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03 December 2014, Volume 41 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Side population cells of common tumor ZHU Chao, QIAN Jun 2014, 41 (11):  801-804.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2014.11.001 Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (845KB) ( 1527 )   Save Side population cells (SPs) are selected by the efflux features of fluorescent dye Hoechst33342. SPs have the characteristics of cancer stem cells, and play an extremely important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. At present, the SPs in common types of malignant tumor have been studied extensively at home and abroad. The study of SPs may shed some light on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Establishment of circulating tumor cell linesWang WANG Huan-Sheng, LI Pang, LI Sheng 2014, 41 (11):  805-807.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2014.11.002 Abstract ( 416 )   PDF (704KB) ( 1346 )   Save Corresponding author【Abstract】The specificity of circulating tumor cell (CTC) such as  epithelialmesenchymal transition, fusion of bone marrowderived cells, resistance anoikis determines the necessity of cell cultivating. The produced cell lines can provide good material basis for further research of malignant tumor metastasis, also provide individualized targeted therapy for patients with a new direction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Impact of the signal path PD-1/PD-L1 on Treg cells and tumor cells SONG Shu-An, PU Da-Xun, JIANG Tao, JING Qiong-You, WANG Jian-Bing 2014, 41 (11):  808-810.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.003 Abstract ( 423 )   PDF (701KB) ( 1054 )   Save Programmed death1 (PD1) and its ligand PDL1 are the major members of inhibitory costimulatory molecules and express high in a variety of tumor cells and their associated cells surface, while the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) are abnormally elevated in tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes cells. PDL1 combined with PD1 and Treg help tumors evade immune clearance, weaken immune responses and induce immune tolerance. New researches find that PDL1 plays an important role in the development and function maintenance of inducible Treg (iTreg), and PDL1 signal can change initial CD4+ CD25- T cells into iTreg to play a role of immunosuppression. Research on PD1 signaling pathway can provide a new theoretical basis for the inhibition of tumor immune escape in clinical application of immunotherapy and better treatments. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cyclin-dependent kinase 10 and tumorigenesis YOU Yan-Jie, LI Wen-Mei, LIU Jia-Jia, YUAN Yi 2014, 41 (11):  811-812.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.004 Abstract ( 356 )   PDF (691KB) ( 1438 )   Save Cyclindependent kinase 10 (CDK10) function as a tumor suppressor gene through regulating cell cycle interacting with transcription factor Ets2. Studies demonstrate that the downregulation of CDK10 expression occurs in multiple cancer types, indicating a potential application of CDK10 as a molecular diagnostic marker as well as therapeutic target. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Roles of Hedgehog signaling in T cell differentiation and development FENG Xiao-Bing, LI Yue-Min, LI Yang 2014, 41 (11):  813-816.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.005 Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (713KB) ( 1411 )   Save The production of mature functional T cells requires many signals from the thymus such as Wnt,Notch and Hedgehog, et al. The Hedgehog protein family signals for development, patterning and organogenesis of many tissues during mammalian embryogenesis. In recent years, more and more research groups focus their attention on it because of its relationship between tumors. Abnormal differentiation and development of T cells may cause various immunological diseases and tumors. Illuminating the roles of Hedgehog signaling in T cell differentiation and development can provide a theoretical guide in the treatment of tumor References | Related Articles | Metrics

Multimodality treatment of malignant glioma DONG Fang, XUE Jin-Cai, WANG Xiao-Hu 2014, 41 (11):  816-820.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.006 Abstract ( 444 )   PDF (712KB) ( 1352 )   Save Malignant gliomas cells grow invasively with no clear boundary, and a complete resection surgery is very difficult, and the pathological type is not sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, so the overall treatment effect is not ideal, and this disease is very prone to local recurrence after treatment. The treatment of malignant glioma is mainly composed of surgical resection with postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Other new treatments include targeted therapy, immune therapy, gene therapy and so on. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of stereotactic body radiotherapy in extracranial metastases LIN Gang, WANG Zhun, XU Ya-Ping 2014, 41 (11):  820-823.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.007 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (712KB) ( 1190 )   Save Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been applied in extracranial metastases effectively, with the characteristics of concentrated dose distribution in target region, great dose gradient change in surrounding region and low dose in normal tissue beside target region. The radiation biology characteristics of SBRT, therapeutic mechanism, integration of SBRT into standard systemic therapy regimens have been studied further. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Vasculogenic mimicry in cancer LI Pi-Song, LI Jian-Yi, ZHANG Wen-Hai 2014, 41 (11):  824-827.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.008 Abstract ( 547 )   PDF (713KB) ( 1516 )   Save Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is one of the blood supply patterns in malignant tumor, and the molecular mechanism of breast malignant tumor VM is complicated. The plasticity of tumor cells and variety of molecules regulation play important roles in the mechanism of VM. At the same time, the hypoxic microenvironment and microRNA (miRNA) are associated with the occurrence and development of VM, especially in breast malignant tumor, and they are expected to become important diagnostic and prognostic indicators in breast cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Postoperative radiotherapy of internal mammary nodes in breast cancer 吕Qing-Fang , ZHANG Qiu-Ning, WANG Xiao-Hu 2014, 41 (11):  827-829.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.009 Abstract ( 715 )   PDF (706KB) ( 1595 )   Save Internal mammary nodes are part of the first stop of mammary gland lymphatic drainage. It plays an important role in the process of occurrence and development of breast cancer. Whether irradiation internal mammary nodes or not is still a larger controversy. At present, for the early stage patients, the efficacy of internal mammary lymph node irradiation is not clear. For the patients with positive axillary lymph nodes, inboard or central quadrant lesions, postoperative radiotherapy of internal mammary nodes has a certain value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Tumor-associated macrophages in immune microenvironment of lung cancer DING Yi-Hui, ZHANG Kai, HU Yue, LIU Li 2014, 41 (11):  830-833.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.010 Abstract ( 580 )   PDF (709KB) ( 1670 )   Save With the research on tumor immunity and tumor immunosuppression development, immunotherapies for lung cancer has become a research hotspot. Tumor immune microenvironment plays an important role in tumor genesis, development and metastasis of lung cancer. Tumorassociated macrophages (TAMs) are the dominant leukocyte population found in immune microenvironment of lung cancer. The relationship between TAMs and lung cancer becomes clear with further research.  TAMs may become the new target of lung cancer immunotherapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical research progress between MMP-9 and the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer HU Jun-Jie, XU Pei-Quan 2014, 41 (11):  833-836.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.011 Abstract ( 448 )   PDF (711KB) ( 1362 )   Save The molecular weight of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9 is the largest in MMP family which comes mainly from macrophage and neutrophil. MMP9 is considered to be involved in the occurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer. It also provides a new way for colorectal cancer in clinical prevention and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of microRNA in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer MENG Qing-Cai, GU Hong-Chen, HUANG Xin-Yu 2014, 41 (11):  837-840.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.012 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (712KB) ( 1353 )   Save MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a regulating function in translation stage of gene expression. MiRNA has been found directly involving in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer, and its abnormal expression is closely related to early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and may provide new therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer patients. MiRNA detection will have good application prospect in on the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Function of Toll like receptor signaling pathway in the carcinogenesis process related to high risk HPV infection of cervical XU Xiao-Xian, LOU Han-Mei 2014, 41 (11):  840-843.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.013 Abstract ( 442 )   PDF (711KB) ( 1276 )   Save Toll like receptors (TLRs) are the most characteristic of pathogen recognition receptors. TLR signal pathway affects the outcome of cervical HPV infection, and plays double roles of promoting or inhibiting tumor in immune regulation for the process from highrisk HPV infection to cervical cancer. The polymorphism of TLR gene is closely related to the occurrence of cervical cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Influence of canonical Wnt signaling pathway on the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer LIU Cui-Lian, CUI Cheng, WANG Li-Fei, HAO Shu-Wei 2014, 41 (11):  844-847.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.014 Abstract ( 481 )   PDF (790KB) ( 1386 )   Save The canonical Wnt signaling pathway has been the hot spot in the signaling pathway studies which are related to ovary carcinogenesis in recent years, whose activation may induce the multiplication and selfrenewal, survival and metastasis of ovarian cancer stem cells. The target gene mutations of key members in the canonical Wnt pathway and abnormal expresses of negative regulation molecules are closely associated with the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer. Deeply investigating the regulative mechanisms of canonical Wnt signaling pathway in ovarian cancer, and taking this as the therapeutic target to conduct the basic research and preclinical experiment may provide theoretical basis for treating better ovarian cancer patients in clinical practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

New progression of lobaplatin in the treatment of gynecologic cancer YANG Zhi-Min, LIN Yuan, CHEN Jia-Yi, WANG Hua-Ying 2014, 41 (11):  848-851.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.015 Abstract ( 517 )   PDF (712KB) ( 1443 )   Save Lobaplatin is the third generation platinum anticancer drug, and has been listed for the clinical treatment of advanced breast cancer, small cell lung cancer and chronic myeloid leukemia. Studies have shown that lobaplatin as the latest third generation platinum anticancer drug, has good water solubility, broadspectrum antitumor, strong antitumor activity, no crossresistance with other platinum drugs, low toxicity and many other features. Lobaplatin  has shown a clear advantage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Microenvironment for leukemia extramedullary infiltration WANG Hui, SHI Jun 2014, 41 (11):  851-854.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.016 Abstract ( 536 )   PDF (710KB) ( 1462 )   Save Extramedullary infiltration is one of the reasons of relapse and death for leukemia patients. Reaearches increasingly show that extramedullary microenvironment plays a pivotal role on progress and relapse of leukemia. Extramedullary infiltration of leukemia is the result of interactions among many factors and many steps, involving liver, spleen, central nervous system, thymus and other tissues and organs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Microenvironment and therapeutic targets of metastatic bone cancer YANG Jie-Lai, YANG Qing-Cheng 2014, 41 (11):  854-857.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.017 Abstract ( 408 )   PDF (710KB) ( 1458 )   Save Microenvironment and therapeutic targets of metastatic bone cancerYang Jielai, Yang Qingcheng.Corresponding author:【Abstract】Currently, the treatment of bone metastases is quite limited,and the effect is not significant.It is a tempting but difficult task to find valid therapy.The recent research on bone microenvironment, including the osteoblasts, osteoclasts and tumor cells et al,may provide new targets and methods for the treatment of bone metastases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and significance of HIF-1α, PDGF and VEGF/VEGFR-2 in breast cancer LI Chun-Ling, WANG Chao-Xia, WANG Heng-Xiao 2014, 41 (11):  858-865.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.018 Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (1677KB) ( 1045 )   Save ObjectiveTo discuss the relationship among hypoxiainducible factor1α (HIF1α), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR signaling pathway in breast cancer occurring and metastasis in the early stage. MethodsThe clinical and pathological features and the expression of HIF1α, PDGFA, VEGFA and VEGFR2 were assayed by histomorphology and immunohistochemical staining on tissue specimens from 61 patients of breast cancer and healthy breast tissues healthy breast tissue from 17 patients of benign breast disease. ResultsVEGF expression was observed in 39 out of 61 malignant breast tissues, more than distribution of positive staining 20 patients (51.3%) of which. VEGFR expression was found in 42 out of 61 lesions,. more than 10% distribution of positive staining 22 patients (52.4%) of which. Simultaneous expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 was found in 12 cases. HIF1α was expressed in 50 and PDGF in 39 out of 61 breast cancer patients, and in 36(72.0%) HIF1α positive specimens and 23 (59.0%) PDGF positive specimens the staining area was more than 10%. The expression of VEGFR was  correlated with patient′s age （χ2=11.080, P=0.001）and lymph node metastasis （χ2=4.699, P=0.046）. VEGF, HIF1α and PDGF were not correlated with patient′s age (χ2=0.880,  P=0.415; χ2=1.620, P=0.303; χ2=0.150, P=0.786) and lymph node metastasis （χ2=0.677, P=0.437; χ2=1.394, P=0.323; χ2=1.841, P=0.192）. ConclusionHIF1α, PDGF, VEGF and VEGFR2 express in breast tumor tissues at a high level, and VEGFR2 is correlated with patient′s age and lymph node metastasis. Abovementioned proteins can be used as markers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of disodium cantharidinate on in vitro lymphocyte immune response in lung cancer patients XING Zhen-Yu, ZHANG Hui-Di, GAO Lei, CHANG Wen-Long, TIAN Shao-Hui, ZHANG Hui 2014, 41 (11):  862-865.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.019 Abstract ( 542 )   PDF (714KB) ( 1294 )   Save Effect of disodium cantharidinate on in vitro lymphocyte immune response in lung cancer patientsXing Zhenyu*, Zhang Huidi, Gao Lei, Chang Wenlong, Tian Shaohui, Zhang Hui. *Corresponding author: 【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of disodium cantharidinateon in vitro lymphocyte immune response in lung cancer patients. MethodsTwenty nonsmall cell lung cancer patients diagnosed by pathological diagnosis were selected. The effects of different concentrations of disodium cantharidinate and vitamin B6 on lymphocyte proliferation and CD4+CD25+ T cells, CD25+FOXP3+ T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and flow cytometry. ResultsWhen the concentrations of disodium cantharidinate and vitamin B6 was less than 10 μg/ml, with the growth of concentration, it stimulated the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes. When the concentration was more than 10 μg/ml, with the growth of concentration, the absorbance value decreased, and the stimulating effect weakened. When the concentration of disodium cantharidinate and vitamin B6 injection was less than 10 μg/ml, with the growth of concentration, CD4+/CD8+ ratio increased significantly, and CD4+ CD25+/CD4+ and CD25+ FOXP3+ T cells were significantly lower, which showed statistically significant differences （t=2.171, P=0.032; t=2.103, P=0.041; t=3.662, P=0.002; t=3.201, P=0.003; t=3.233, P=0.003). But when the concentration was more than 10 μg/ml, The differences of CD4+/CD8+ ratio, CD4+CD25+/CD4+ and CD25+FOXP3+ T cells in 10, 15, 20 μg/ml groups were not statistically significant, which showed that disodium cantharidinate and vitamin B6 injection had a positive effect on enhancing the immune function of lymphocytes in lung cancer in a concentration dependent manner, but high concentration was unhelpful. ConclusionDisodium cantharidinate and vitamin B6 injection can promote lung cancer in vitro lymphocyte proliferation as well as increase its immunity in a certain range. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical application value of nipple-sparing mastectomy in breast cancer KONG Ling-Yu, SU Chuan-Fu 2014, 41 (11):  866-869.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.020 Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (709KB) ( 1394 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy, curative effects and cosmetic results of nipplesparing modified radical mastectomy (NSM) in the treatment of breast cancer. MethodsNinetysix patients who received initial therapy in Linyi Cancer Hospital from January 1, 2007 to January 1, 2010 were selected. Among them, 35 patients undergoing NSM were chosen as NSM group, 61 patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy (MRM) were chosen as MRM group. The postoperative complications, aesthetic assessment, local recurrence and distant metastasis of the two groups were compared. ResultsIn postoperative complications, the difference of the two groups had no statistical significance (χ2=3.140, P=0.061). NSM group was better than MRM group in aesthetic evaluation (χ2=82.786, P=0.000). Followup was obtained in all patients with range of 48 to 84 months and 63 months in average. Neither of them had local recurrence. Two patients(5.7%) in NSM group and three patients(4.9%) in MRM group developed distant metastasis. The incidents of distant metastasis had no statistically significant difference (χ2=0.029, P=0.866). ConclusionNSM can obtain the same therapeutic effect as MRM, and is easily accepted by patients before operation and has the better aesthetic assessment after operation. NSM is worth spreading widely. References | Related Articles | Metrics

CT guided percutaneous lung biopsy: manipulation technique discussion and analysis of complicationsGong GONG Wei-Hong, WANG Jun-Ye, ZHAO Hai-Yan, ZHANG Zhong-Min, ZHANG Chuan-Jian, YAN Li, CHEN Wen-Jun, SUN Li-Jun 2014, 41 (11):  869-872.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.021 Abstract ( 418 )   PDF (711KB) ( 1436 )   Save ObjectiveTo explore the technique, complications and preventions of CT guided percutaneous lung biopsy in diagnosing lung neoplasms. Methods112 cases of lung neoplasms were performed CT guided percutaneous lung biopsy with shallow breathing. All pathological results and complications were recorded and then followed clinical followup. Results106 cases were diagnosed malignant tumors in the initial pathology and 6 cases nonmalignant tumor. After second biopsies of the 6 cases, 4 cases were confirmed malignant and 2 cases nonmalignant. Of the 2 “benign” cases, 1 was indicated malignant during followup. The pathological diagnosis accuracy rate was 95.54% (107/112) after the initial biopsies. 24 cases appeared pneumothorax, 8 cases hemoptysis or tumor hemorrhage, 1 cases pleural reaction. ConclusionCT guided lung biopsy is an ideal lung neoplasm diagnostic method with good tolerance, high diagnostic accuracy and  less complications combined with shallow breathing, and it needs clear indications, wellregulated puncture technique,  skilled operation with care. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expressions and significances of sICAM-1 and sCD44v6 in peritoneal lavage fluid after laparoscopically assisted radical gastrectomy WANG Hong 2014, 41 (11):  872-874.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.022 Abstract ( 439 )   PDF (703KB) ( 1345 )   Save ObjectiveTo explore the expressions and significances of sICAM1 and sCD44v6 in peritoneal lavage fluid after laparoscopically assisted radical gastrectomy, in order to evaluate the risk of laparoscopically assisted radical gastrectomy for the peritoneal plant transfer. MethodsNinetytwo patients with gastric cancer were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group. The control group was treated with open laparotomy and the experimental group was treated with laparoscopic surgery. The concentrations of both sICAM1 and sCD44v6 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The positive rates of tumor cells in the two groups were compared. ResultsThe expressions of sICAM1, sCD44v6 in the two groups before operation had no significant difference （t=0.198, P=0.543; t=0.897, P=0.429）. After operation, sICAM1 and sCD44v6 levels increased significantly, but there was no significant difference between the two groups （t=0.766, P=0.312; t=1.092, P=0.129）. The positive rates of tumor cells in the two groups before and after operation have no significant differences (χ2＝0.789, P＝0.287; χ2＝0.912, P＝0.198). ConclusionLaparoscopically assisted radical gastrectomy does not increase the expression of sICAM1 and sCD44v6 in peritoneal lavage fluid and the risk of peritoneal metastasis. It is worthy of clinical popularization and application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and clinical significance of transcription factor Sox2 in human prostate cancer ZHANG Zhen-Yu, ZHANG Yu-Feng, ZHANG Hong-Wei 2014, 41 (11):  875-878.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2014.11.023 Abstract ( 588 )   PDF (926KB) ( 1325 )   Save ObjectiveTo study the expression of Sox2 in human prostate cancer and pericarcinomatous tissue, and the relation between its expression and the pathological type and clinical stage of prostate cancer. MethodsImmunohistochemisty, Western blot and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) were used to detect the expression of Sox2 in 86 cases of prostate cancer tissues and 40 cases of pericarcinomatous tissues. The relation between Sox2 expression and the pathological type and clinical stage of prostate cancer was analyzed. ResultsThe expression of Sox2 in prostate cancer tissue (71.9%) was significantly higher than that in pericarcinomatous tissue (7.5%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=53.98, P<0.05).  Sox2 expression in prostate cancer tissues was significantly related to Gleason score (χ2=19.49, P<0.05). The positive rate of Sox2 in lymphatic metastasis group and negative lymphatic metastasis group was 92.3％ and 73.3％ respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=3.95, P<0.05)．While there was no significant difference among clinical stages (χ2=0.16, P>0.05). Moreover, Western blot and RTPCR revealed that the expression of Sox2 in prostate cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in pericarcinomatous tissue (t=-2.93, P<0.05; t=3.29, P<0.05). ConclusionThe high expression of Sox2 is closely related to the Gleason score and lymphatic metastasis of prostate cancer, but not to the clinical stage. The overexpression of Sox2 may play an important role in formation, differentiation and metastasis of prostate cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics