Abstract: MicroRNA is a type of singlestranded noncoding RNA，directly bonding to the complementary target gene mRNA. That leads to the inhibition of mRNA translation of the target molecule in order to reduce expression of the target gene. MicroRNAs are not only involved in the regulation of inflammatory reaction, but also play important roles in the formation of neoplasm. The researches showing that the inflammatory reaction interacting with miRNAs results in the differential expressions of microRNAs in lung cancer have been widespreadly concerned. Along with the deepening of the research on the mechanisms of inflammatory reaction and differential expression of microRNAs， it will provide new strategies for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.

Key words: Lung neoplasms, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, MicroRNAs, STAT3 transcription factor, NFκB