Table of Content

08 May 2017, Volume 44 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks

Toggle Thumbnails

Mechanism of Poly(I:C)induced apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells YI Liang, SUN Dan, HAN Qian, CHAI Xiao-Yu, LIU Xin-Min 2017, 44 (5):  321-326.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.001 Abstract ( 430 )   PDF (1566KB) ( 944 )   Save ObjectiveTo study the effects of Poly(I:C) on lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells viability and illuminate the mechanism of Poly(I:C)induced apoptosis in A549 cells. MethodsA549 cells were transfected with the complex of Poly(I:C) and lipofectamine 3000. The viability of A549 cells was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. The apoptotic cells were tested by flow cytometry. The caspase proteins were tested by Western blotting and the expressions of interferonβ (IFNβ) and CXCL10 were assayed by realtime PCR. After employing the pancaspase inhibitor ZVADFMK and caspase8 inhibitor ZIETDFMK, the variation of Poly(I:C) proapoptosis in A549 cells was observed. RNA interfering experiments were employed to knock down melanoma differentiation related antigen 5 (MDA5) or retinoic acidinduced gene Ⅰ (RIGⅠ), and the above indexes were tested. ResultsThe viability of A549 cells was significantly reduced to 74.92%±6.24% after 200 ng/ml Poly(I:C) transfection compared with that before transfection (95.32%±3.05%, t=2.883, P=0.041). The apoptotic rates induced by 100, 200, 400 ng/ml Poly(I:C) were 9.97%±0.88%, 23.63%±1.41%, 32.57%±2.39%, respectively. All of them were higher than that in the control group (0.74%±0.15%), with significant differences (t=4.489, P=0.002; t=11.616, P=0.000; t=16.932, P=0.000). Besides, the death receptor pathway proteins such as TNFrelated apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), cleavedcaspase8 and cleavedcaspase3 increased obviously. MDA5/RIGⅠpathway was also activated dramatically and the expressions of IFNβ, CXCL10 were significantly upregulated. The apoptotic rates reduced to 3.17%±0.66%, 5.35%±0.64% with pancaspase inhibitor ZVADFMK and caspase8 inhibitor ZIETDFMK pretreatment, compared with the control group (15.87%±0.93%), and the differences were statistically significant (t=8.643, P=0.001; t=6.824, P=0.002). Moreover, the expressions of TRAIL, IFNβ and CXCL10 induced by Poly(I:C) were inhibited with MDA5 or RIGⅠ depletion. ConclusionPoly(I:C) can reduce the survival rate of A549 cells and promote the apoptosis mainly by activating the deathreceptor pathway mediated by MDA5/RIGⅠprobably, which may involve in IFNβ, CXCL10 Related Articles | Metrics

Effects and mechanism of lycopene on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatoma cells YANG Li-Ping, ZHAO Meng-Lei, LING Shu-Jian 2017, 44 (5):  327-331.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.002 Abstract ( 462 )   PDF (745KB) ( 733 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the effects and mechanism of lycopene on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatoma cell HepG2. MethodsThe human HepG2 cells in logarithmic growth phase were treated with lycopene (5, 10, 20 μg/ml) and cisplatin (40 μg/ml). The cellular growth inhibition rate was calculated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) after 48 h, and cell cycle and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expressions of Bax, Bcl2 and cleaved Caspase3 proteins were detected by Western blotting. ResultsAfter 48 h intervention, the cellular growth inhibition rate of human HepG2 cell in blank control group was 0, and in lycopene (5, 10, 20 μg/ml) groups and cisplatin group were (21.3±4.2)%, (40.5±7.6)%, (63.8±9.1)%, (37.8±5.9)%, with significant difference (F=37.905, P=0.000); and compared with blank control group respectively, the differences were statistically significant (t=208.124, P=0.000; t=394.637, P=0.000; t=628.592, P=0.000; t=257.168, P=0.000). The G0G1 phase rates in lycopene (10, 20 μg/ml) groups were (54.0±2.9)% and (67.3±3.6)%, compared with blank control group (37.9±1.5)%, the differences were statistically significant (t=4.508, P=0.024; t=10.673, P=0.006). The G2M phase rates in lycopene (10, 20 μg/ml) groups were (8.5±0.6)% and (4.7±0.5)%, compared with blank control group (18.4±0.8)%, the differences were statistically significant (t=9.975, P=0.008; t=13.864, P=0.003). The apoptosis index (AI) in lycopene (5, 10, 20 μg/ml) groups and cisplatin group were (19.5±4.8)%, (43.0±9.2)%, (67.6±10.1)% and (36.9±6.8)%, compared with blank control group ［(3.6±1.7)%］, the differences were statistically significant (t=18.617, P=0.001; t=34.295, P=0.000; t=51.437, P=0.000; t=29.804, P=0.000). The expressions of Bcl2, Bax and the ratio of Bax/Bcl2 in lycopene (10, 20 μg/ml) groups and cisplatin group were 0.42±0.09, 0.43±0.14, 1.02±0.39; 0.27±0.08, 0.76±0.19, 2.81±0.85; 0.34±0.11, 0.31±0.09, 0.91±0.40, respectively. Compared with blank control group (0.59±0.17, 0.18±0.06, 0.31±0.12), the expressions of Bcl2 were significantly downregulated, and the differences were statistically significant （t=4.327，P=0.023；t=11.064，P=0.006；t=5.182，P=0.018）,  the expressions of Bax were significantly upregulated, and the differences were statistically significant (t=9.837, P=0.008; t=17.349, P=0.001; t=10.165, P=0.007), the ratios of Bax/Bcl2 were significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant (t=11.521, P=0.006; t=18.194, P=0.001; t=9.537, P=0.008). The expressions of cleaved Caspase3 protein in lycopene (5, 10, 20 μg/ml) groups and cisplatin group were 0.25±0.07, 0.34±0.11, 0.46±0.18 and 0.17±0.05, compared with blank control group (0.08±0.03), the differences were statistically significant (t=8.307, P=0.009; t=13.067, P=0.006; t=16.218, P=0.003; t=5.202, P=0.019). ConclusionLycopene has inhibitive effect on the growth of human HepG2 cells perhaps through inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis, which may be related to its effects of altering the cell cycle and the expressions of apoptosisrelated genes and proteins. Related Articles | Metrics

Correlations between the expressions of Smad4, estrogen receptor and the clinicopathological features of breast cancer CHEN Guo-Ping, LI Jing-Tai, XIA Li-Ping, ZHENG Wu-Ping, FAN Ping-Ming, CHEN Zhi-Lin, 吕Peng-Fei , SU Jie-Zhi 2017, 44 (5):  332-335.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.003 Abstract ( 426 )   PDF (896KB) ( 684 )   Save ObjectiveTo explore the expressions of Smad4 and estrogen receptor (ER) and their interrelation, and the relationship with the clinicopathological features of breast cancer. MethodsThe immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expressions of Smad4 and ER in 50 case of invasive cancer, 12 cases of carcinoma in situ and 15 cases of normal breast tissues. The differences in different clinical stages, differentiation degrees and nodal metastases were analyzed. The correlation between Smad4 and ER was explored. ResultsThe positive expression rate of Smad4 in invasive cancer was 52.00%, which lower than that in normal breast tissue (93.33%), with a significant difference (χ2=8.329, P=0.004), positive expression rates of ER were 60.00% and 40.00% respectively, with no significant difference (χ2=1.868, P=0.172). The positive expression rates of Smad4 in carcinoma in situ and invasive cancer were 75.00% and 52.00% respectively, with no significant difference (χ2=2.082, P=0.149). The positive expression rates of ER were 58.33% and 60.00% respectively, with no significant difference (χ2=0.011, P=0.916). The positive expression of Smad4 was related to the TNM stage (χ2=6.392, P=0.011) and the lymph node metastasis(χ2=6.738, P=0.009), but it was not associated with the histologic grade (χ2=0.542, P=0.462). The positive expression of ER was related to the lymph node metastasis (χ2=4.133, P=0.042) and histologic grade (χ2=5.357, P=0.021), but it was not associated with the TNM stage (χ2=1.159, P=0.282). There was positive correlation between Smad4 and ER in breast cancer tissue (r=0.263，P=0.032). ConclusionSmad4 is expressed at lower level  in breast cancer than in normal breast tissue. The expressions of Smad4 and ER are related to the different clinicopathological features of breast cancer with positive correlation Related Articles | Metrics

Evaluation of efficacy and safety of crizotinib and its prognostic factors in patients with ALKpositive advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer LIANG Hong-Ge, XU Yan-Zhong, WEI Zhao-Jing, CHEN Min-Jiang, WANG Hua-Zhu, WANG Meng-Zhao 2017, 44 (5):  336-341.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.004 Abstract ( 520 )   PDF (827KB) ( 630 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of crizotinib in patients with advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)positive nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and focuse on analysis of its prognostic factors. MethodsFifty patients with advanced (stage ⅢBⅣ) ALKpositive NSCLC confirmed by cytology or histology in Peking Union Medical Collage Hospital from January 2013 to September 2016 were collected. The relevant clinical information and treatment protocols were recorded. The efficacy and safety of crizotinib were followed up, and its prognostic factors were analyzed. ResultsAt the end of followup, the median progression free survival (PFS) of progressed patients (n=24) was 9.6 months (95%CI: 8.310.9 months), of which five patients died. The median followup time of nonprogressed patients (n=26) was 10.7 months. The most common adverse event was abnormal liver function (48.0%, 24/50). In the single factor analysis of KaplanMeier, younger or equal to 40 years old patients had a longer PFS (P=0.017), and the COX regression analysis (Enter method) also had statistical significance differences (HR=6.1, 95%CI: 1.427.5, P=0.018). However, gender (HR=0.8, 95%CI: 0.22.6, P=0.697), smoking history (HR=1.5, 95%CI: 0.45.6, P=0.524), pathology (HR=1.1, 95%CI: 0.34.2, P=0.922), tumor stage (HR=1.7, 95%CI: 0.48.4, P=0.502), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant type (HR=0.4, 95%CI: 0.44.3, P=0.461), EGFR unknown (HR=1.3, 95%CI: 0.36.1, P=0.727), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG) PS score (HR=2.0, 95%CI: 0.66.8, P=0.290), the status of previous treatment (HR=0.6, 95%CI: 0.21.8, P=0.385) and brain metastasis (HR=0.7, 95%CI: 0.13.2, P=0.628) were not associated with disease progression. ConclusionCrizotinib has good efficacy and is safe and welltolerated to advanced ALKpositive NSCLC patients, and age is the independent prognostic factor. Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of prognostic factors in 162 elderly patients with inoperable locally advanced squamous cell lung cancer YANG Hui, NIU Run-Gui 2017, 44 (5):  342-345.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.005 Abstract ( 411 )   PDF (978KB) ( 628 )   Save ObjectiveTo retrospectively analyze the elderly patients with inoperable locally advanced squamous cell lung cancer, and determine prognostic factors. Methods According to eligibility criterion, 162 cases of elderly patients with inoperable locally advanced squamous cell lung cancer were selected from January 1, 2010 to January 1, 2015 in Shanxi Tumor Hospital. Related prognostic factors were carried on univariate and multivariate analysis with KaplanMeier approach and Cox regression, respectively. ResultsThe median age of 162 patients was 73.6 years old. The overall median survival time was 19.4 months. The 1year survival rate was 71.0%, and the 2year survival rate was 35.9%. In univariate analysis with KaplanMeier analysis method: age (χ2=7.94, P=0.005), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score (χ2=42.12, P=0.000), chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy or not (χ2 =14.99, P=0.000) were prognostic factors that influenced survival. Cox regression analysis showed that ECOG score (HR=0.30, 95%CI: 0.190.46, P=0.000) and N stage (HR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.440.95, P=0.026) were independent prognostic factors. ConclusionECOG score and N stage are independent prognostic factors of the elderly patients with inoperable locally advanced squamous cell lung cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Prognostic significance of HMGA1 and HMGA2 proteins expressions in pancreatic carcinoma WANG Yun-Liang, LI Cui 2017, 44 (5):  346-350.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.006 Abstract ( 566 )   PDF (1108KB) ( 672 )   Save ObjectiveTo study the expressions and prognostic significance of high mobility group protein A1 (HMGA1) and high mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2) in pancreatic carcinoma. MethodsThe expressions of HMGA1 and HMGA2 were examined by immunohistochemical SP method in 60 cases of pancreatic carcinoma and 30 cases of normal pancreatic tissues. The relationship between the expression and prognosis was also analyzed. ResultsThe expressions of HMGA1 and HMGA2 in pancreatic carcinoma were significantly higher than those in normal tissues, and the positive expression rates were 70.0% vs. 6.7% (χ2=32.105,P=0.000) and 73.3% vs. 3.3%(χ2=39.200,P=0.000). The expression of HMGA1 in pancreatic carcinoma was correlated with histological grade (χ2=6.774,P=0.034), TNM stage (χ2=4.776,P=0.029) and lymphatic metastasis (χ2=12.614,P=0.000). The expression of HMGA2 in pancreatic carcinoma was correlated with histological grade (χ2=8.200,P=0.017) and TNM stage (χ2=7.253,P=0.007). The expression of HMGA1 was positively associated with HMGA2 expression(r=0.393，P=0.001). KaplanMeier analysis showed that the median survival time of HMGA1 and HMGA2 positive patients were shorter than those patients with HMGA1 negative and HMGA2 negative (14.0 months vs. 24.0 months, χ2=14.568，P=0.000；15.0 months vs. 21.0 months, χ2=7.270，P=0.007). ConclusionHMGA1 and HMGA2 are highly expressed in pancreatic carcinoma, and play synergistic roles in the generation and progress of pancreatic carcinoma. There is certain value of combined detection of HMGA1 and HMGA2 to predict the prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical significance of detection of HE4, OPN and uPA in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma LI Mei-Yan 2017, 44 (5):  351-355.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.007 Abstract ( 532 )   PDF (1091KB) ( 704 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions and relationships of human epididymal secretory protein 4 (HE4), osteopontin (OPN) and urokinasetype plasminogen activator (uPA) in endometrial carcinoma (EC) and analyze their clinical significance of detection and diagnosis in EC patients. MethodsThe expressions of HE4, OPN and uPA proteins in 30 cases of normal endometrium, 50 cases of precancerous lesion endometrium and 171 cases of EC were detected by immunohistochemistry SP method. The relationships between HE4, OPN, uPA and clinicopathological features of EC, and the correlation of them were analyzed. ResultsThe positive expression rates of HE4, OPN and uPA in the normal endometrium group, precancerous lesion endometrium group and EC group were 13.3%, 32.0%, 70.8%；10.0%, 24.0%, 63.7%；6.7%, 22.0%, 51.5%. The differences were statistically significant (χ2=46.36, P<0.05； χ2=44.14, P<0.05； χ2=28.10, P<0.05). The expressions of HE4, OPN and uPA were correlated with pathological stage (χ2=4.644, P=0.031； χ2=5.780, P=0.016； χ2=28.920, P=0.000), histological grade (χ2=4.888, P=0.027； χ2=7.885, P=0.005； χ2=4.564, P=0.033), myometrial invasion depth (χ2=5.099, P=0.024； χ2=5.139, P=0.023； χ2=12.297, P=0.000) and lymph node metastasis (χ2=5.421, P=0.020； χ2=4.093, P=0.043； χ2=5.362, P=0.021). In addition, the expression of HE4 was correlated with the histological type (χ2=4.437, P＝0.035). HE4 expression was positively correlated with uPA expression (r=0.341, P=0.007). OPN expression was positively correlated with uPA expression (r=0.360, P=0.002). HE4 was positively correlated with OPN expression (r=0.454, P=0.000). ConclusionThe expression rates of HE4, OPN and uPA in the EC group were higher than that in normal endometrium and precancerous lesions. They have obvious positive synergistic effect in the occurrence and development of EC. HE4, OPN and uPA are the effective indicators for clinical diagnosis of EC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Prognostic value of prechemotherapy serum cystatin C in patients with castrationresistant prostate cancer FAN Lu-Lu, LIAO Cheng-Gong, HUANG Jian-Guo, YIN Hang, QIAN Men-Long, WAN Nao, LU Ning 2017, 44 (5):  356-360.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.008 Abstract ( 450 )   PDF (761KB) ( 687 )   Save ObjectiveTo explore the prognostic value of prechemotherapy serum cystatin C (Cys C) in patients with castrationresistant prostate cancer (CRPC). MethodsThe medical records of 48 patients with CRPC were reviewed. These patients were diagnosed and underwent docetaxelbased chemotherapy in Xinjiang Military Command General Hospital between January 2009 and January 2015. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the clinical and prognosis value of Cys C. ResultsOf 48 patients with CRPC, the expression of serum Cys C before chemotherapy was related with Gleason score (χ2=4.218, P=0.040) and distant metastasis(χ2=4.090, P=0.043). 23 patients was in high group (Cys C＞1.61 mg/L), 25 in low (Cys C≤1.61 mg/L). The median survival time of high group and low group were 15.6 and 25.3 months, respectively (χ2=13.876, P＜0.001). Univariate analysis showed that TNM stage (χ2=6.934, P=0.018), Gleason score (χ2=7.933, P=0.005), baseline prostate specific antigen (PSA) (χ2=9.038, P=0.003), number of chemotherapy cycles (χ2=5.024, P=0.028), distant metastases (χ2=6.963, P=0.013) and serum Cys C before chemotherapy (χ2=6.976, P=0.012) were associated with overall survival of patients with CRPC. COX multivariate analysis showed that baseline PSA at diagnosis (χ2=4.257, P=0.039), number of chemotherapy cycles (χ2=6.245, P=0.017), distant metastases (χ2=5.122, P=0.028) and serum Cys C before chemotherapy (χ2=8.172, P=0.004) were independent risk factors of overall survival of patients with CRPC, especially serum Cys C before chemotherapy (HR=2.394). ConclusionThe patients with high Cys C level have poor prognosis, and the prechemotherapy Cys C is an independent risk factor for prognosis of CRPC patients treated with docetaxelbased chemotherapy which can be used as an effective indicator to assess the prognosis of CRPC. Related Articles | Metrics

Value of 18FFDG PET/CT in evaluation of curative effect and progressionfree survival on lymphoma LI Si-Yuan, XU Wen-Gui, TONG Guan-Sheng, ZHANG Li, WEN Zhe 2017, 44 (5):  361-365.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.009 Abstract ( 380 )   PDF (681KB) ( 1337 )   Save ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of 18Ffluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in evaluation of curative effect and progressionfree survival (PFS) for lymphoma patients. MethodsThe data of 85 lymphoma patients were retrospectively analyzed. Before and after 48 cycles standardized chemotherapy, the patients were evaluated with 18FFDG PET/CT. The twoyear PFS rate was compared. The value of 18FFDG PET/CT in evaluation of curative effect and PFS for lymphoma patients received chemoradiotherapy was analyzed. ResultsThe non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was the common type, and the common pathogenic sites were head and neck lymph nodes, mediastinum and retroperitoneum. The majority of patients were accompanied with spleen enlargement and local lesions with high metabolism. The complete remission (CR) rate of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients in PET/CT negative group was significantly higher than that in positive group (86.4% vs. 42.9%, P=0.038). The twoyear PFS rates in PET/CT positive group and negative group were 42.9% and 81.8%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.70, P=0.006). Thirtyfive NHL patients achieved CR, 13 achieved partial remission (PR), and 8 achieved stable disease (SD) or disease progression (PD). The twoyear PFS rates in the CR group, PR group, SD or PD group were 89.7%, 65.3% and 19.4% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=12.41，P=0.002). PET/CT imaging had a strong PFS predictive effect on T cell lymphoma (TCL) patients (χ2=13.85, P=0.001) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients (χ2=13.51, P=0.001), and had no predictive effect on follicular lymphoma (FL) patients (χ2=4.63, P=0.099). Conclusion18FFDG PET/CT can evaluate the curative effect of lymphoma effectively and early predict prognosis, and has great guiding significance in choosing therapeutic schedule. Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of the patrolling monocytes in tumor FANG Ping, XU Ke, CHEN Bin, GAO Hong, ZHU Yan-Wei 2017, 44 (5):  366-368.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.010 Abstract ( 589 )   PDF (663KB) ( 867 )   Save Patrolling monocyte (PMo) is a subset of monocytes. Its main function is patrolling vascular endothelium and removing cellular debris from the microvasculature. Studies have revealed that PMo can inhibit the growth of tumor cells, recruiting NK cells to kill tumor cells. PMo can prevent tumor cells metastasis to the lung, which plays a role of immunosurveillance. PMo may be a target for cancer immunotherapy. Related Articles | Metrics

Chemotherapy and tumor immunogenic cell death LUO Cong, TAO Ning 2017, 44 (5):  369-372.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.011 Abstract ( 2179 )   PDF (670KB) ( 3019 )   Save Chemotherapy resist is the problem for clinic, and some researches find that chemotherapy with anthracycline and oxaliplatin not only induces the tumor cell apoptosis, but also the cell immunogenic cell death (ICD) by inducing the tumor cell apoptosis and releasing three kinds of signals: exposure of calreticulin on the cell surface to stimulate the dendritic cell (DC) to engulf, and the secretion of adenosine triphosphate to recruit DC to enter into tumor bed, and the release of the high mobility group B1 to promote DC to steadily bind with dying tumor cell to induce specific T cell antitumor immune response. It is with great meaning to promote the chemotherapy protocol by studying the ICD induced by chemotherapy. Related Articles | Metrics

The mechanism of MLN4924 for anticancer therapy YANG Mi, CEN Hong-Ren, LONG Cheng, FU Jie-Jun 2017, 44 (5):  373-375.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.012 Abstract ( 524 )   PDF (661KB) ( 820 )   Save MLN4924 can inhibit the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumor by inducing tumor cells apoptosis, senescence and autophagy, which can inhibit tumor angiogenesis and enhance the sensitivity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, MLN4924 plays a good antitumor effect. Related Articles | Metrics

Operation and tumor metastasis XU Fang-Ming, ZHANG Yong, XU Jian-Hua, SUN Jue, ZHU Qiu-Mei, LI Yue 2017, 44 (5):  376-379.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.013 Abstract ( 346 )   PDF (665KB) ( 1057 )   Save Prior to the formation of new metastases, a large number of cancer cells released from the primary tumor enter the dormancy period. Once the dormancy is broken, tumor cells will recover the capability of proliferation. In recent years, various hypotheses and mechanisms of tumor metastasis have been studied. Primary tumor resection is considered to be an important factor to break tumor dormancy state. It is recognized as an important reason to promote tumor metastasis. The improvement of surgical technique and further study on the mechanism of dormancy may provide new ideas for the treatment of metastatic tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

The role of epigenetics on antiangiogenesis therapy WANG Mei, JIANG Xiao-Dong 2017, 44 (5):  380-382.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.014 Abstract ( 394 )   PDF (663KB) ( 632 )   Save Epigenetics consists of DNA methylation, posttranslational modification of histon, microRNA and long noncoding RNA, which regulate angiogenesis by acting on different targets. Epigenetics has become potential targets of antiangiogenesis in tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

Research and application of NVPBEZ235 in lung cancer CHAI Xiao-Yu, XU Meng, LIU Xin-Min 2017, 44 (5):  383-385.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.015 Abstract ( 361 )   PDF (662KB) ( 648 )   Save NVPBEZ235 is a newly developed dual phosphatidyl linositol kinase 3kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. Studies have revealed that NVPBEZ235 combinate with other drugs were effective in the treatment of lung cancer. NVPBEZ235 might have a potential application value for the treatment of lung cancer of EGFR mutation subtype and KRAS mutation subtype. Related Articles | Metrics

Immunotherapy in esophageal cancer WANG Liang 2017, 44 (5):  386-389.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.016 Abstract ( 636 )   PDF (670KB) ( 1653 )   Save Tumor progression is often associated with immune suppression or the ability of the tumors to avoid immune surveillance. Immunotherapy improves the ability of the immune system to recognize and clear tumor cells with a little influence on the normal tissues. Immunotherapy is a hot spot in the research of advanced esophageal cancer. Immunotherapy of esophageal cancer includes immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cellular immunotherapy, tumor vaccines and antibody therapy. At present, a large number of clinical trials are underway to evaluate the role of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer. Checkpoint inhibitors represented by Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab, has achieved initial success in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer to improve the prognosis and life quality of esophageal cancer patients. In the future, further studies are needed to have a research on the effects of tumor heterogeneity, prediction of therapeutic targets, and immune tolerance. Related Articles | Metrics

Helicobacter pylori and gastric stump cancer BAI Hou-Qiao, GAO Peng, JIANG Guo-Sheng 2017, 44 (5):  390-392.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.017 Abstract ( 403 )   PDF (662KB) ( 712 )   Save he gastric stump cancer is closely associated with Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori can promote the proliferation of gastric remnant mucosa epithelial cells, the production of nitroso compounds in gastric juice and abnormal expressions of some genes in human body, and finally to promote the occurrence of gastric stump cancer. The eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection is expected to reduce the incidence of gastric stump cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Efficacy of VEGF and VEGFR pathway inhibitors in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer LI Mao-Ji, JIANG Lei, GUAN Quan-Lin 2017, 44 (5):  393-396.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.018 Abstract ( 791 )   PDF (673KB) ( 1125 )   Save |Antineovascularization is an important research direction in the current treatment of gastric cancer. The inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) are main research focus. At present, the inhibitors of the pathways of VEGF and VEGFR in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer include bevacizumab, ramucirumab, apatinib, regorafenib, sorafenib, et al. These drugs provide more possibilities for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress on surface markers of liver cancer stem cells Bao Jingfu 2017, 44 (5):  397-400.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.05.019 Abstract ( 426 )   PDF (673KB) ( 596 )   Save Recent studies find that cancer cells which express CD133, CD90, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, CD13, chemokine receptor 4, CD44 and ATPbinding cassette transporters play important roles on growth, recurrence and metastasis of liver cancer. Liver cancer stem cells constitute by cells which have different phenotype. Mentioned above cells may be important parts of liver cancer stem cells, which bring difficulties for the further development and practical application of theory about liver cancer stem cells.【Key words】Liver neoplasms; Neoplastic stem cells; Antigens, surface Related Articles | Metrics