Immune remodeling strategies and clinical progress of the transformation of gastric cold tumors into hot tumors

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250919-00030

Abstract

Abstract:

The immune evasion of cold tumors in gastric cancer caused by insufficient T-cell infiltration hinders the widespread application of immunotherapy in gastric cancer. Clarifying the differences in biological characteristics between cold and hot tumors，as well as the association between gastric cancer molecular subtypes and immune phenotypes，is helpful for understanding the core mechanisms of the transformation from cold tumors into hot tumors，including enhancing antigen presentation，promoting immune cell infiltration and activation，and reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. In terms of clinical translation，relevant approaches include immunotherapy，combination therapy，and novel immunotherapies. Additionally，microbiome regulation and exercise may serve as new directions to enhance therapeutic efficacy. In the future，it will be necessary to develop combination strategies based on multi-omics stratification to achieve precise transformation of cold tumors，overcome drug resistance，and improve patient prognosis.

Key words: Stomach neoplasms, Transformation, Cold tumor, Hot tumor

Ma Zhuaxiji, Min Xiyun, Guan Quanlin. Immune remodeling strategies and clinical progress of the transformation of gastric cold tumors into hot tumors[J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2026, 53(3): 182-186.

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