Darwinian evolution and tumor ecosystem

doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673422X.2016.12.007

Abstract

Abstract: With the rapid development of the potential medicine and the treatment protocols, the treatment effect had been improved significantly. Treatment inevitably fails because of the evolution of the resistant cells. As a dynamic ecosystem, in the occurrence and development process of tumors, the tumor microenvironment and tumor cells themselves show differences in the evolution, which enable tumor microenvironment and tumor cells have abundant heterogeneity in time and spatial that is the foundation for the evolution of the resistant cells.

Key words: Neoplasms, Evolution

WENG Yi-Ming, HU Wei-Guo, SONG Qi-Bin. Darwinian evolution and tumor ecosystem[J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2016, 43(12): 911-914.

References

［1］ Gatenby RA, Silva AS, Gillies RJ, et al. Adaptive therapy［J］. Cancer Res, 2009, 69(11): 48944903. DOI: 10.1158/00085472.CAN083658. ［2］Easwaran H, Tsai HC, Baylin SB. Cancer epigenetics: tumor heterogeneity, plasticity of stemlike states, and drug resistance［J］. Mol Cell, 2014, 54(5): 716727. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.05.015. ［3］Korolev KS, Xavier JB, Gore J. Turning ecology and evolution against cancer［J］. Nat Rev Cancer, 2014, 14(5): 371380. DOI: 10.1038/nrc3712. ［4］EnriquezNavas PM, Wojtkowiak JW, Gatenby RA. Application of evolutionary principles to cancer therapy［J］. Cancer Res, 2015, 75(22): 46754680. DOI: 10.1158/00085472.CAN151337. ［5］Kam Y, Das T, Tian H, et al. Sweat but no gain: inhibiting proliferation of multidrug resistant cancer cells with "ersatzdroges"［J］. Int J Cancer, 2015, 136(4): E188E196. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29158. ［6］Silva AS, Kam Y, Khin ZP, et al. Evolutionary approaches to prolong progressionfree survival in breast cancer［J］. Cancer Res, 2012, 72(24): 63626370. DOI: 10.1158/00085472.CAN122235. ［7］Chmielecki J, Foo J, Oxnard GR, et al. Optimization of dosing for EGFRmutant nonsmall cell lung cancer with evolutionary cancer modeling［J］. Sci Transl Med, 2011, 3(90): 90ra59. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002356. ［8］Gatenby RA. A change of strategy in the war on cancer［J］. Nature, 2009, 459(7246): 508509. DOI: 10.1038/459508a. ［9］Gay L, Baker AM, Graham TA. Tumour cell heterogeneity［J］. F1000Res, 2016, 5: pii: F1000 Faculty Rev238. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7210.1. ［10］ Zhang J, Fujimoto J, Zhang J, et al. Intratumor heterogeneity in localized lung adenocarcinomas delineated by multiregion sequencing［J］. Science, 2014, 346(626): 256259. DOI: 10.1126/science.1256930. ［11］ Cai W, Lin D, Wu C, et al. Intratumoral heterogeneity of ALKRearranged and ALK/EGFR coaltered lung adenocarcinoma［J］. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(32): 37013709. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.58.8293. ［12］ Shaw AT, Friboulet L, Leshchiner I, et al. Resensitization to crizotinib by the lorlatinib ALK resistance mutation L1198F［J］. N Engl J Med, 2016, 374(1): 5461. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1508887. ［13］ Gainor JF, Tan DS, De Pas T, et al. Progressionfree and overall survival in ALKpositive NSCLC patients treated with sequential crizotinib and ceritinib［J］. Clin Cancer Res, 2015, 21(12): 27452752. DOI: 10.1158/10780432.CCR143009. ［14］ Shaw AT, Engelman JA. Crizotinib resensitization by compound mutation［J］. N Engl J Med, 2016, 374(18): 17901791. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1601366. ［15］ Allred DC, Brown P, Medina D. The origins of estrogen receptor alphapositive and estrogen receptor alphanegative human breast cancer［J］. Breast Cancer Res, 2004, 6(6): 240245. DOI: 10.1186/bcr938. ［16］ Martins VC, Busch K, Juraeva D, et al. Cell competition is a tumour suppressor mechanism in the thymus［J］. Nature, 2014, 509(751): 465470. DOI: 10.1038/nature13317. ［17］ Moreno E. Is cell competition relevant to cancer?［J］. Nat Rev Cancer, 2008, 8(2): 141147. DOI: 10.1038/nrc2252. ［18］ Wishart GC, Plumb JA, Going JJ, et al. Pglycoprotein expression in primary breast cancer detected by immunocytochemistry with two monoclonal antibodies［J］. Br J Cancer, 1990, 62(5): 758761. ［19］Dalton WS, Grogan TM, Meltzer PS, et al. Drugresistance in multiple myeloma and nonHodgkin′s lymphoma: detection of Pglycoprotein and potential circumvention by addition of verapamil to chemotherapy［J］. J Clin Oncol, 1989, 7(4): 415424. ［20］ Wishart GC, Bissett D, Paul J, et al. Quinidine as a resistance modulator of epirubicin in advanced breast cancer: mature results of a placebocontrolled randomized trial［J］. J Clin Oncol, 1994, 12(9): 17711777. ［21］ Tsuruo T, Iida H, Kitatani Y, et al. Effects of quinidine and related compounds on cytotoxicity and cellular accumulation of vincristine and adriamycin in drugresistant tumor cells［J］. Cancer Res, 1984, 44(10): 43034307. ［22］ Meads MB, Hazlehurst LA, Dalton WS. The bone marrow microenvironment as a tumor sanctuary and contributor to drug resistance［J］. Clin Cancer Res, 2008, 14(9): 25192526. DOI: 10.1158/10780432.CCR072223. ［23］ Chiappori AA, Soliman H, Janssen WE, et al. INGN225: a dendritic cellbased p53 vaccine (Ad.p53DC) in small cell lung cancer: observed association between immune response and enhanced chemotherapy effect［J］. Expert Opin Biol Ther, 2010, 10(6): 983991. DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2010.484801. ［24］ Dovedi SJ, Adlard AL, LipowskaBhalla G, et al. Acquired resistance to fractionated radiotherapy can be overcome by concurrent PDL1 blockade［J］. Cancer Res, 2014, 74(19): 54585468. DOI: 10.1158/00085472.CAN141258. ［25］ Dal Bello MG, Alama A, Barletta G, et al. Sequential use of vinorelbine followed by gefitinib enhances the antitumor effect in NSCLC cell lines poorly responsive to reversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors［J］. Int J Cancer, 2015, 137(12): 29472958. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29647. ［26］ Bissell MJ, Hines WC. Why don′t we get more cancer? A proposed role of the microenvironment in restraining cancer progression［J］. Nat Med, 2011, 17(3): 320329. DOI: 10.1038/nm.2328. ［27］ Langley RR, Fidler IJ. The seed and soil hypothesis revisitedthe role of tumorstroma interactions in metastasis to different organs［J］. Int J Cancer, 2011, 128(11): 25272535. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26031. ［28］ Oezdemir BC, PentchevaHoang T, Carstens JL, et al. Depletion of CarcinomaAssociated fibroblasts and fibrosis induces immunosuppression and accelerates pancreas cancer with reduced survival［J］. Cancer Cell, 2014, 25(6): 719734. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.04.005. ［29］ Kalluri R, Zeisberg M. Fibroblasts in cancer［J］. Nat Rev Cancer, 2006, 6(5): 392401. ［30］ Gillies RJ, Gatenby RA. Metabolism and its sequelae in cancer evolution and therapy［J］. Cancer J, 2015, 21(2): 8896. DOI: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000102.

[1]	Liu Na, Kou Jieli, Yang Feng, Liu Taotao, Li Danping, Han Junrui, Yang Lizhou. Clinical value of serum miR-106b-5p and miR-760 combined with low-dose spiral CT in the diagnosis of early lung cancer [J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2024, 51(6): 321-325.
[2]	Yang Mi, Bie Jun, Zhang Jiayong, Deng Jiaxiu, Tang Zuge, Lu Jun. Analysis of the efficacy and prognosis of neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer [J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2024, 51(6): 332-337.
[3]	Yuan Jian, Huang Yanhua. Diagnostic value of Hp-IgG antibody combined with serum DKK1 and sB7-H3 in early gastric cancer [J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2024, 51(6): 338-343.
[4]	Chen Hongjian, Zhang Suqing. Study on the relationship between serum miR-24-3p， H2AFX and clinical pathological features and postoperative recurrence in liver cancer patients [J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2024, 51(6): 344-349.
[5]	Guo Zehao, Zhang Junwang. Role of PFDN and its subunits in tumorigenesis and tumor development [J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2024, 51(6): 350-353.
[6]	Zhang Baihong, Yue Hongyun. Advances in anti-tumor drugs with new mechanisms of action [J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2024, 51(6): 354-358.
[7]	Xu Fenglin, Wu Gang. Research progress of EBV in tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma [J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2024, 51(6): 359-363.
[8]	Wang Ying, Liu Nan, Guo Bing. Advances of antibody-drug conjugate in the therapy of metastatic breast cancer [J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2024, 51(6): 364-369.
[9]	Zhang Rui, Chu Yanliu. Research progress of colorectal cancer risk assessment models based on FIT and gut microbiota [J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2024, 51(6): 370-375.
[10]	Gao Fan, Wang Ping, Du Chao, Chu Yanliu. Research progress on intestinal flora and non-surgical treatment of the colorectal cancer [J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2024, 51(6): 376-381.
[11]	Liu Jing, Liu Qin, Huang Mei. Prognostic model construction of lung infection in patients with chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer based on SMOTE algorithm [J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2024, 51(5): 267-273.
[12]	Yang Lin, Lu Ning, Wen Hua, Zhang Mingxin, Zhu Lin. Study on the clinical relationship between inflammatory burden index and gastric cancer [J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2024, 51(5): 274-279.
[13]	Wang Junyi, Hong Kaibin, Ji Rongjia, Chen Dachao. Effect of cancer nodules on liver metastases after radical resection of colorectal cancer [J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2024, 51(5): 280-285.
[14]	Zhang Ningning, Yang Zhe, Tan Limei, Li Zhenning, Wang Di, Wei Yongzhi. Diagnostic value of cervical cell DNA ploidy analysis combined with B7-H4 and PKCδ for cervical cancer [J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2024, 51(5): 286-291.
[15]	Fu Yi, Ma Chenying, Zhang Lu, Zhou Juying. Research progress of habitat analysis in radiomics of malignant tumors [J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2024, 51(5): 292-297.