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08 March 2021, Volume 48 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Inhibitory effect and mechanism of PSD-007 photodynamic therapy on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma transplanted tumors in nude mice Peng Ya, Liu An, Liu Huowang 2021, 48 (3):  136-142.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200707-00028 Abstract ( 362 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF (18273KB) ( 176 )   Save Objective To explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of photocarcinorin (PSD-007) photodynamic therapy (PDT) on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma transplanted tumors in nude mice. MethodsA total of 50 transplanted tumor nude mice models of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma were established and randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (group A), simple PSD-007 group (group B), simple light group (group C), local injection of PSD-007 + light group (group D), intraperitoneal injection of PSD-007 + light group (group E) using the method of random number table, 10 mice in each group. After 7 days of treatment, the tumor mass and tumor volume of nude mice in each group were measured and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated. HE staining was used to detect the histopathological changes of tumors in nude mice. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of autophagy-related gene Beclin 1, microtubules associated protein 1 light chain 3-β (LC3) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling pathway related proteins. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect LC3, Beclin 1 mRNA expressions in tumor tissues. Results After treatment, the tumor mass of nude mice bearing human nasopharyngeal carcinoma in group A, B, C, D and E were (2.05±0.18) g, (2.02±0.20) g, (2.04±0.15) g, (0.43±0.11) g and (0.94±0.12) g, and the tumor volumes were (1.11±0.13) cm 3, (1.18±0.16) cm 3, (1.13±0.14) cm 3, (0.51±0.07) cm 3 and (0.65±0.10) cm 3, and there were statistically significant differences among the 5 groups (F=236.749, P<0.001; F=62.418, P<0.001). Compared with group A, B and C, the tumor mass and tumor volumes of nude mice in group D and E were significantly reduced, and there were statistically significant differences (all P<0.001); compared with group E, the tumor mass and tumor volume of nude mice in group D were significantly reduced (P<0.001; P=0.023). The tumor inhibition rates of group B, C, D and E were (1.07±0.11)%, (0.55±0.06)%, (79.11±0.06)% and (54.05±0.08)%, with a statistically significant difference (F=235.987, P<0.001), compared with group B, C and E, group D had the most obvious tumor suppressing effect (all P<0.05). HE staining results showed that compared with group A, B and C, group D and E had larger tumor necrosis areas, more inflammatory cell infiltration, more vacuolar degeneration, and obvious nuclear shrinkage. The tumor necrosis degree in group D was higher than that in group E. The relative expressions of PI3K protein of group A, B, C, D and E were 1.01±0.06, 1.00±0.05, 1.01±0.05, 0.23±0.02, 0.48±0.04, p-Akt/Akt protein relative expressions were 0.66±0.06, 0.65±0.05, 0.64±0.05, 0.06±0.02, 0.17±0.02, p-mTOR/mTOR protein relative expressions were 1.06±0.06, 1.01±0.06, 1.01±0.06, 0.30±0.02, 0.45±0.04. The protein relative expression ratios of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ were 0.85±0.05, 0.83±0.05, 0.83±0.06, 0.22±0.02, 0.41±0.04, and Beclin 1 protein relative expressions were 0.66±0.06, 0.64±0.05, 0.64±0.06, 1.67±0.07, 1.02±0.05, LC3 mRNA relative expressions were 0.98±0.29, 0.92±0.25, 1.02±0.26, 3.76±0.28, 2.38±0.28, and Beclin 1 mRNA relative expressions of were 1.11±0.40, 1.19±0.29, 1.16±0.24, 6.84±0.54, 2.94±0.48. There were statistically significant differences (F=190.160, P<0.001; F=160.014, P<0.001; F=160.183, P<0.001; F=119.964, P<0.001; F=186.257, P<0.001; F=211.089, P<0.001; F=374.835, P<0.001). Compared with group A, B and C, PI3K, p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR protein relative expression levels and protein relative expression ratios of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ in nude mice tumors of group D and E were significantly reduced, and LC3 mRNA, Beclin 1 protein and mRNA relative expression levels were significantly increased, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.001); PI3K, p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR protein relative expression levels and protein relative expression ratio of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ in nude mice tumors of group E were significantly higher than those of group D, while Beclin 1 protein relative expression levels, LC3 and Beclin 1 mRNA relative expression levels were reduced (all P<0.05). Conclusion PSD-007 PDT has an inhibitory effect on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma transplanted tumors in nude mice, which may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway activation and the promotion of autophagy. Compared with intraperitoneal injection, local injection of PSD-007 PDT is more effective. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Metric evaluation of quality of life instruments for cancer patients-brain neoplasm (QLICP-BN) Han Xiaoyu, He Jun, Wan Chonghua, Luo Jiahong, Bai Gang, Zhang Jianghui, Meng Qiong 2021, 48 (3):  143-149.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20201019-00029 Abstract ( 488 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF (8150KB) ( 167 )   Save Objective To understand the reliability and validity of quality of life instruments for cancer patients-brain neoplasm [QLICP-BN (V1.0)], a self-developed quality of life scale for cancer patients. Methods The quality of life of 112 patients with brain neoplasms in Yunnan Cancer Hospital from March 2012 to November 2013 was measured. The general data questionnaire and QLICP-BN (V1.0) were used for data collection. The reliability, validity and responsiveness of the scale were tested, and then the metric characteristics of the scale were evaluated. Results The split-half reliability of the total score of the scale was 0.95, the Cronbach α coefficient was 0.92, and the test-retest correlation coefficient r was 0.78. After extracting common factors by the principal component method and rotating with the maximum variance, the specific module obtained three principal components, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 64.18%. The score of specific module was 75.30±17.44 before treatment and 78.91±12.20 after treatment (t=-2.481, P=0.015). The total score of scale before treatment was 65.26±12.29, and that after treatment was 69.62±10.41, with a statistically significant difference (t=-4.492, P<0.001). The total responsiveness of the scale was 0.456, showing moderate responsiveness. Conclusion QLICP-BN (V1.0) has good reliability, validity and a certain degree of responsiveness. It can be used as a measurement tool for the quality of life of patients with brain neoplasms in China. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of rotational errors on the accuracy of positioning for head-neck tumors in radiotherapy Xu Shifei, Feng Huan, Liu Haiyang, Hu Jie, Ma Lu 2021, 48 (3):  150-155.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200409-00030 Abstract ( 443 )   HTML ( 42 )   PDF (7377KB) ( 244 )   Save Objective To study the effect of rotational errors on the positioning accuracy (PA) and to assess whether correcting rotation in patients with head-neck tumors in radiotherapy or not. Methods The image information of 34 patients with head-neck tumors treated at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between August 2019 and January 2020 was collected. Mega-voltage computed tomography (MVCT) images of each patient were taken before radiotherapy, and were registered with planned kilo-voltage computed tomography (KVCT) images by two registration methods. All information was divided into control group (translation only) and intervention group (translation and rotation) according to different registration methods, there were 144 fractioned registered images for each group, respectively. The position errors of the two registration methods were recorded and compared. Data were carried out with Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman rank correlation. Results Translational errors of the control group and the intervention group were 0.10 (5.35) mm and 0.00 (5.78) mm in right-left direction, and there was a statistically significant difference (Z=-2.675, P=0.007); 0.75 (2.78) mm and 0.60 (2.68) mm in superior-inferior direction, and there was a statistically significant difference (Z=-2.819, P=0.005); 0.10 (0.90) mm and 0.20 (1.28) mm in anterio-posterior direction, and there was a statistically significant difference (Z=-3.984, P<0.001). Rotational errors of the intervention group were -0.20 (0.60)°, 0.35 (2.00)°, 0.00 (0.98)° in pitch, roll, yaw, respectively. The distribute of 3D vector corrected frequency for two groups was positively skewed. The corrected cumulative frequency (CCF) varied with 3D vector, 3D vector was 8.0 mm, and 19 F and 16 F fractioned treatments of the control group and the intervention group were not corrected, respectively; 3D vector was between 8.0-13.5 mm, the corrected tendency of the intervention group was slower and fractioned treatment was completed later. The analytical results of Spearman rank correlation showed that rotational errors in pitch were negatively correlated with translational errors of the control group in superior-inferior direction (r=-0.182, P=0.029) and the intervention group in anterio-osterior direction (r=-0.484, P<0.001); rotational errors in roll were negatively correlated with translational errors of the intervention group in right-left direction (r=-0.334, P<0.001); rotational errors in yaw which were positively correlated with translational errors of the intervention group in right-left direction (r=0.370, P<0.001) were negatively correlated with translational errors of the control group in superior-inferior direction (r=-0.171, P=0.040) and the same was true for the intervention group (r=-0.203, P=0.015); total angles were positively correlated and negatively correlated with translational errors of the control group in superior-inferior direction (r=0.246, P=0.003) and anterio-posterior direction (r=-0.188, P=0.024), and positively correlated with 3D vector of the control group (r=0.198, P=0.017), total angles were positively correlated with translational errors of the intervention group in superior-inferior direction (r=0.170, P=0.041) and with 3D vector of the intervention group (r=0.239, P=0.004); there were no correlations between rotational errors and the other translational errors (all P>0.05). Conclusion Although the corrected rotation increases translational errors in anterio-posterior direction and 3D vector, it improves PA for head-neck tumors in radiotherapy. When rotational errors are not corrected, rotational offsets are present with corrected translation to decrease its effect on PA. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Predictive value of tumor regression rate after induction chemotherapy for survival of patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma Song Yang, Wang Bin, Xiao He, Chen Chuan, Wang Ge, Geng Mingying 2021, 48 (3):  156-163.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20201116-00031 Abstract ( 438 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (14975KB) ( 162 )   Save Objective To investigate the predictive value of tumor regression rate after induction chemotherapy for survival of patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods A total of 161 patients with stage Ⅲ-ⅣA nasopharyngeal carcinoma newly diagnosed at the Daping Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2009 to December 2012 were selected as the research subjects. The relationships between tumor size changes before and after induction chemotherapy and survival time were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve accompanied with log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Results There were statistically significant differences in the tumor regression rate of primary lesions between N1 and N2-3 (Z=2.177, P=0.029), T1-2 and T3-4 (Z=-4.501, P<0.001)patients after induction chemotherapy. In N1 stage patients, the 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of patients with primary lesions achieving objective response (n=18) and those without objective response (n=19) after induction chemotherapy were 88.89% and 57.45%, and patients with cervical lymph node metastatic lesions achieving objective response (n=19) and those without objective response (n=18) were 86.72% and 49.10% respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ 2=6.023, P=0.014; χ 2=7.441, P=0.006). In N2-3 stage patients, the 5-year OS rates of patients with primary lesions achieving objective response (n=81) and those without objective response (n=43) after induction chemotherapy were 77.56% and 50.70%, and patients with cervical lymph node metastatic lesions achieving objective response (n=85) and those without objective response (n=39) were 75.11% and 52.04% respectively, with significant differences (χ 2=8.037, P=0.005; χ 2=7.268, P=0.007). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that in patients with stage N1, the tumor regression rate of primary lesions (HR=0.048, 95%CI: 0.004-0.644, P=0.022), the efficacy of primary lesions (HR=0.174, 95%CI: 0.037-0.830, P=0.028), the efficacy of cervical lymph node metastatic lesions (HR=0.154, 95%CI: 0.033-0.725, P=0.017) after induction chemotherapy were significantly associated with OS; in N2-3 stage patients, the tumor regression rate of primary lesions (HR=0.178, 95%CI: 0.056-0.564, P=0.003), the tumor regression rate of cervical lymph node metastatic lesions (HR=0.081, 95%CI: 0.020-0.324, P<0.001), the efficacy of primary lesions (HR=0.422, 95%CI: 0.228-0.781, P=0.006), the efficacy of cervical lymph node metastatic lesions (HR=0.439, 95%CI: 0.238-0.813, P=0.009) after induction chemotherapy were significantly associated with OS. In multivariate Cox regression including N stage and tumor regression rate, N stage and efficacy, the interaction items were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). In T1-2 stage patients, the 5-year OS rates of patients with primary lesions achieving objective response (n=45) and those without objective response (n=13) after induction chemotherapy were 77.55% and 84.62%, and patients with cervical lymph node metastatic lesions achieving objective response (n=43) and those without objective response (n=15) were 78.89% and 80.00% respectively, with no significant differences (χ 2=0.239, P=0.625; χ 2=0.005, P=0.943); in T3-4 stage patients, the 5-year OS rates of patients with primary lesions achieving objective response (n=54) and those without objective response (n=49) after induction chemotherapy were 78.90% and 45.00%, and patients with cervical lymph node metastatic lesions achieving objective response (n=61) and those without objective response (n=42) were 75.10% and 42.89% respectively, with significant differences (χ 2=13.615, P<0.001; χ 2=12.752, P<0.001). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that in patients with stage T1-2, the tumor regression rate, the efficacy of primary lesions and cervical lymph node metastatic lesions after induction chemotherapy were not related to OS (all P>0.05); in T3-4 stage patients, the tumor regression rate of primary lesions (HR=0.121, 95%CI: 0.033-0.444, P=0.001), the tumor regression rate of cervical lymph node metastatic lesions (HR=0.126, 95%CI: 0.036-0.442, P=0.001), the efficacy of primary lesions (HR=0.297, 95%CI: 0.150-0.588, P<0.001), the efficacy of cervical lymph node metastatic lesions (HR=0.329, 95%CI: 0.173-0.625, P=0.001) after induction chemotherapy were significantly associated with OS. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the interaction test of T stage and the efficacy of primary lesion trended to be statistically significant (P=0.062). Conclusion In patients with stage Ⅲ-ⅣA nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the responsiveness to induction chemotherapy in stage T3-4 patients has important value in predicting survival prognosis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

Thrombospondin 2 and tumors Fan Chongchong, Qiao Jian'ou 2021, 48 (3):  164-166.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200401-00032 Abstract ( 718 )   HTML ( 31 )   PDF (3268KB) ( 264 )   Save Thrombospondin (THBS) 2, as a member of the THBS family, is expressed in a variety of tumor cells and has important significance in the development and metastasis of tumors. In recent years, studies have reported that the specific role of THBS2 in different tumors is different, and it participates in a variety of biological processes, such as cell apoptosis, wound healing, angiogenesis and inflammation. At present, the role of THBS2 in tumorigenesis, development, and prognosis is not completely clear. Exploring the abnormal expression and mechanism of THBS2 in tumors is expected to provide a new method for tumor diagnosis and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Enrichment methods and clinical application of circulating tumor cells Ning Dawei, Ou Yang, Cui Kai, Li Sheng, Gao Dehai 2021, 48 (3):  167-171.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200629-00033 Abstract ( 425 )   HTML ( 32 )   PDF (7002KB) ( 230 )   Save As an emerging tumor marker, the rarity and heterogeneity of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) increase the difficulty of detection. In recent years, CTCs enrichment technology based on biophysical, biochemical and microfluidic properties has been continuously developed, which has promoted the research and application of CTCs in malignant tumors diagnosis, clinical treatment and prognosis evaluation. Although there are still some deficiencies in the detection of CTCs, with the interdisciplinary integration, CTCs will play increasingly important roles in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Mechanism of inhibitory effect of interferon and its related signal pathway on the invasion of glioma Sun Yanqi, Ren Yeqing, Guo Geng 2021, 48 (3):  172-175.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200601-00034 Abstract ( 435 )   HTML ( 31 )   PDF (8496KB) ( 197 )   Save Glioma is a tumor with a high incidence of intracranial tumor. Because of its high degree of malignancy, strong invasiveness and high mortality, the current conventional treatment cannot achieve the desired therapeutic effect, which greatly affects the quality of life of patients. As a protein with the functions of anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis and anti-invasion, interferon is widely used in the treatment of all kinds of tumors in clinic. Many studies have shown that interferon plays an important role in the occurrence and development of gliomas. To explore the mechanism of interferon and its related signal pathway in the process of glioma invasion, and to study the new treatment of glioma is very necessary in clinical treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of early esophageal cancer Zheng Zhen, Zhu Zhaofeng 2021, 48 (3):  176-179.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200630-00035 Abstract ( 357 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (4463KB) ( 221 )   Save Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in clinic, and its morbidity and mortality are always high. Staging is the main basis for comprehensive treatment and prognosis evaluation. Accurate staging is essential for proper diagnosis, individualized treatment and good prognosis. Related technologies of endoscopic ultrasonography can determine the depth of tumor invasion and local lymph node metastasis, which makes the diagnosis of esophageal cancer more accurate, and plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of early esophageal cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Advances in the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer with PARP inhibitors Li Chenxi, Zhao Hongwei 2021, 48 (3):  180-183.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200629-00036 Abstract ( 435 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF (7123KB) ( 262 )   Save Poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP)inhibitor is a targeted biological agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer, which is mainly suitable for platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer patients. However, data from clinical trials showed that PARP inhibitors have certain therapeutic effect on platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer patients. It may become a new hope for treatment of ovarian cancer patients in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Epigenetic research progress of endometrial cancer Deng Bo'er, Kong Weimin 2021, 48 (3):  184-188.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200703-00037 Abstract ( 375 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (7584KB) ( 208 )   Save Endometrial cancer is one of the malignant tumors of female reproductive system. The prognosis of advanced endometrial cancer is poor. How to improve the overall survival rate and improve the prognosis of patients with advanced endometrial cancer is still one of the clinical problems. In recent years, the research on tumor gene changes is increasing gradually. Epigenetics is the study of genetic changes in gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequence of genes. Epigenetics includes many phenomena, such as DNA methylation, microRNA expression and gene silencing, chromatin remodeling. These changes may be important factors in the occurrence and development of tumors, and may become new therapeutic targets for tumors. With the study on epigenetics of endometrial cancer in the future, new therapeutic targets may be found. Meanwhile, those study may provide new ideas for targeted therapy of endometrial cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Bone marrow microenvironment and differentiation of leukemia cells Chen Xi, Mu Dan, Yan Qin, Liu Wenjun 2021, 48 (3):  189-192.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20200619-00038 Abstract ( 627 )   HTML ( 33 )   PDF (4615KB) ( 249 )   Save Bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) is the environment on which leukemia cells depend. It contains stem cells, bone marrow stromal cells, and abundant cytokines, which can regulate the differentiation and proliferation of leukemia cells. The regulation of BMM on the differentiation of leukemia cells is a complex process that can act on different targets and signaling pathways. It mainly includes hypoxia-inducible factor, integrins, Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin signal pathways. The study of relationship between BMM and leukemia cell differentiation can help to find pathways and targets that induce leukemia differentiation which will find new directions for the treatment of leukemia. References | Related Articles | Metrics