Research progress on prognostic factors of cervical cancer

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20220303-00057

Abstract

Abstract:

At present, the clinical judgment of cervical cancer prognosis is mainly based on common pathological factors, such as tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and the depth of interstitial invasion. In recent years, with the advancement of technology, many biomarkers have been proved to be closely related to the diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer. Hematological parameters and other medical diseases also affect the survival of cervical cancer patients to some extent.

Key words: Uterine cervical neoplasms, Prognosis, Influencing factor

Yuan Chenyang, Zhou Juying. Research progress on prognostic factors of cervical cancer[J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2022, 49(5): 307-313.

References 78

[1]	Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2021, 71(3): 209-249. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21660. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660
[2]	Randall TC, Goodman A, Schmeler K, et al. Cancer and the world’s poor: what’s a gynecologic cancer specialist to do?[J]. Gynecol Oncol, 2016, 142(1): 6-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.05.018. doi: S0090-8258(16)30742-9 pmid: 27210817
[3]	Arbyn M, Weiderpass E, Bruni L, et al. Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: a worldwide analysis[J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2020, 8(2): e191-e203. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30482-6. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30482-6 pmid: 31812369
[4]	Lowy DR, Schiller JT. Reducing HPV-associated cancer globally[J]. Cancer Prev Res (Phila), 2012, 5(1): 18-23. DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0542. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0542
[5]	Bernard HU, Burk RD, Chen Z, et al. Classification of papillomaviruses (PVs) based on 189 PV types and proposal of taxonomic amendments[J]. Virology, 2010, 401(1): 70-79. DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.02.002. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.02.002
[6]	Roden RB, Lowy DR, Schiller JT. Papillomavirus is resistant to de-siccation[J]. J Infect Dis, 1997, 176(4): 1076-1079. DOI: 10.1086/516515. doi: 10.1086/516515 pmid: 9333171
[7]	Muñoz N, Bosch FX, Castellsagué X, et al. Against which human papillomavirus types shall we vaccinate and screen? The international perspective[J]. Int J Cancer, 2004, 111(2): 278-285. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20244. doi: 10.1002/ijc.20244
[8]	Long W, Yang Z, Li X, et al. HPV-16, HPV-58, and HPV-33 are the most carcinogenic HPV genotypes in Southwestern China and their viral loads are associated with severity of premalignant lesions in the cervix[J]. Virol J, 2018, 15(1): 94. DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1003-x. doi: 10.1186/s12985-018-1003-x
[9]	Nagai Y, Toma T, Moromizato H, et al. Persistence of human papillomavirus infection as a predictor for recurrence in carcinoma of the cervix after radiotherapy[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2004, 191(6): 1907-1913. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.088. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.088
[10]	Yang Z, Hou Y, Lyu J, et al. Dynamic prediction and prognostic analysis of patients with cervical cancer: a landmarking analysis approach[J]. Ann Epidemiol, 2020, 44: 45-51. DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.01.009. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.01.009
[11]	Wright JD, Matsuo K, Huang Y, et al. Prognostic performance of the 2018 international federation of gynecology and obstetrics cervical cancer staging guidelines[J]. Obstet Gynecol, 2019, 134(1): 49-57. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003311. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003311 pmid: 31188324
[12]	Frumovitz M, Sun CC, Schmeler KM, et al. Parametrial involvement in radical hysterectomy specimens for women with early-stage cervical cancer[J]. Obstet Gynecol, 2009, 114(1): 93-99. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181ab474d. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181ab474d pmid: 19546764
[13]	Yüksel D, Karataş Şahin E, Ünsal M, et al. The prognostic factors in 384 patients with FIGO 2014 stage ⅠB cervical cancer: what is the role of tumor size on prognosis?[J]. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2021, 266: 126-132. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.09.028. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.09.028 pmid: 34634671
[14]	Mayr NA, Yuh WT, Zheng J, et al. Tumor size evaluated by pelvic examination compared with 3-D MR quantitative analysis in the prediction of outcome for cervical cancer[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 1997, 39(2): 395-404. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(97)00318-0. doi: 10.1016/S0360-3016(97)00318-0
[15]	Takekuma M, Kasamatsu Y, Kado N, et al. The issues regarding postoperative adjuvant therapy and prognostic risk factors for patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ cervical cancer: a review[J]. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2017, 43(4): 617-626. DOI: 10.1111/jog.13282. doi: 10.1111/jog.13282
[16]	Olthof EP, van der Aa MA, Adam JA, et al. The role of lymph nodes in cervical cancer: incidence and identification of lymph node metastases-a literature review[J]. Int J Clin Oncol, 2021, 26(9): 1600-1610. DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-01980-2. doi: 10.1007/s10147-021-01980-2 pmid: 34241726
[17]	Wang M, Yuan B, Zhou ZH, et al. Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of cervical adenocarcinoma[J]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 7506. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86786-y. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86786-y pmid: 33820927
[18]	Uno T, Ito H, Isobe K, et al. Postoperative pelvic radiotherapy for cervical cancer patients with positive parametrial invasion[J]. Gynecol Oncol, 2005, 96(2): 335-340. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.09.061. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.09.061
[19]	McComas KN, Torgeson AM, Ager BJ, et al. The variable impact of positive lymph nodes in cervical cancer: implications of the new FIGO staging system[J]. Gynecol Oncol, 2020, 156(1): 85-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.10.025. doi: S0090-8258(19)31609-9 pmid: 31744640
[20]	Chen HH, Meng WY, Li RZ, et al. Potential prognostic factors in progression-free survival for patients with cervical cancer[J]. BMC Cancer, 2021, 21(1): 531. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08243-3. doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-08243-3
[21]	Hoskins WJ. Prognostic factors for risk of recurrence in stages Ⅰb and Ⅱa cervical cancer[J]. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 1988, 2(4): 817-828. DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3552(98)80010-2. doi: 10.1016/s0950-3552(98)80010-2
[22]	Delgado G, Bundy B, Zaino R, et al. Prospective surgical-pathological study of disease-free interval in patients with stage ⅠB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study[J]. Gynecol Oncol, 1990, 38(3): 352-357. DOI: 10.1016/0090-8258(90)90072-s. doi: 10.1016/0090-8258(90)90072-s pmid: 2227547
[23]	Zhu J, Cao L, Wen H, et al. The clinical and prognostic implication of deep stromal invasion in cervical cancer patients undergoing radical hysterectomy[J]. J Cancer, 2020, 11(24): 7368-7377. DOI: 10.7150/jca.50752. doi: 10.7150/jca.50752
[24]	Toprak S, Sahin EA, Sahin H, et al. Risk factors for cervical stromal involvement in endometrioid-type endometrial cancer[J]. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2021, 153(1): 51-55. DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13449. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13449
[25]	Colombo N, Creutzberg C, Amant F, et al. ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO consensus conference on endometrial cancer: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up[J]. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2016, 26(1): 2-30. DOI: 10.1097/IGC.0000000000000609. doi: 10.1097/IGC.0000000000000609
[26]	Herr D, König J, Heilmann V, et al. Prognostic impact of satellite-lymphovascular space involvement in early-stage cervical cancer[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(1): 128-132. DOI: 10.1245/s10434-008-0185-7. doi: 10.1245/s10434-008-0185-7
[27]	Pol FJ, Zusterzeel PL, van Ham MA, et al. Satellite lymphovascular space invasion: an independent risk factor in early stage cervical cancer[J]. Gynecol Oncol, 2015, 138(3): 579-584. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.06.035. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.06.035
[28]	Li P, Liu P, Yang Y, et al. Hazard ratio analysis of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for ⅠA1 with LVSI-ⅡA2 cervical cancer: identifying the possible contraindications of laparoscopic surgery for cervical cancer[J]. Front Oncol, 2020, 10: 1002. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01002. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01002
[29]	陈春林, 康山, 陈必良, 等. 不同肿瘤直径的Ⅰa1(LVSI阳性)- Ⅰb1期子宫颈癌腹腔镜与开腹手术的肿瘤学结局比较[J]. 中华妇产科杂志, 2020, 55(9): 589-599. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20200515-00411. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20200515-00411
[30]	Weyl A, Illac C, Lusque A, et al. Prognostic value of lymphovascular space invasion in early-stage cervical cancer[J]. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2020, 30(10): 1493-1499. DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001274. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001274
[31]	Bartel DP. Metazoan MicroRNAs[J]. Cell, 2018, 173(1): 20-51. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.006. doi: S0092-8674(18)30286-1 pmid: 29570994
[32]	Mencía A, Modamio-Høybjør S, Redshaw N, et al. Mutations in the seed region of human miR-96 are responsible for nonsyndromic progressive hearing loss[J]. Nat Genet, 2009, 41(5): 609-613. DOI: 10.1038/ng.355. doi: 10.1038/ng.355
[33]	Keller T, Boeckel JN, Groß S, et al. Improved risk stratification in prevention by use of a panel of selected circulating microRNAs[J]. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 4511. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04040-w. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04040-w pmid: 28674420
[34]	Hosseinian S, Arefian E, Rakhsh-Khorshid H, et al. A meta-analysis of gene expression data highlights synaptic dysfunction in the hippocampus of brains with Alzheimer’s disease[J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 8384. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64452-z. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64452-z pmid: 32433480
[35]	Grenda A, Filip AA, Wąsik-Szczepanek E. Inside the chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell: miRNA and chromosomal aberrations[J]. Mol Med Rep, 2022, 25(2): 65. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12581. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12581
[36]	McGuire A, Brown JA, Kerin MJ. Metastatic breast cancer: the potential of miRNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring[J]. Cancer Metastasis Rev, 2015, 34(1): 145-155. DOI: 10.1007/s10555-015-9551-7. doi: 10.1007/s10555-015-9551-7
[37]	Eyking A, Reis H, Frank M, et al. MiR-205 and miR-373 are associated with aggressive human mucinous colorectal cancer[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(6): e0156871. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156871. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156871
[38]	Tang T, Wong HK, Gu W, et al. MicroRNA-182 plays an onco-miRNA role in cervical cancer[J]. Gynecol Oncol, 2013, 129(1): 199-208. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.12.043. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.12.043 pmid: 23313739
[39]	Zhao S, Yao D, Chen J, et al. Circulating miRNA-20a and miRNA-203 for screening lymph node metastasis in early stage cervical cancer[J]. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers, 2013, 17(8): 631-636. DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0085. doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0085
[40]	Chen J, Li G. MiR-1284 enhances sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to cisplatin via downregulating HMGB1[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2018, 107: 997-1003. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.059. doi: S0753-3322(18)33193-7 pmid: 30257412
[41]	How C, Hui AB, Alajez NM, et al. MicroRNA-196b regulates the homeobox B7-vascular endothelial growth factor axis in cervical cancer[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(7): e67846. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067846. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067846
[42]	Li M, Li BY, Xia H, et al. Expression of microRNA-142-3p in cervical cancer and its correlation with prognosis[J]. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2017, 21(10): 2346-2350.
[43]	Vromman M, Vandesompele J, Volders PJ. Closing the circle: current state and perspectives of circular RNA databases[J]. Brief Bioinform, 2021, 22(1): 288-297. DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbz175. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbz175
[44]	Gao YL, Zhang MY, Xu B, et al. Circular RNA expression profiles reveal that hsa_circ_0018289 is up-regulated in cervical cancer and promotes the tumorigenesis[J]. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(49): 86625-86633. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21257. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.21257
[45]	Cai H, Zhang P, Xu M, et al. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000263 participates in cervical cancer development by regulating target gene of miR-150-5p[J]. J Cell Physiol, 2019, 234(7): 11391-11400. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27796. doi: 10.1002/jcp.27796
[46]	Wu P, Li C, Ye DM, et al. Circular RNA circEPSTI1 accelerates cervical cancer progression via miR-375/409-3P/515-5p-SLC7A11 axis[J]. Aging (Albany NY), 2021, 13(3): 4663-4673. DOI: 10.18632/aging.202518. doi: 10.18632/aging.202518
[47]	Xie H, Wang J, Wang B. Circular RNA circ_0003221 promotes cervical cancer progression by regulating miR-758-3p/CPEB4 axis[J]. Cancer Manag Res, 2021, 13: 5337-5350. DOI: 10.2147/CMAR.S311242. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S311242
[48]	Song TF, Xu AL, Chen XH, et al. Circular RNA circRNA_101996 promoted cervical cancer development by regulating miR-1236-3p/TRIM37 axis[J]. Kaohsiung J Med Sci, 2021, 37(7): 547-561. DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12378. doi: 10.1002/kjm2.12378
[49]	Boeckel JN, Perret MF, Glaser SF, et al. Identification and regulation of the long non-coding RNA Heat2 in heart failure[J]. J Mol Cell Cardiol, 2019, 126: 13-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.11.004. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.11.004
[50]	Peng WX, Koirala P, Mo YY. LncRNA-mediated regulation of cell signaling in cancer[J]. Oncogene, 2017, 36(41): 5661-5667. DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.184. doi: 10.1038/onc.2017.184 pmid: 28604750
[51]	Rinn JL, Kertesz M, Wang JK, et al. Functional demarcation of active and silent chromatin domains in human HOX loci by nonco-ding RNAs[J]. Cell, 2007, 129(7): 1311-1323. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.022. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.022
[52]	Ishibashi M, Kogo R, Shibata K, et al. Clinical significance of the expression of long non-coding RNA HOTAIR in primary hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Oncol Rep, 2013, 29(3): 946-950. DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2219. doi: 10.3892/or.2012.2219 pmid: 23292722
[53]	Li J, Wang Y, Yu J, et al. A high level of circulating HOTAIR is associated with progression and poor prognosis of cervical cancer[J]. Tumour Biol, 2015, 36(3): 1661-1665. DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2765-4. doi: 10.1007/s13277-014-2765-4
[54]	Kim HJ, Lee DW, Yim GW, et al. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR is associated with human cervical cancer progression[J]. Int J Oncol, 2015, 46(2): 521-530. DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2758. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2758
[55]	Yang M, Zhai X, Xia B, et al. Long noncoding RNA CCHE1 promotes cervical cancer cell proliferation via upregulating PCNA[J]. Tumour Biol, 2015, 36(10): 7615-7622. DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3465-4. doi: 10.1007/s13277-015-3465-4
[56]	Guo F, Li Y, Liu Y, et al. Inhibition of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 in CaSki human cervical cancer cells suppresses cell proliferation and invasion[J]. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai), 2010, 42(3): 224-229. DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmq008. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmq008
[57]	Barkati M, Fortin I, Mileshkin L, et al. Hemoglobin level in cervical cancer: a surrogate for an infiltrative phenotype[J]. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2013, 23(4): 724-729. DOI: 10.1097/IGC.0b013e31828a0623. doi: 10.1097/IGC.0b013e31828a0623 pmid: 23446376
[58]	Mayr NA, Wang JZ, Zhang D, et al. Synergistic effects of hemoglobin and tumor perfusion on tumor control and survival in cervical cancer[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2009, 74(5): 1513-1521. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.09.050. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.09.050
[59]	Zhang X, Lv Z, Yu H, et al. The clinicopathological and prognostic role of thrombocytosis in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis[J]. Oncol Lett, 2017, 13(6): 5002-5008. DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6054. doi: 10.3892/ol.2017.6054
[60]	Wang JM, Wang Y, Huang YQ, et al. Prognostic values of platelet-associated indicators in resectable cervical cancer[J]. Dose Response, 2019, 17(3): 1559325819874199. DOI: 10.1177/1559325819874199. doi: 10.1177/1559325819874199
[61]	Domenici L, Tonacci A, Aretini P, et al. Inflammatory biomarkers as promising predictors of prognosis in cervical cancer patients[J]. Oncology, 2021, 99(9): 571-579. DOI: 10.1159/000517320. doi: 10.1159/000517320
[62]	Ma JY, Ke LC, Liu Q. The pretreatment platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts clinical outcomes in patients with cervical cancer: a meta-analysis[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2018, 97(43): e12897. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012897. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012897
[63]	Wu Y, Ye S, Goswami S, et al. Clinical significance of peripheral blood and tumor tissue lymphocyte subsets in cervical cancer patients[J]. BMC Cancer, 2020, 20(1): 173. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6633-x. doi: 10.1186/s12885-020-6633-x
[64]	Wu J, Chen M, Liang C, et al. Prognostic value of the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in cervical cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review[J]. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(8): 13400-13412. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14541. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.14541
[65]	Huang QT, Man QQ, Hu J, et al. Prognostic significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies[J]. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(10): 16755-16764. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15157. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.15157
[66]	Li YX, Chang JY, He MY, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) predict clinical outcome in patients with stage ⅡB cervical cancer[J]. J Oncol, 2021, 2021: 2939162. DOI: 10.1155/2021/2939162. doi: 10.1155/2021/2939162
[67]	Li J, Cao G, Ma Q, et al. The bidirectional interation between pancreatic cancer and diabetes[J]. World J Surg Oncol, 2012, 10: 171. DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-171. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-171
[68]	Chang SC, Yang WV. Hyperglycemia, tumorigenesis, and chronic inflammation[J]. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2016, 108: 146-153. DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.11.003. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.11.003
[69]	Yang X, Ko GT, So WY, et al. Associations of hyperglycemia and insulin usage with the risk of cancer in type 2 diabetes: the Hong Kong diabetes registry[J]. Diabetes, 2010, 59(5): 1254-1260. DOI: 10.2337/db09-1371. doi: 10.2337/db09-1371
[70]	Yuan S, Kar S, Carter P, et al. Is type 2 diabetes causally associated with cancer risk? Evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study[J]. Diabetes, 2020, 69(7): 1588-1596. DOI: 10.2337/db20-0084. doi: 10.2337/db20-0084
[71]	Chen S, Tao M, Zhao L, et al. The association between diabetes/hyperglycemia and the prognosis of cervical cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2017, 96(40): e7981. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000007981. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000007981
[72]	Vrachnis N, Iavazzo C, Iliodromiti Z, et al. Diabetes mellitus and gynecologic cancer: molecular mechanisms, epidemiological, clinical and prognostic perspectives[J]. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2016, 293(2): 239-246. DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3858-z. doi: 10.1007/s00404-015-3858-z
[73]	Gallagher EJ, LeRoith D. Obesity and diabetes: the increased risk of cancer and cancer-related mortality[J]. Physiol Rev, 2015, 95(3): 727-748. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2014. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2014 pmid: 26084689
[74]	Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, et al. Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults[J]. N Engl J Med, 2003, 348(17): 1625-1638. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa021423. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa021423
[75]	Frumovitz M, Jhingran A, Soliman PT, et al. Morbid obesity as an Independent risk factor for disease-specific mortality in women with cervical cancer[J]. Obstet Gynecol, 2014, 124(6): 1098-1104. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000558. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000558 pmid: 25415160
[76]	Gnade CM, Hill EK, Botkin HE, et al. Effect of obesity on cervical cancer screening and outcomes[J]. J Low Genit Tract Dis, 2020, 24(4): 358-362. DOI: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000570. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000570
[77]	Maruthur NM, Bolen SD, Brancati FL, et al. The association of obesity and cervical cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2009, 17(2): 375-381. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.480. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.480
[78]	Bohn JA, Hernandez-Zepeda ML, Hersh AR, et al. Does obesity influence the preferred treatment approach for early-stage cervical cancer? A cost-effectiveness analysis[J]. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2022, 32(2): 133-140. DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-003004. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-003004