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08 November 2024, Volume 51 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study on the characteristics of senescence， stemness and reproliferation of non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H1299 polyploid giant cancer cells induced by Docetaxel Zhao Song, Wang Lili, Ouyang Mingyue, Xing Sining, Yang Zi'en, Yu Huiying 2024, 51 (11):  673-677.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240727-00114 Abstract ( 23 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1712KB) ( 13 )   Save Objective To investigate the characteristics of cellular senescence， neoplastic stem cell and cell proliferation of polyploid giant cancer cells induced by Docetaxel （Doc） in non-small cell lung cancer， so as to analyze the potential role of polyploid giant cancer cells in neoplasm recurrence. Methods Non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H1299 cells were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO） or 100 nmol/L Doc for 24 h， and then cultured for another 3 d after replacing with fresh complete medium. The cells were recorded as control group and Doc group， respectively. The cell growth was observed under a microscopy. The nuclear morphology was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The DNA content was detected by flow cytometry. The cell density was counted by trypan blue staining. A senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining kit was used to detect the β-galactosidase activity. The mRNA expression levels of the transcription factors Krüppel-like factor 4 （KLF4） and NANOG were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The cells in the Doc group were cultured for a long time to observe the growth of polyploid giant cancer cells. Results After Doc treatment， the cell and nuclear volume were increased in NCI-H1299 cells. The percentage of polyploidy in the Doc group was 45.80%±1.73%， which was significantly higher than that in the control group （4.83%±0.72%）， with a statistically significant difference （t=-29.01， P<0.001）. The cell density in the Doc group was （8.18±0.54）×104/cm2， which was significantly higher than that in the control group [（0.75±0.08）×104/cm2]， with a statistically significant difference （t=23.55， P<0.001）. The senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity was significantly increased and the percentage of positive cells （blue coloring） was 56.21%±3.38% in the Doc group， which was significantly higher than that in the control group （4.20%±0.79%）， with a statistically significant difference （t=-47.37， P<0.001）. Compared with the control group （1.00±0.16）， the mRNA expression level of KLF4 was significantly higher in the Doc group （2.47±0.18）， with a statistically significant difference （t=-10.74， P<0.001）. Compared with the control group （0.99±0.07）， the mRNA expression level of NANOG was significantly higher in the Doc group （5.58±0.26）， with a statistically significant difference （t=-30.09， P<0.001）. After being cultured for another 5 d， the cells in the Doc group maintained a large cellular state and there were less cells in the visual field. After being cultured for 7 d， a few small daughter cells appeared around the large cells and there were still few cells in the visual field. After being cultured for 13 d， the number of daughter cells was significantly increased. And the daughter cells finally occupied the entire field of view by 15 d. Conclusion Doc induces non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H1299 cells to generate polyploid giant cancer cells. These cells exhibit characteristics of the senescence， stemness and reproliferation， which may contribute to neoplasm recurrence. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Value analysis of the prediction model based on multimodal MRI characteristics for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 types of breast tumors Zhu Bin, Wan Tao, Xu Hua, Jia Hao, Chen Shixin 2024, 51 (11):  678-683.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20231109-00115 Abstract ( 16 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1094KB) ( 2 )   Save Objective To explore the value of the prediction model based on multimodal MRI characteristics for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors of breast imaging reporting and date system （BI-RADS） 4 types. Methods A total of 204 patients with BI-RADS 4 types of breast tumors confirmed by contrast-enhanced MRI in 3201 Hospital from January 2018 to January 2023 were retrospectively included， and were divided into the malignant group （124 cases） and the benign group （80 cases） according to surgical histopathology. Clinical and MRI imaging characteristics of the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the differential diagnosis indexes of benign and malignant breast tumors of BI-RADS 4 types. A prediction model for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 types of breast tumors was constructed. Receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curve was used to compare the differential diagnostic value of each index for benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 types of breast tumors. Results There were statistically significant differences in age （t=7.78， P<0.001）， internal enhancement type （χ2=14.50， P=0.002）， apparent diffusion coefficient （t=-6.77， P<0.001） longitudinal relaxation time （T1） value （t=-6.15， P<0.001）， and longitudinal relaxation rate （R1） value （t=7.02， P<0.001） between the malignant and benign groups. Multivariate analysis showed that age （OR=1.16， 95%CI： 1.07-1.25， P<0.001）， internal reinforcement type （uneven： OR=8.08， 95%CI： 2.21-29.51， P=0.002）， apparent diffusion coefficient （OR=0.01， 95%CI： 0.00-0.05， P<0.001）， T1 value （OR=0.99， 95%CI： 0.99-1.00， P<0.001）， and R1 value （OR=1 043.50， 95%CI： 46.48-2 3426.36， P<0.001） were all independent factors influencing the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 types of breast tumors. According to the results of multivariate analysis， a logistic regression model for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 types of breast tumors was constructed. logit （P）=0.05+0.15×age+2.09×internal enhancement type-5.21×apparent diffusion coefficient-0.01×T1 value+6.95×R1 value. ROC curve analysis showed that age， internal reinforcement type， apparent diffusion coefficient， T1 value， R1 value， and logistic regression model P-value were used for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors， the Jordan indexes were 40.60%， 39.68%， 49.44%， 38.23%， 43.27%， and 75.70%， respectively. The areas under the ROC curve were 0.757， 0.647， 0.718， 0.724， 0.757， and 0.924， respectively. Conclusion Multimodal magnetic resonance indexes， including internal reinforcement type， apparent diffusion coefficient， T1 value and R1 value， can be used for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 types of breast tumors. The differential diagnostic model based on the above indexes has good differential diagnostic efficacy for benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 types of breast tumors. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression of long non-coding RNA TCF7 and LSINCT5 in non-small cell lung cancer tissues and the relationship with prognosis Qiu Qi, Liu Jun, Xie Zhibin, Deng Kelan, Wang Mengmeng 2024, 51 (11):  684-689.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240522-00116 Abstract ( 25 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1005KB) ( 6 )   Save Objective To investigate the expression levels of long non-coding RNA （lncRNA） TCF7 and LSINCT5 in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） tissues and the relationship with clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of patients. Methods NSCLC tissues and para-carcinoma tissues specimens of 108 NSCLC patients who underwent single-port thoracoscopic radical resection at Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology from June 2020 to October 2021 were collected. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was applied to detect the expression of lncRNA TCF7 and LSINCT5 in NSCLC tissues and para-carcinoma tissues. The relationship between the expression of both and the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients was analyzed. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between the expression of lncRNA TCF7 and LSINCT5 in NSCLC tissues. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to analyze the influencing factors of prognosis of NSCLC patients. Results The relative expression of lncRNA TCF7 in NSCLC tissues was 1.62±0.53， which was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma tissues （1.08±0.34， t=8.91， P<0.001）. The relative expression of lncRNA LSINCT5 in NSCLC tissues was 1.54±0.48， which was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma tissues （1.07±0.33， t=8.39， P<0.001）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression of lncRNA TCF7 and LSINCT5 in NSCLC tissues was positively correlated （r=0.41， P<0.001）. There were statistically significant differences in the expression of lncRNA TCF7 and LSINCT5 in NSCLC tissues among patients with different TNM stages （χ2=6.28， P=0.012； χ2=5.40， P=0.020） and histological grades （χ2=6.31， P=0.012； χ2=7.23， P=0.007）. The 2-year survival rate of NSCLC patients with high expression of lncRNA TCF7 （n=54） was 48.15%， which was significantly lower than that of patients with low expression （n=54） （72.22%， χ2=6.53，P=0.011）. The 2-year survival rate of NSCLC patients with high expression of lncRNA LSINCT5 （n=55） was 47.23%， which was significantly lower than that of patients with low expression （n=53） （73.58%， χ2=7.80， P=0.005）. Univariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis （HR=1.55， 95%CI： 1.11-2.17， P=0.011）， TNM stage Ⅲ （HR=2.15， 95%CI： 1.32-3.48， P=0.002）， poorly differentiated histologically grade （HR=1.39， 95%CI： 1.11-1.73， P=0.004）， positive lymph node status （HR=1.75， 95%CI： 1.37-2.23， P<0.001）， maximum diameter of tumor >2 cm （HR=1.93， 95%CI： 1.09-3.43， P=0.024）， high expression of lncRNA TCF7 （≥1.62） （HR=1.77， 95%CI： 1.41-2.21， P<0.001）， high expression of lncRNA LSINCT5 （≥1.54） （HR=1.54， 95%CI： 1.21-1.97， P<0.001） were associated with prognosis of NSCLC patients who underwent single-port thoracoscopic radical resection. Multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage Ⅲ （HR=1.25， 95%CI： 1.03-1.53， P=0.026）， poor differentiated histologically grade （HR=1.63， 95%CI： 1.07-2.48， P=0.023）， high expression of lncRNA TCF7 （HR=1.29， 95%CI： 1.03-1.62， P=0.025）， high expression of lncRNA LSINCT5 （HR=1.48， 95%CI： 1.14-1.93， P=0.004） were independent risk factors for prognosis of NSCLC patients. Conclusion The expressions of lncRNA TCF7 and LSINCT5 are up-regulated in NSCLC tissues， and their expressions are positively correlated. Patients with high expression of lncRNA TCF7 and LSINCT5， patients in TNM stage Ⅲ， and patients with poorly differentiated histologically grade have a high risk of poor prognosis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of irinotecan combined with XELOX regimen on immune status， intestinal microecology and prognostic risk in elderly patients with colorectal cancer Chen Kunyan, Du Juan, Ji Yuwei, Gu Weiwei, Peng Hanzhi 2024, 51 (11):  690-695.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240618-00117 Abstract ( 13 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (725KB) ( 6 )   Save Objective To analyze the effects of irinotecan combined with XELOX regimen on immune status， intestinal microecology and prognostic risk in elderly patients with colorectal cancer. Methods A total of 105 elderly patients with advanced colorectal cancer admitted to Qidong People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province from October 2018 to April 2023 were included as the study objects. They were divided into control group （n=45） and observation group （n=60） according to different chemotherapy regimen. The control group was treated with XELOX regimen alone， and the observation group was treated with irinotecan combined with XELOX regimen. The short-term efficacy， changes of indexes related to immune status and intestinal microecology before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The patients were followed up from the end of treatment. With death or recurrence and metastasis as the end event during the follow-up， 105 patients were divided into poor prognosis group （n=32） and good prognosis group （n=73）. The clinical data of the two groups were compared， and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the prognostic factors in elderly patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 53.33% （32/60）， which was higher than that of the control group （20.00%， 9/45） （χ2=12.01， P=0.001）. One week after treatment， the ratios of CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group were （38.59±1.50）% and 1.81±0.20， respectively， higher than those in the control group （36.25±1.82）% and 1.59±0.15 （t=7.22， P<0.001； t=6.19， P<0.001）. The ratio of CD8+ T cells was （21.27±2.70）%， lower than that of the control group （22.80±2.92）% （t=2.78， P=0.007）. The numbers of Bifidobacterium， Lactobacillus and Enterococcus were （9.44±0.82）， （9.89±0.79）， （9.14±0.66） lg CFU/g， respectively， which were higher than those in the control group （8.20±0.70）， （9.05±0.72）， （8.25±0.62） lg CFU/g （t=8.16， P<0.001； t=5.60， P<0.001； t=7.02， P<0.001）. There were statistically significant differences in the proportion of smoking and drinking history （χ2=7.61， P=0.006）， the proportion of low differentiation （χ2=6.54， P=0.011）， the proportion of lymph node metastasis （χ2=5.86， P=0.016） and the level of carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） before chemotherapy [（5.80±0.89） μg/L vs. （7.48±1.02） μg/L， t=8.51， P<0.001]， the level of carbohydrate antigen 199 （CA199） [（29.54±1.85） U/ml vs. （34.52±2.50） U/ml， t=11.36， P<0.001] in good prognosis group and poor prognosis group. Multivariate analysis showed that smoking and drinking history （OR=1.74， 95%CI： 1.53-2.15， P<0.001）， low differentiation （OR=1.80， 95%CI： 1.60-2.15， P<0.001）， lymph node metastasis （OR=1.82， 95%CI： 1.68-2.33， P<0.001）， high CEA level before chemotherapy （OR=1.81， 95%CI： 1.62-2.38， P<0.001）， high CA199 level before chemotherapy （OR=1.80， 95%CI： 1.66-2.37， P<0.001） were risk factors for the prognosis of advanced colorectal cancer in the elderly. Conclusion Irinotecan combined with XELOX regimen can effectively improve immune function and intestinal microecology in elderly patients with advanced colorectal cancer， but the risk of poor prognosis after chemotherapy is higher. Smoking and drinking history， low differentiation， lymph node metastasis， high CEA level before chemotherapy， and high CA199 level before chemotherapy are risk factors affecting the prognosis of elderly patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Construction of a prognostic model of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with lncRNA AL445524.1 and its effect on the malignant phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma cells Xue Xiaofang, Zhong Yuquan, Li Xinyang 2024, 51 (11):  696-705.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240618-00118 Abstract ( 14 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (6811KB) ( 2 )   Save Objective To explore the prognostic value of long non-coding RNA （lncRNA） AL445524.1 in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and its regulatory effect on liver cancer cells. Methods Based on the TCGA database， bioinformatics analysis was conducted to assess the expression levels of AL445524.1 in HCC. Using the median expression level of AL445524.1 as the cut-off value， 343 HCC patients were divided into high expression group and low expression group. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between AL445524.1 expression， other clinical characteristics， and patients' prognosis， identifying independent risk factors for the prognosis of HCC patients. Based on the results of the multivariate analysis， patients with complete data were randomly divided into a testing set （n=215） and a training set （n=92） in a 7∶3 ratio using a random number table method， and a nomogram prognostic prediction model for HCC was constructed. Receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curves were plotted to calculate the area under the curve （AUC） to analyze and validate the predictive performance of the model. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted on the differentially expressed genes regulated by AL445524.1. The expression level of AL445524.1 in liver cancer cells was detected using RT-PCR. Human hepatoma cell lines HCCLM3 were divided into si-AL445524.1-1， si-AL445524.1-2， si-AL445524.1-3 and si-NC groups. The CCK-8 assay was used to assess cell proliferation capability； cell scratch and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate cell migration and invasion abilities； and flow cytometry was utilized to detect cell apoptosis. Results The expression of AL445524.1 in liver cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma tissues （4.38±1.26 vs. 2.08±0.45， t=24.58， P<0.001）. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the 5-year overall survival （OS） rate for HCC patients in high AL445524.1 expression group （n=170） was 37.37%， and that of patients in low AL445524.1 expression group （n=173） was 58.38%， with a statistically significant difference （χ²=8.83， P=0.003）. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor recurrence （HR=2.58， 95%CI： 1.64-4.07， P<0.001）， clinical stage （HR=2.49， 95%CI： 1.63-3.81， P<0.001）， and AL445524.1 expression （HR=1.23， 95%CI： 1.06-1.41， P=0.010） were independent factors affecting the prognosis of HCC patients. A nomogram prognostic prediction model was constructed based on tumor recurrence， clinical stage， and AL445524.1 expression， with the model risk score calculated as： risk score=0.774×tumor recurrence+0.753×clinical stage+0.231×AL445524.1. The prediction model C-index values of 0.726， 0.660， and 0.678 in the training set， testing set， and overall set， respectively. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC values for the 1-year OS rates in the training set， testing set， and overall set were 0.746， 0.630， and 0.684， respectively； the AUC values for the 3-year OS rates were 0.778， 0.736， and 0.743； and the AUC values for the 5-year OS rates were 0.794， 0.760， and 0.774. In the training set， the test set and the overall set， the predictive performance of the model score in predicting the 5-year OS rate of patients was superior to the individual predictions of AL445524.1 expression， clinical stage and tumor recurrence alone （all P<0.05）. The 5-year overall survival （OS） rates of high-risk group （n=154） and low-risk group （n=153） were 33.54% and 77.73%， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （χ²=28.97， P<0.001）. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that the differential expression of AL445524.1 genes in high and low expression groups was mainly related to lipid metabolism and oxidation. GSEA analysis showed that the oxidative phosphorylation pathway was significantly enriched in HCC patients with high expression of AL445524.1. In vitro experiments showed that AL445524.1 expression was higher in liver cancer cells （1.97±0.14） compared to normal liver cells （1.00±0.10）， with a statistically significant difference （t=11.62， P=0.007）. Silencing AL445524.1 could significantly inhibit the proliferation， migration， and invasion of liver cancer cells and promote apoptosis. In the CCK-8 proliferation experiment， the A450 values of the si-NC， si-AL445524.1-1， si-AL445524.1-2， and si-AL445524.1-3 groups after 24 hours were 0.433±0.012， 0.377±0.020， 0.383±0.020， and 0.423±0.005， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （F=20.51， P<0.001）. Additionally， the cell proliferation in the si-AL445524.1-1， si-AL445524.1-2， and si-AL445524.1-3 groups was lower than that in the si-NC group （all P<0.001）. The cell scratch assay showed that the scratch healing rates of the above 4 groups were 33.60%±6.15%， 21.60%±4.30%， 26.40%± 4.60%， and 27.30%±2.60%， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （F=42.71， P<0.001）. The scratch healing rates of the si-AL445524.1-1， si-AL445524.1-2， and si-AL445524.1-3 groups were also significantly lower than that of the si-NC group （all P<0.001）. Transwell migration and invasion experiments revealed that the number of migrated cells in the above 4 groups were 293.50±14.80， 110.50±10.28， 132.44±5.57， and 115.25±8.66， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （F=374.16， P<0.001）. The number of migrated cells in the si-AL445524.1-1， si-AL445524.1-2， and si-AL445524.1-3 groups were significantly lower than that in the si-NC group （all P<0.001）. For the invasion assay， the number of invaded cells in the above 4 groups were 247.00±9.49， 119.00±5.57， 153.25±5.85， and 163.67±5.51， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （F=218.14， P<0.001）. The number of invaded cells in the si-AL445524.1-1， si-AL445524.1-2， and si-AL445524.1-3 groups were also significantly lower than that in the si-NC group （all P<0.001）. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rates of the above 4 groups were 1.70%±0.08%， 2.17%±0.11%， 2.38%±0.08%， and 2.02%±0.27%， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （F=29.36， P<0.001）. The apoptosis rate in the si-AL445524.1-1， si-AL445524.1-2， and si-AL445524.1-3 groups were significantly higher than that in the si-NC group （all P<0.001）. Conclusion AL445524.1 can serve as a prognostic marker for HCC. The AL445524.1-related prognostic prediction model demonstrates high accuracy in predicting the 5-year OS rate of HCC patients. Patients with high AL445524.1 expression have poorer survival prognosis. Silencing AL445524.1 can inhibit liver cancer cell proliferation， migration， and invasion while promoting apoptosis， which may be related to cellular lipid metabolism or oxidative phosphorylation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

Role of CMTM6 and CMTM4 protein in tumorigenesis， development and prognosis Ma Mingzhu, Gao Xiaoling 2024, 51 (11):  706-711.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240328-00119 Abstract ( 10 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (748KB) ( 1 )   Save The CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing family of genes （CMTM） family plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis， development， metastasis， and drug resistance. CMTM6 and CMTM4 are key proteins that regulate the stability of programmed death-ligand 1 （PD-L1） and play an important role in tumor immunotherapy resistance in particular. At present， the detailed molecular mechanisms linking CMTM6 and CMTM4 with tumors have not been fully understood. In-depth study of the expression， biological role and regulatory mechanism of CMTM4 and CMTM6 in tumors will provide new ideas and targets for the diagnosis， treatment and prediction of prognosis of tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress in the transformation of small cell lung cancer after targeted drug resistance by EGFR gene mutations Zhao Hongxiao, Liu Chunling 2024, 51 (11):  712-716.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240328-00120 Abstract ( 22 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (743KB) ( 11 )   Save The advent of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors （EGFR-TKIs） have brought benefits to patients with EGFR gene mutations， which can not only improve the quality of life of patients， but also prolong their survival. However， most patients develop resistance to EGFR-TKIs after taking them for about one year， leading to disease progression. One of the mechanisms of EGFR-TKIs resistance is the conversion from non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） to small cell lung cancer （SCLC）， with an incidence of 2%-14%， which is a relatively rare resistance mechanism. Currently， the mechanism of SCLS transformation remains unclear， and the median survival of patients with NSCLC converted to SCLC is approximately 17.8 months. Studying the resistance mechanism of EGFR-TKIs， the occurrence mechanism and clinical characteristics of transformed SCLC is of great significance for the treatment plan and prognosis of transformed SCLC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Targeted therapeutic progression of EGFR mutation in non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastasis Luo Yijun, Yao Weirong, Wang Xiaoli 2024, 51 (11):  717-722.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240318-00121 Abstract ( 15 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (765KB) ( 7 )   Save Patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） generally have a poor prognosis. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKIs） have significantly improved the prognosis of patients with sensitizing mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） gene. Combining TKIs with other treatments such as radiotherapy， chemotherapy， and anti-angiogenic therapy can improve survival of patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC brain metastases. However， more in-depth clinical studies are needed to determine the best combination strategies and to identify which patient groups will benefit the most from these approaches. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress on the application of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction technology in the treatment of liver cancer Jiang Qiong, Yu Jinhong 2024, 51 (11):  723-727.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240618-00122 Abstract ( 8 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (708KB) ( 1 )   Save Commonly used treatments for liver cancer include ablation therapy， surgical resection， liver transplantation， etc. With the further development of ultrasound therapy technology and molecular imaging technology， ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction （UTMD） technology has become an emerging means of tumor diagnosis and treatment. Ultrasound microbubbles can not only diagnose and develop， but also can be used as a new drug or gene delivery system， enabling targeted delivery of drugs or genes to treat diseases. This technology has great potential in the treatment of liver cancer. Exploring the mechanism， application and related issues of UTMD in the treatment of liver cancer can bring new treatment options for liver cancer patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Advances in the study of biliary stents in malignant biliary obstruction Liao Jun, Zu Hongliang 2024, 51 (11):  728-733.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240607-00123 Abstract ( 17 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (732KB) ( 5 )   Save Malignant biliary obstruction （MBO） refers to the obstruction of the biliary tract， which usually causes obstruction of bile discharge， leading to skin yellow staining， itching， and impaired liver function. MBO can be caused by bile duct， pancreatic head， jugular tumor or distant tumor metastasis invasion and compression. Because of its insidious symptoms and high degree of malignancy， the 5-year survival rate is extremely low， and most patients miss the opportunity of surgery. Therefore， endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography combined with internal biliary stents drainage has significant advantages in the palliative treatment of MBO. References | Related Articles | Metrics