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08 January 2017, Volume 44 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Targeting Pyk2 gene on the proliferation, invasion and migration induction of hepatocelluar cancer Hep3B cells Zuo Kai, Xue Dong, Kong Li, Xie Linlin, Li Wenyu, Yan Xiaohui, Xia Xiuliang 2017, 44 (1):  1-5.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2017.01.001 Abstract ( 568 )   PDF (1388KB) ( 1151 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of prolinerich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) gene RNA interference on proliferation, invasion and migration of Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells. MethodsThe Pyk2 gene RNA interference vector was transfected in Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells by lipofectamine. The Hep3B cells divided into three groups: siRNA group (the vector with Pyk2 RNAi gene was transfected), negative control group (the vector without Pyk2 RNAi gene was transfected), and blank control group (no vectors was transfected). Pyk2 mRNA and protein were detected using reverse transcription reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. The biological behavior including cell proliferation, invasion and migration were detected by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazoly)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), transwell and wound healing assay, respectively. ResultsThe expression of Pyk2 mRNA of Hep3B cell line in siRNA group (0.16±0.03) was significantly decreased than those in negative group (0.74±0.13) and blank control group (0.77±0.16), with statistically significant differences (t=51.46, P=0.000; t=53.21, P=0.000). The expression of Pyk2 protein of Hep3B cell line in siRNA group (0.24±0.06) was significantly decreased than those in negative group (0.83±0.05) and blank control group (0.91±0.06), with statistically significant differences (t=57.29, P=0.000; t=68.53, P=0.000). The cell proliferation inhibition rate at 48 hours in siRNA group (26.17%±0.28%) was significantly raised than those in negative group (9.28%±0.22%) and blank control group (6.47%±0.31%), with statistically significant differences (t=31.45, P=0.004; t=34.64, P=0.002). The number of transmembrane cells in siRNA group (32.5±8.5)/10 HP was significantly declined than those in negative group (98.4±12.3)/10 HP and blank control group (112.6±11.3)/10 HP, with statistically significant differences (t=95.64, P=0.000; t=105.17, P=0.000). The wound healing assay in siRNA group (28.17%±1.46%) was significantly lower than those in negative group (77.38%±2.24%) and blank control group (79.41%±3.17%), with statistically significant (t=85.86, P=0.000; t=89.37, P=0.000). ConclusionPyk2 gene involves the proliferation, invasion and migration of Hep3B cells, which has close correction with development and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Pyk2 gene is very helpful to become a molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Related Articles | Metrics

Diagnostic value of combined detection of serum DKK1 and EB virus VCA-IgA for nasopharyngeal carcinoma Xu Yiwei, Huang Lisheng, Guo Haipeng, Peng Yuhui 2017, 44 (1):  6-10.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2017.01.002 Abstract ( 434 )   PDF (890KB) ( 972 )   Save Objective  To explore the diagnostic value of the combined detection of serum Dickkopf-1（DKK1） and EB viral capsid antigen immunoglobulin A (VCA-IgA) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods Serum levels of DKK1 and VCA-IgA were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the 80 patients with NPC and 65 normal controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the diagnostic value. Results The serum levels ［M(QR)］ of DKK1 in patients with NPC were significantly higher than those in normal controls ［580.773(429.146)pg/ml vs. 316.174(252.965)pg/ml］, with a significant difference (Z=4.846, P＜0.000 1). ROC curves showed that the optimum diagnostic cutoff for serum DKK1 was 611.981 pg/ml, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.734 (95%CI: 0.654-0.815, 50.0% sensitivity, 96.9% specificity). Measurement of VCA-IgA demonstrated an AUC of 0.714 (95%CI: 0.631-0.798, 47.5% sensitivity, 95.4% specificity). The combined detection of DKK1 and VCA-IgA demonstrated an AUC of 0.849 (95%CI: 0.783-0.914, 76.3% sensitivity, 95.4% specificity). For patients with early-stage NPC, the detection effect of combined detection of DKK1 and VCA-IgA was much better than that in normal controls, with a significant difference (χ2=23.784, P＜0.001). Conclusion Serum DKK1 has potential diagnostic value for NPC. Combined detection of DKK1 and VCA-IgA may aid the early diagnosis of NPC. Related Articles | Metrics

Expressions and clinical significance of AEG-1 and BECN-1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma Ren Jia, Song Ningning, Wang Xinchao 2017, 44 (1):  11-14.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2017.01.003 Abstract ( 485 )   PDF (714KB) ( 1055 )   Save Objective  To analyze the expressions of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) and Beclin-1 (BECN-1) in papillary thyroid carcinoma （PTC） and their clinical significances. Methods  Thirty patients with PTC who were performed total thyroidectomy in the General Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin Medical University from October 2015 to May 2016 were collected. All patients were diagnosed with unilateral PTC. The tumor tissues were taken from the patients′ ipsilateral thyroids, and 30 cases of normal tissues were taken from the patients′ contralateral normal thyroids. The expressions of AEG-1 and BECN-1 in PTC tissues were detected by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The relationships between the expression status and clinicopathologic features were analyzed. Results  The positive expression levels ［M(QR)］ of AEG-1 in PTC and the normal tissues were 0.626 1 （0.741 4） and 0.049 8 （0.011 8） respectively, with a significant difference (Z=-4.488, P=0.000). The positive expression levels of BECN-1 in PTC and the normal tissues were 0.067 9 （0.198 1） and 0.785 7 （0.361 7） respectively, with a significant difference (Z=-5.441, P=0.000). In PTC, the expressions of AEG-1 and BECN-1 were related to TNM staging (Z=-3.980, P=0.000; Z=-2.265, P=0.023) and lymphatic metastasis (Z=-3.190, P=0.001; Z=-2.640, P=0.008), but they were not related to age (Z=-1.203, P=0.229; Z=-1.162, P=0.245), gender (Z=-1.222, P=0.222; Z=-0.453, P=0.651) and tumor size (Z=-1.496, P=0.135; Z=-1.166, P=0.244). The expression of AEG-1 was negatively correlated with that of BECN-1 (r=-0.343, P=0.007).Conclusion  The expression of AEG-1 in PTC is higher than that in normal tissues and the expression of BECN-1 in PTC is lower than that in normal tissues， and the expressions of AEG-1 and BECN-1 are related to TNM staging and lymphatic metastasis, which are expected to become prognostic indicators. Related Articles | Metrics

Randomized controlled clinical trial of nedaplatin combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin combined with gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma Zhang Jing, Chen Qun, Ke Mingyao, Zhuang Xibin, Shi Qin, Yong Yazhi, Huang Cheng 2017, 44 (1):  15-18.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2017.01.004 Abstract ( 394 )   PDF (800KB) ( 1025 )   Save Objective  To explore the efficacy and adverse reaction of nedaplatin (NDP) + gemcitabine (GEM) and cisplatin (DDP) + GEM for advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma. Methods  A total of 101 cases advanced untreated patients from September 2012 to December 2013 were randomly divided into 2 groups using random number table method: 69 patients in the observation group accepted NDP+ GEM treatment and 32 patients in the control group received DDP + GEM treatment. The objective response rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR) and progressionfree survival (PFS) and adverse reaction were collected and evaluated. Results  RR was 28.6% (18/63) in the observation group and 15.6% (5/32) in the control group, DCR was 81.0% (51/63) in the observation group and 68.8% (22/32) in the control group (χ2=1.36, P=0.24; χ2=1.67, P=0.20). The median PFS was 4.52 months and 4.01 months in the observation group and control group (χ2=0.09, P=0.73). The major adverse reaction was myelosuppression in both groups (33.3% vs. 37.5%， χ2=0.17， P=0.68). The incidence of ⅢⅣ grade nausea and vomiting was lower in the observation group, compared with the control group (14.5% vs. 56.3%, χ2=19.02, P=0.05). Conclusion  NDP combined with GEM in advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma of the firstline treatment has equivalent efficacy to DDP+GEM, with lower incidence of adverse reaction, which is worthy of further dissemination of research. Related Articles | Metrics

Association between EGFR mutation status and efficacy of first-line EGFR-TKI in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer JIANG Hai-Ying, LI Yan-Fang, ZHU Mei, LI Qian, 吕Jiao 2017, 44 (1):  19-23.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.01.005 Abstract ( 435 )   PDF (912KB) ( 1338 )   Save Objective  To evaluated the effect of first-line epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) on advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with different EGFR mutation status (exon 19 deletion and exon 21 mutation). Methods  Seventytwo advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation confirmed by histopathology were enrolled. All of the patients received firstline EGFRTKI. The relationships between EGFR mutation status and objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Results  Of the 72 patients, 37 patients expressed exon 19 deletion, 35 patients expressed exon 21 mutation, and all of them could be evaluated. The ORR and DCR of patients with exon 19 deletion were higher than those of patients with exon 21 mutation (75.7% vs. 51.4%, χ2=4.583, P=0.032; 89.2% vs. 68.6%, χ2=4.636, P=0.031). The modified median PFS of patients with exon 19 deletion was significantly higher than that of patients with exon 21 mutation (13.2 month vs. 10.8 month, χ2=4.700, P=0.030). The median OS of patients with exon 19 deletion was significantly higher than that of patients with exon 21 mutation (30.2 month vs. 25.6 month, χ2=4.686, P=0.030). The side effects were similar between the two groups. The most common adverse reaction was rash, and the incidence had no significant difference between the two groups (48.7% vs. 48.6%, χ2=0.000, P=0.995). Conclusion   EGFR mutation status is a predictor for PFS, OS and ORR of first-line EGFR-TKI in patients with advanced NSCLC. NSCLC patients with EGFR exon 19 deletion are associated with longer survival time and better response rate compared with those with exon 21 mutation. Related Articles | Metrics

MicroRNAs in exsomes—the new-type of regulatory molecules in the tumor progression Chen Dayang, An Fangmei, Zhan Qiang 2017, 44 (1):  24-26.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2017.01.006 Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (703KB) ( 1393 )   Save Tumor microenvironment is the key factor that influences the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Exosome is the particle by which cells can make communication in microenvironment. MicroRNA(miRNA) is widely involved in physiological processes, and plays an important role in the stability of tumor environment. MiRNAs in exosome play roles in tumor cell proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and then promote the metastasis, invasion and angiogenesis of tumor. Thus, the expression of oncogenes can be blocked by regulating the exosome production and secretion. It may shed light on the development of a therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and role of Golgi phosphoprotein 3 in cancer Lin Yanping, Li Hong, Shen Lida 2017, 44 (1):  27-30.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.01.007 Abstract ( 389 )   PDF (711KB) ( 1375 )   Save Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) is closely related to the development and prognosis of cancer, such as nonsmall cell lung cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, etc. The mainly tumor pathogenisis related GOLPH3 includes modulating the response to DNA damage, vesicle trafficking, mTOR signaling pathway, mitochondrial functions, cytokinesis and Golgi vesicular malignant secretion, and then promoting cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. GOLPH3 is expected to be a new target for cancer therapy, which may become an important biomarker for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Hypoxic tumor microenvironment and immune response Xiao Junjuan, Li Yan, Liang Jing 2017, 44 (1):  31-33.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2017.01.008 Abstract ( 883 )   PDF (703KB) ( 1937 )   Save The tumor microenvironment is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumor. Hypoxia is considered to be one of the most important factors in tumor microenvironment. Formation of hypoxic microenvironment can be found in most of malignant tumors, which can inhibit the antitumor immune response. Recent studies have indicated that immunosuppressive cells, tumor stem cells and circulating tumor cells in hypoxic tumor microenvironment can mediate immune suppression and immune tolerance, and then promote development of tumor. The new immune therapy will focus on normalizing tumor vasculature, reconstructing the tumor microenvironment, avoiding immune suppression and averting tumor immune tolerance. Related Articles | Metrics

Research of microbiota and tumor immunomodulatory Xiao Junjuan, Bi Zhenwang, Li Yan. 2017, 44 (1):  34-37.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.01.009 Abstract ( 445 )   PDF (712KB) ( 1431 )   Save The ecological balance of intestinal microbiota plays an important role in digestion, absorption,  metabolism, immunity and protection against pathogens. Intestinal microbiota can not only regulate the innate immunity of the body, but also can stimulate the immune response by the bacteria itself and its metabolites. The imbalance intestinal microbiota may lead to abnormal immune mechanism, and then participate in the occurrence and development of the tumor, especially colorectal cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Nucleic acid aptamer and its research progress in glioma Kou Zhewen, Peng Li, Zhang Xingmei 2017, 44 (1):  38-40.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2017.01.010 Abstract ( 598 )   PDF (702KB) ( 1167 )   Save Nucleic acid aptamer is an oligonucleotide generated by the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process from oligonucleotide library. Nucleic acid aptamer can bind to various targets with high specificity and  can recognize or inhibit the biological activity of targeting molecular. Gliomaspecific aptamers are developed by either targeting the glioma cells or known biomarkers, which can be coupled with nanoparticles, drugs or molecular probes, and can be applied in the imaging, targeted therapy and drug delivery of glioma. Related Articles | Metrics

Application of bevacizumab for malignant brain edema Yu Lan, Zhang Xiaotao, Liu Li, Han Xiaona 2017, 44 (1):  41-44.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2017.01.011 Abstract ( 2823 )   PDF (709KB) ( 2435 )   Save Anti-angiogenic drugs such as bevacizumab can effectively alleviate the patients′ brain edema and clinical symptoms and improve the patients′ life quality by reducing vascular permeability and the blood-brain barrier damage. Bevacizumab has got positive efficacy in the clinical, so that it is considered as an effective and safe treatment for malignant brain edema. Related Articles | Metrics

The application of circulating tumor cells in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer Guan Xiuwen， Ma Fei 2017, 44 (1):  45-48.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.01.012 Abstract ( 416 )   PDF (713KB) ( 1326 )   Save In recent years, the clinical utility of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) analysis from peripheral blood has undoubtedly become a popular topic in the field of precision medicine. CTCs analysis is a noninvasive, easily obtained and highly repeatable testing approach, and could be carried out in a real-time manner, which has never failed to surprise us with great progression in the detection of early disease, assessing prognosis, treatment response monitoring and individualized therapeutic direction in breast cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Safety of the nipple-sparing mastectomy in treating breast cancer Li Wenbin, Tang Han, Zou Jieya, Wang Xiaoqi, Nie Jianyun 2017, 44 (1):  49-52.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2017.01.013 Abstract ( 505 )   PDF (713KB) ( 1458 )   Save As a kind of breast cancer surgery choice, the nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) saves the patients′ nipple-areola complex (NAC) which has significant meaning for patients′ cosmetic results and postoperation reconstruction. However, the clinical application of NSM is still in controversial. Some hot topics about oncological safety of NSM have appeared in recent years, such as the screening criterion of the enrolled patients, the situation of NAC involvement and the complications after NSM and handing methods. Related Articles | Metrics

Driver genes and targeted drugs in lung cancer Huang Yan, Yang Jiyuan 2017, 44 (1):  53-56.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2017.01.014 Abstract ( 529 )   PDF (712KB) ( 2565 )   Save With the development of molecular biology of cancer, molecular targeted therapy which targeted the driver genes in lung cancer has become an inevitable part of the treatment of advanced lung cancer. The most successful examples of targeted therapy are targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). More and more driver genes have been discovered, including ROS1 gene fusion, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 amplification, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA gene mutation and so on. It is meaningful for guiding the treatment of lung cancer that defines the mutation incidence and clinical significance of driver genes in lung cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Appliation of the combination of antiangiogenic agents and EGFR-TKIs in advanced NSCLC treatment Qu Liyan, Kang Xiaoyan, Song Xia 2017, 44 (1):  57-59.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.01.015 Abstract ( 576 )   PDF (702KB) ( 1329 )   Save Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and anti-angiogenic drugs have individually demonstrated clinical benefit in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent studies demonstrate that the combination of anti-EGFR and anti-angiogenesis can more significantly enhance clinical benefit, and even can remit EGFR-TKIs resistance in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. According to the different kinds of antiangiogenesis drugs, recent clinical studies mainly include the combination of antivascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody bevacizumab plus EGFR-TKIs and multi-targeted receptor antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor plus EGFR-TKIs, and the former results show a more significant improvement in terms of safety and efficacy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Therefore, the combination of bevacizumab plus EGFR-TKIs can be used as a new treatment standard in the treatment of some patients with NSCLC. Related Articles | Metrics

Therapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients with solitary bone metastases Dong Yi, Wei Yuehua, Hu Weiguo, Song Qibin 2017, 44 (1):  60-62.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2017.01.016 Abstract ( 624 )   PDF (704KB) ( 1279 )   Save The therapeutic approaches for non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients with solitary bone metastases include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and so on. Recently, molecular targeted therapy such as the Denosumab has become a new option. Though there are so many options, the outcomes of the NSCLC with bone metastases are not so good. But for those with solitary bone metastases, radical treatment is necessary to improve the survival time and prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

Advances of immune checkpoint blockades in the treatment of digestive cancers Zhang Zijin, Ai Bin 2017, 44 (1):  63-66.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2017.01.017 Abstract ( 453 )   PDF (714KB) ( 1241 )   Save Immune checkpoint blockade is a hot spot in treatment of cancers recently, and their efficacy in digestive cancer cannot been ignored. Nivolumab is superior to sorafenib in the terms of prolonging survival period for the patients with advanced live cancer. The effective rate of Pembrolizumab for advanced PD-L1 positive expression esophageal cancer can reach 30%. Nevertheless, Ipilumumab shows no significant efficacy in advanced pancreatic carcinoma. More researches are on the way, such as Avelumab in advanced gastric cancer, and Pembrolizumab in advanced esophageal squamous carcinoma. Related Articles | Metrics

The clinical pathological indicators related with prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Rong Lulu, Xue Liyan, Lyu Ning 2017, 44 (1):  67-70.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2017.01.018 Abstract ( 494 )   PDF (713KB) ( 1117 )   Save Clinicopathological parameters are important to predict the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)， they mainly include TNM stage related indexes of the tumor, tumor length, vessel and nerve invasion, tumor budding,  peripheral blood cells, etc. To predict the prognosis of ESCC patients accurately is the prerequisite of precise treatment and the key to improve the patients survival rate and survival quality. Related Articles | Metrics

Targeted therapies for gastrointestinal cancer Huang Yan, Cheng Dan, Yang Jiyuan 2017, 44 (1):  71-74.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2017.01.019 Abstract ( 599 )   PDF (713KB) ( 1065 )   Save Molecular targeted therapy plays an important role in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. In recent years, a large number of targeted drugs have been developed and tested in clinical trials to verify their efficacy and security. The better efficacy and security of targeted drugs represented by monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been demonstrated in each phase of clinical trials. Related Articles | Metrics

The role of microRNA-32 in hepatocarcinoma Jiang Xiaojia, Li Shengmian 2017, 44 (1):  75-77.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2017.01.020 Abstract ( 380 )   PDF (704KB) ( 1074 )   Save MicroRNAs （miRNA） play an important role in a variety of cellular biology processes, and participate in the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In recent years, miR-32 has been shown to be aberrantly expressed in many tumor tissues. miR-32 is up-regulated in HCC and plays an oncogene role in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and so on. MiR-32 maybe a potential target for HCC therapy. Related Articles | Metrics