国际肿瘤学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (11): 671-680.doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20260120-00105

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

CDX2与CD133、CD44的相关性及其在结直肠癌中的作用

王云帅, 王皇建, 武会斌, 张恒阳, 夏添明()   

  1. 洛阳市中心医院(郑州大学附属洛阳中心医院)普外科, 洛阳 471000
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-20 出版日期:2026-11-08 发布日期:2026-11-05
  • 通讯作者: 夏添明,Email: xia_1258@163.com
  • 作者简介:

    王云帅:研究指导、论文撰写;王皇建、武会斌、张恒阳:实验操作、数据收集、论文修改;夏添明:数据整理、统计学分析、论文撰写及修改

  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技攻关计划(232102310131);洛阳市医疗卫生一般项目(2401157B)

Correlation of CDX2 with CD133, CD44 and its role in colorectal cancer

Wang Yunshuai, Wang Huangjian, Wu Huibin, Zhang Hengyang, Xia Tianming()   

  1. Department of General Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital (Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University), Luoyang 471000, China
  • Received:2026-01-20 Online:2026-11-08 Published:2026-11-05
  • Supported by:
    Henan Province Science and Technology Key Research and Development Program(232102310131);General Medical and Health Project in Luoyang(2401157B)

摘要:

目的 探讨尾型同源盒转录因子2(CDX2)与肿瘤干细胞(CSC)标志物CD133、CD44在结直肠癌(CRC)中表达的相关性、临床意义及作用机制。 方法 选取2016年1月至2018年1月在洛阳市中心医院行手术治疗的72例CRC患者作为研究对象。比较癌组织与正常组织中CDX2、CD133、CD44的表达情况;分析CDX2、CD133、CD44不同表达患者临床病理特征及预后情况;采用单因素和多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析预后影响因素;通过Pearson卡方检验及Phi相关性分析,探讨CDX2与CD133、CD44表达之间的相关性。通过慢病毒转染沉默、过表达CRC SW480细胞株中的CDX2;细胞克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖能力;细胞划痕迁移实验检测细胞迁移能力;Transwell侵袭实验检测细胞侵袭能力;蛋白质印迹法分析CDX2表达对CD133、CD44表达的影响。 结果 CDX2高表达占48.61%(35/72),低表达占51.39%(37/72);CD133、CD44均高表达占31.94%(23/72)。CDX2高表达与低表达患者的T分期(χ2=6.18,P=0.013)、N分期(χ2=6.95,P=0.008)、TNM分期(χ2=4.81,P=0.028)差异均有统计学意义;CD133、CD44双高表达与非CD133、CD44双高表达患者的T分期(χ2=4.25,P=0.039)、N分期(χ2=5.91,P=0.015)和TNM分期(χ2=5.13,P=0.024)差异均有统计学意义。多因素分析显示,CDX2低表达为影响CRC患者无复发生存期(RFS)和总生存期(OS)的独立危险因素(RFS:HR=2.61,95%CI为1.18~5.77,P=0.018;OS:HR=2.69,95%CI为1.23~5.89,P=0.014)。生存分析显示,CDX2低表达、高表达CRC患者的4年RFS率分别为32.07%、85.53%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=49.63,P<0.001);CDX2低表达、高表达CRC患者的4年OS率分别为21.62%、82.86%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=51.38,P<0.001)。Pearson卡方检验及Phi相关性分析结果显示,CDX2的表达与CD133(φ=-0.33,χ2=8.05,P=0.005)、CD44(φ=-0.31,χ2=6.71,P=0.010)、CD133联合CD44表达(φ=-0.49,χ2=17.12,P<0.001)呈显著负相关。空载对照组、CDX2沉默组、CDX2过表达组CRC SW480细胞中CD133相对表达量分别为0.60±0.05、0.93±0.05、0.42±0.06,CD44相对表达量分别为0.50±0.03、0.77±0.08、0.35±0.03,差异均有统计学意义(F=63.88,P<0.001;F=52.90,P<0.001),与空载对照组相比,CDX2沉默组细胞中CD133、CD44的表达明显升高,而CDX2过表达组细胞中CD133、CD44的表达明显下降(均P<0.05),CDX2沉默组细胞中CD133、CD44的表达明显高于CDX2过表达组(均P<0.05)。空载对照组、CDX2沉默组、CDX2过表达组细胞克隆形成个数分别为86.67±10.69、206.00±17.52、44.33±6.51,细胞迁移率分别为0.30±0.02、0.51±0.03、0.22±0.03,侵袭细胞个数分别为150.33±16.65、312.67±28.29、65.67±12.22,差异均有统计学意义(F=136.42,P<0.001;F=82.21,P<0.001;F=115.56,P<0.001),与空载对照组相比,CDX2沉默组细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭能力明显增强(均P<0.05),而CDX2过表达组细胞的能力明显减弱(均P<0.05),CDX2沉默组细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭能力明显强于CDX2过表达组(均P<0.05)。 结论 CDX2低表达是CRC预后不良的独立危险因素,CDX2可作为CRC的预后标志物。CDX2与CSC标志物CD133、CD44表达呈负相关。沉默CDX2可通过上调CD133、CD44表达,明显提高SW480细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭能力。

关键词: 结直肠肿瘤, 肿瘤干细胞, CDX2转录因子

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the correlation, clinical relevance, and underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the expression of caudal type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) and the cancer stem cell (CSC) markers CD133 and CD44 in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods A total of 72 CRC patients who underwent surgical treatment at Luoyang Central Hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected as the study subjects. The expression levels of CDX2, CD133, and CD44 in cancer tissues and normal tissues were compared; the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with different CDX2, CD133, and CD44 expression were analyzed; univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze prognostic factors; Pearson's chi-square test and Phi correlation analysis was used to test the correlation of expression between CDX2 and CD133, CD44. CDX2 in SW480 cells was silenced or overexpressed by lentivirus transfection; cell proliferation ability was detected by colony formation assay; migration ability was detected by scratch assay; invasion ability was detected by Transwell invasion assay; and the effect of CDX2 expression on CD133 and CD44 expression was analyzed by Western blotting. Results High expression of CDX2 accounted for 48.61% (35/72), while low expression accounted for 51.39% (37/72); both CD133 and CD44 showed high expression in 31.94% (23/72) of cases. There were statistically significant differences in T stage (χ2=6.18, P=0.013), N stage (χ2=6.95, P=0.008), and TNM stage (χ2=4.81, P=0.028) between patients with high and low CDX2 expression. In patients with high expression of both CD133 and CD44 compared to those with other expression patterns, there were also statistically significant differences in T stage (χ2=4.25, P=0.039), N stage (χ2=5.91, P=0.015), and TNM stage (χ2=5.13, P=0.024). Multivariate analysis showed that low CDX2 expression was an independent risk factor simultaneously affecting recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in CRC patients (RFS: HR=2.61, 95%CI: 1.18-5.77, P=0.018; OS: HR=2.69, 95%CI: 1.23-5.89, P=0.014). Survival analysis showed that the 4-year RFS rates for CRC patients with low and high CDX2 expression were 32.07% and 85.53%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=49.63, P<0.001); the 4-year OS rates for CRC patients with low and high CDX2 expression were 21.62% and 82.86%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=51.38, P<0.001). The results of Pearson's chi-square test and Phi correlation analysis showed that the expression of CDX2 was significantly negatively correlated with CD133 (φ=-0.33, χ2=8.05, P=0.005), CD44 (φ=-0.31, χ2=6.71, P=0.010) and CD133 combined with CD44 (φ=-0.49, χ2=17.12, P<0.001). In CRC SW480 cells, the relative expression levels of CD133 in the blank control group, CDX2-silenced group, and CDX2-overexpressing group were 0.60±0.05, 0.93±0.05, and 0.42±0.06, respectively, and the relative expression levels of CD44 were 0.50±0.03, 0.77±0.08, and 0.35±0.03, respectively, with statistically significant differences (F=63.88, P<0.001; F=52.90, P<0.001). Compared with the blank control group, the expression of CD133 and CD44 was significantly increased in the CDX2-silenced cells, while it was significantly decreased in the CDX2-overexpressing cells (all P<0.05). Additionally, the expression levels of CD133 and CD44 in the CDX2-silenced cells were significantly higher than those in the CDX2-overexpressing cells (both P<0.05). The numbers of cell clones in the blank control group, CDX2-silenced group, and CDX2-overexpressing group were 86.67±10.69, 206.00±17.52, and 44.33±6.51, respectively; the cell migration rates were 0.30±0.02, 0.51±0.03, and 0.22±0.03, respectively; and the numbers of invasive cells were 150.33±16.65, 312.67±28.29, and 65.67±12.22, respectively, with statistically significant differences (F=136.42, P<0.001; F=82.21, P<0.001; F=115.56, P<0.001). Compared with the blank control group, the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of cells in the CDX2-silenced group were significantly enhanced (all P<0.05), while those in the CDX2-overexpressing group were significantly reduced (all P<0.05). The proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of cells in the CDX2-silenced group were significantly stronger than those in the CDX2-overexpressing group (all P<0.05). Conclusions Low CDX2 expression is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in CRC, and CDX2 can serve as a prognostic marker for CRC. CDX2 expression is negatively correlated with the CSC markers CD133 and CD44. Silencing CDX2 significantly enhances the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities of SW480 cells, concomitant with upregulated expression of CD133 and CD44.

Key words: Colorectal neoplasms, Neoplastic stem cells, CDX2 transcription factor