significantly higher 1-year local control rates, 1-year survival rates and esophageal strictures rates than those with middle-thoracic and lower-thoracic EC. Conclusion The effectiveness of concurrent chemoradiotherapy is better in the patients with cervical and upper-thoracic EC than in those with middle-thoracic and lower-thoracic EC, but the esophageal stenosis is more severe in the patients with cervical and upper-thoracic EC than in those with middlethoracic and lower-thoracic EC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expressions and clinical significances of Hepcidin, BMP6 and HJV in gastric cancer Li Rong, Lu Ye, Cheng Xu, Yan Min, Pan Xiangtao 2016, 43 (3):  180-183.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.03.005 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (846KB) ( 1001 )   Save Objective To study the expressions of Hepcidin, bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) and hemojuvelin (HJV) in gastric cancer, and to explore their relationships with clinical pathological characte-ristics. Methods Hepcidin, BMP6 and HJV were detected by immunohistochemistry in 62 cases of gastric cancer patients, and the relationships among them and clinical pathological features were analyzed. Results Compared with normal gastric mucosa tissues, Hepcidin was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues (13.3% vs. 56.5%, χ2=8.99， P＜0.01), while the differences of the expression of BMP6 and HJV in the two groups were not statistically significant (60.0% vs. 40.3%, χ2=1.89, P＞0.05; 93.3% vs. 83.9%, χ2=0.88, P＞0.05). The expression of Hepcidin was related to T stage (χ2=6.98, P=0.02), but it was not related to age, sex, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and anemia. The expressions of BMP6 and HJV were not related to T stage, age, sex, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and anemia. Hepcidin was not related to the expressions of BMP6 and HJV (r=0.13, P＞0.05; r=0.15, P＞0.05). Conclusion Hepcidin is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues, which is related to the T staging of gastric cancer, and can be used as an objective indicator of the biological behavior of gastric cancer. There were no differences in the expression of BMP6 and HJV between normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer tissues. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expressions of CD147 and EGFR protein and their relationship with metastasis and prognosis of gastric cancer Zhou Ping, Fu Yong, Gao Wenhua, Lu Ning 2016, 43 (3):  184-187.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.03.006 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (1060KB) ( 1263 )   Save Objective To investigate the expressions of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer molecule CD147 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein in gastric cancer and their relationship with the pathological behavior and prognosis. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of CD147 and EGFR protein in 63 cases of gastric cancer and 40 cases of paracancerous normal tissues. The study was also combined with analysis of the pathological behavior and clinical follow-up survey of gastric cancer. Results The positive expression rates of CD147 and EGFR protein in gastric cancer were 77.8%（49/63） and 42.9%（27/63）, respectively, which were higher than those in paracancerous normal tissues 25.0% and 0 （χ2=27.851， P=0.000； χ2=23.233， P=0.000）. In gastric cancer, the expressions of CD147 and EGFR were closely related to the depth invasion （χ2=5.992， P=0.014； χ213.148， P=0.000）, TNM stages （χ2=8.481， P=0.004； χ2=14.589， P=0.000）, lymph node metastasis （χ2=5.270， P=0.022； χ2=20.261， P=0.000） and prognosis of patients （χ25.606，P=0.018； χ2=4.982， P=0.026）. The expression of CD147 was also significantly correlated with Ki-67 expression （χ2=10.481， P=0.001）. CD147 expression was positively correlated with EGFR expression（r=0.309， P=0.014）. Conclusion The expressions of CD147 and EGFR are closely related to carcinogenesis, metastasis and survival time of gastric cancer. Detecting the expressions of CD147 and EGFR may be prognostic indicators of gastric cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and significance of  Sirtuin 1 in human colorectal cancer Huang Liyong, Pan Jie, Shen Xuning, Jiang Honggang 2016, 43 (3):  188-192.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.03.007 Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (792KB) ( 878 )   Save Objective To research the expressions of Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in colorectal cancer and normal tissue and the relationship with clinicopathologic features. Methods The expression levels of SIRT1 mRNA and protein were detected respectively by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-QPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 45 cases of colorectal carcinoma and 30 cases of normal mucous membrane tissue, and the relationships between the expression status and clinicopathologic features were analyzed. Results In colorectal carcinoma, the expression of SIRT1 mRNA were higher than that in control group ［M(QR): 2.488(3.447) vs. 1.563(2.867), Z=-2.304, P＜0.05］, so was the protein level (71.1% vs. 43.3%, χ2=5.787, P=0.029). The expression of SIRT1 was associated with lymph node metastasis (RT-QPCR: Z=-2.160, P=0.031; IHC: P=0.043), neoplasm stages (RT-QPCR: Z=-2.411, P=0.016; IHC: P=0.008), and might associated with the tissue differentiation (RT-QPCR: χ2=10.864, P=0.004; IHC: P=0.322). On the other hand, no significant differences were observed regarding age, sex, tumor size, gross type, depth of invasion, tumor site and distant metastasis. Conclusion The expression of SIRT1 in colorectal cancer is higher than that in control group, the high level of SIRT1 is related to the tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal cancer as well as correlated with prognosis in colorectal cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Expressions and clinical significances of IL-10 and IL-18 levels in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasias and cervical carcinoma Wang Yuntao, Zeng Guilin, Li Bin, Xue Zhihong, Zeng Shouqun 2016, 43 (3):  193-197.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.03.008 Abstract ( 485 )   PDF (880KB) ( 1081 )   Save Objective To explore the expressions and significancse of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-18 in serum and tissues of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) and cervical cancer, and to analyze their relationships with clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis. Methods One hundred and eight patients′ tissues and clinical blood samples (68 cases of CIN and 40 cases of squamous cell carcinoma) were enrolled in this study, including 25 with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINⅠ), 43 with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINⅡ-Ⅲ), and 40 with invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); meanwhile, 20 cases normal cervical tissues were enrolled. The expressions of IL-10 and IL-18 in cervical tissues and serum of the studied patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction. Meanwhile, second generation hybrid capture was used to detect human papilloma virus(HPV) DNA in cervical smears obtained from the studied patients with the different lesions. The relationships among IL-10 and IL-18 with HPV DNA and clinical prognosis were analyzed. Results The expressions of IL-10 and IL-18 in normal control serum were (212.75±62.09), (187.84±81.03)pg/ml respectively. The expressions of IL-10 in CINⅠ, CINⅡ-Ⅲ and SCC serums were (324.71±75.87), (397.43±68.56), (482.77±104.05)pg/ml, with statistically significant difference (F=17.657, P=0.001). The expressions of IL-18 in CINⅠ, CINⅡ-Ⅲ and SCC serums were (305.53±64.08), (392.74±87.38), (499.86±92.04)pg/ml, with statistically significant difference (F=13.309, P=0.003).The relative expressions of IL-10 in normal control, CINⅠ, CINⅡ-Ⅲ and SCC tissues were 0.99±0.01, 3.24±0.68, 7.32±0.99, 13.24±1.03, with statistically significant difference (F=21.694, P=0.000). The relative expressions of IL-18 in normal control, CINⅠ, CINⅡ-Ⅲ and SCC tissues were 0.98±0.01, 2.02±0.84, 7.01±1.59, 14.38±2.10, with statistically significant difference (F=19.912， P=0.001). The expressions of IL-10 and IL-18 were positively associated with HPV infection (r= 0.696, P=0.001; r=0.852, P=0.001). The median survival time of patients with high expressions of IL-10 was 9.74 months, which obviously shorter than those patients with low expressions of IL-10 (24.47 months), with statistically significant difference (χ2=21.363, P=0.001). The median survival time of patients with high expressions of IL-18 was 12.32 months, which obviously shorter than those patients with low expressions of IL-18 (22.88 months), with statistically significant difference (χ2=7.457, P=0.006). Conclusion High expressions of IL-10 and IL-18 are observed in patients with CIN and SCC, which can be used as biomarkers for predicting early cervical lesions. Related Articles | Metrics

Plasma D-dimer in the application of the tumor Liu Chunhong, Li Jing. 2016, 43 (3):  198-200.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.03.009 Abstract ( 490 )   PDF (634KB) ( 1599 )   Save D-dimer，which is degradation products during the fibrinolytic process，can reflect the fibrinolytic activity in the body. Blood shows a hypercoagulable state in cancer patients, which can directly reflect the patient′s condition. It is recognized that D-dimer plays an important role in evaluating the condition of cancer patients, treatment effect and prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

Changes of volume and dose in target volume and organ at risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma during intensity modulated radiotherapy Man Xianfeng， Fan Tingyong 2016, 43 (3):  201-203.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.03.010 Abstract ( 390 )   PDF (637KB) ( 1253 )   Save At present, intensity modulated radiation therapy has been the main treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In the course of 6~7 weeks, most physicians use the initial formulation of the radiotherapy plan. Studies have indicated that the reduction of primary tumor and lymph nodes, as well as the reduction of normal tissue and body surface profile due to the weight loss, will affect the dose distribution of the target and the organs at risk, so as to influence the therapeutic effect of some patients. Therefore, it is necessary to reset and modify the target volumes during the radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Related Articles | Metrics

Advance of radioiodine antagonist related gene of differentiated thyroid carcinoma Yu Yunfang, Ge Minghua 2016, 43 (3):  204-206.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.03.011 Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (638KB) ( 1335 )   Save Thyroid carcinomas are the most common endocrine malignancies, and the overwhelming majority of them is differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). The major therapies of DTCs are surgical resection, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) inhibitory treatment and iodine radioisotope (131I) treatment. 131I has been widely applied for the diagnosis and treatment of DTC, however, part of these patients may reduce or loss the uptake capacity of  131I owing to the alteration of sodium-iodide symporter gene, BRAF, paired box 8, microRNA and cytokeratin 19. These genes are particularly important in the treatment of DTC, which can be used as biomarkers in the treatment efficacy evaluation. Related Articles | Metrics

Influencing factors of lateral lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma Wang Liang, Wu Changhua, Zou Shujuan, Chen Wanjun 2016, 43 (3):  207-209.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.03.012 Abstract ( 537 )   PDF (632KB) ( 2287 )   Save Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common pathology type of thyroid carcinoma with the following biological characteristics: low malignancy, slow progress, longer duration, good prognosis, but it is prone to lymph node metastasis. Lateral lymph node metastasis relates with patients′ age, sex, tumor size, tumor location, capsular invasion/extra-thyroidal extension, muli-focality and the number of positive central lymph nodes. Understanding the influencing factors of the lateral lymph node metastasis has important clinical significance for determining the lymph node dissection scope and the indications for the patients with thyroid carcinoma. Related Articles | Metrics

Adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer Liu Xiaoling, Li Wenhui, Chang Li, Xia Yaoxiong 2016, 43 (3):  210-212.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.03.013 Abstract ( 441 )   PDF (635KB) ( 1957 )   Save Endocrinotherapy is an important treatment approach for patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Tamoxifen, anastrozole and ovarian function inhibitors are the most common drugs in breast cancer endocrinotherapy. However, the choices of endocrinotherapy drugs are different on the basis of the differences in disease stages and menopausal status. Endocrinotherapy has been proved to have good effects, meanwhile, also been shown to can produce drug resistance, mTOR inhibitors, CDK4/6 inhibitors and fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors will bring new hope for patients with drug resistance to endocrinotherapy. Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of adjuvant treatment of breast cancer in childbearing age on ovarian function Chen Hailong, Zhang Hui 2016, 43 (3):  213-215.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.03.014 Abstract ( 254 )   PDF (633KB) ( 1357 )   Save Adjuvant therapy of breast cancer in the childbearing period tends to affect ovarian function of patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy has a great damage for ovarian function, and tamoxifen′s extent of the damage is not yet clear, but gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) has a protective effect on ovarian function. In the adjuvant therapy, synthetic weigh the pros and cons, make the best individualized programs, is the future direction of the treatment of breast cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Research status of targeted drug and whole brain radiotherapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer with brain metastasis Wang Xiaolei, An Lin, Liu Deze 2016, 43 (3):  216-219.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.03.015 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (645KB) ( 1427 )   Save Whole brain radiation therapy has become the standard treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastasis, because it prolongs the survival times of NSCLC patients with brain metastases. The emergence of molecular targeted drugs is a major innovation in the traditional sense of the cancer treatment. Molecular targeted drugs have many advantages such as convenient dosing, rapid onset, improving the intracranial and extracranial tumor lesions at the same time, mild adverse reactions and good tolerance, which provide a new and better choice for the treatment of NSCLC patients with brain metastases. Related Articles | Metrics

Advances in the study of gastric cancer related long noncoding RNA Ding Zhili, Yuan Aihua, Chen Wei, Shi Xuesong, Cao Hongyong 2016, 43 (3):  220-222.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.03.016 Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (635KB) ( 1461 )   Save Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have great impact on the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer (GC). Recent studies show that the overexpression of H19, HOTAIR, TINCR and LINC00152 and the down-expression of MEG3, GAS5, LET and AA174084 are closely related to the occurrence, invasion, metastasis and prognosis of GC. lncRNAs provide an opportunity to develop new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of GC. Related Articles | Metrics

The immune status of pancreatic cancer patients Liu Fenghua, Tang Yong 2016, 43 (3):  223-225.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.03.017 Abstract ( 487 )   PDF (638KB) ( 1554 )   Save During the development of pancreatic cancer, the local and whole immune state of the patients is constantly changing, and through which the cancer cells escape from the immune attack. The main immunologic mechanism includes the induction of tumor immune suppression cells and producing the related cytokines. The changes of the whole immune status include the increase of immunosuppressive cells, the change of the immune function of T cell subsets and the inhibition of natural killers and lymphokine activated killer cells. In the local tumor, the infiltrating lymphocytes loss the function, and the ratio of Th1/Th2 cytokines is imbalance. Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and clinical significance of RNA-binding protein Musashi1 in colorectal cancer Ding Boyue, Han Chun， Gao Chao 2016, 43 (3):  226-228.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.03.018 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (633KB) ( 1366 )   Save Musashi1 (Msi1) is an evolutionary conservative RNA-binding protein (RBP), and it is a stem  marker in a variety of organizations, including intestinal, neural system. Msi1 maintains the balance between selfrenewal and differentiation. Recently, many researchers report that Msi1 is overexpressed in many types of tumors， especially in colorectal neoplasms, participating in the regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis and so on. Msi1 becomes a key regulator of many cancers, which is expected to turn into a new target for cancer therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

The research progress of colorectal cancer screening methods Le Yapeng， Kong Lingbin 2016, 43 (3):  229-231.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.03.019 Abstract ( 378 )   PDF (634KB) ( 1759 )   Save Early screening for colorectal cancer can detect early colorectal cancer, curb its further development, and extend the life expectancy. Colorectal cancer screening methods mainly include stool examination, imaging examination, endoscopic examination and the latest gene detection technology. Different screening methods have different effects. Stool examination is one of the most popular screening methods for the public. Related Articles | Metrics

Reasearch progress of cervical cancer screening Wang Chao, Yang Hongying. 2016, 43 (3):  232-235.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2016.03.020 Abstract ( 391 )   PDF (646KB) ( 2087 )   Save As to clarify the cause of cervical cancer, early normative and effective screening can decrease the incidence and mortality of precancerous cervical lesions and cervical cancer. At present the main methods for cervical cancer screening are pap smear method, acetic acid shading to naked eye observation, iodine staining to the naked eye observation, liquid based cytology and human papillomavirus DNA testing methods. Screening techniques and strategies are different in different areas and countries because of unbalanced economic development. Related Articles | Metrics

Targeted drug therapy for bladder cancer Zhao Ning, Zhang Xinwei 2016, 43 (3):  236-238.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.03.021 Abstract ( 1104 )   PDF (636KB) ( 2345 )   Save Systemic chemotherapy is the main treatment which can improve the survival time of bladder cancer patients, though its efficacy is quite limited. The applications of targeted therapeutic drugs in bladder cancer has become more needed in clinic. At present the targeted drugs for bladder cancer include bevacizumab, cetuximab, sunitinib, gefitinib, everolimus and the inhibitor of programmed cell death-1 and its ligand, they provide a new direction for the treatment of advanced bladder cancer. Related Articles | Metrics