国际肿瘤学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (11): 661-667.doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20230730-00125

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

重组人血小板生成素治疗肿瘤放疗所致血小板减少症的疗效及安全性

王冰, 王爱馥, 刘雯舒, 范娇娇, 田伟成, 王玮莉, 刘博宇()   

  1. 吉林省肿瘤医院放疗科,长春 130012
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-30 修回日期:2023-10-12 出版日期:2023-11-08 发布日期:2024-01-11
  • 通讯作者: 刘博宇 E-mail:568777728@qq.com

The efficacy and safety of recombinant human thrombopoietin in the treatment of thrombocytopenia caused by tumor radiotherapy

Wang Bing, Wang Aifu, Liu Wenshu, Fan Jiaojiao, Tian Weicheng, Wang Weili, Liu Boyu()   

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology,Jilin Cancer Hospital,Changchun 130012,China
  • Received:2023-07-30 Revised:2023-10-12 Online:2023-11-08 Published:2024-01-11
  • Contact: Liu Boyu E-mail:568777728@qq.com

摘要:

目的 观察重组人血小板生成素(rhTPO)治疗肿瘤放疗所致血小板减少症(RIT)的有效性和安全性。方法 选取2019年1月—2021年3月在吉林省肿瘤医院接受放疗后血小板减少且<75×109/L的204例(单纯放疗101例,同步放化疗103例)患者为研究对象,接受rhTPO 15 000 U,皮下注射,每日1次,至少连用4 d,或者符合血小板计数≥100×109/L,或血小板升高绝对值≥50×109/L的停药标准。对患者血小板下降特点、治疗疗效及安全性进行分析。结果 单纯放疗组和同步放化疗组患者血小板<75×109/L的放疗次数分别为19(13,22)次、13(10,17)次,说明同步放化疗组患者发生血小板下降的时间更早(Z= -5.27,P<0.001),两组血小板下降的最低值分别为68(45,74)×109/L、62(44,74)×109/L,差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.15,P=0.252)。接受rhTPO治疗后两组患者血小板<50×109/L持续天数分别为7(3,13)d、7(5,11)d,差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.13,P=0.281)。患者接受放疗后血小板下降至<75×109/L时开始给予rhTPO,患者血小板恢复至75×109/L需要的天数,单纯放疗组为4(2,10)d,同步放化疗组为4(2,8)d,差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.07,P=0.285);血小板恢复至100×109/L或绝对值升高50×109/L需要的天数,单纯放疗组为8(6,14)d,同步放化疗组为11(8,16)d,同步放化疗组较单纯放疗组恢复时间更长(Z=-3.64,P<0.001)。无论基线水平如何,单纯放疗组与同步放化疗组患者给予rhTPO治疗后血小板恢复至75×109/L的天数差异均无统计学意义(Z=-1.42,P=0.155;Z=-0.97,P=0.332)。两组患者血小板恢复至100×109/L或绝对值升高50×109/L所需天数分别为8(6,14)d、11(8,16)d,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.64,P<0.001),基线血小板≥50×109/L的两组患者恢复至100×109/L或绝对值升高50×109/L所需天数分别为8(4,12)d、10(8,16)d,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.12,P=0.002),然而基线血小板<50×109/L的两组患者恢复至100×109/L或绝对值升高50×109/L所需天数差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.88,P=0.061)。两组患者放疗疗程20 d内的rhTPO总的升血小板率为93.63%(191/204),其中单纯放疗组为95.05%(96/101),同步放化疗组为92.23%(95/103),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.68,P=0.410)。此外,两组患者在性别(χ2=3.47,P=0.063)、年龄(χ2=2.79,P=0.095)、TNM分期(χ2=5.07,P=0.167)及基线血小板计数(χ2=0.62,P=0.822)方面的差异均无统计学意义。在放疗周期中,27例(13.23%)患者接受了血小板输注,158例(77.45%)患者无中断完成放疗计划。未发现rhTPO相关不良反应的记录。结论 rhTPO治疗RIT能有效促进血小板恢复,未发现相关不良反应,安全性较好。

关键词: 血小板生成素, 血小板减少, 放射疗法, 治疗结果

Abstract:

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) in the treatment of radiation induced thrombocytopenia (RIT). Methods From January 2019 to March 2021,204 cases (including 101 cases of radiotherapy alone and 103 cases of concurrent chemoradiotherapy) were collected retrospectively after radiotherapy and with decreased in blood platelet count <75×109/L in Jilin Cancer Hospital. These patients received rhTPO 15 000 U,once a day,subcutaneous,for at least 4 consecutive days,or met the withdrawal criteria blood platelet count ≥100×109/L,or the absolute value of blood platelet increase ≥50×109/L. The characteristics of blood platelet decline,treatment efficacy,and safety were analyzed. Results The numbers of radiotherapy treatments with platelets lower than 75×109/L in the radiotherapy alone group and the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group were 19 (13,22) and 13 (10,17) times,respectively,indicating that patients in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group experienced platelet decline earlier (Z=-5.27,P<0.001),the lowest values of platelet decline in the two groups were 68 (45,74)×109/L and 62 (44,74)×109/L,respectively,with no statistically significant difference (Z=-1.15,P=0.252). After received rhTPO treatment,the numbers of days that the two groups of patients had platelets <50×109/L were 7 (3,13)d and 7 (5,11)d,respectively,with no statistically significant difference (Z=-1.13,P=0.281). After the patients received radiotherapy,rhTPO was started when the platelet count dropped to <75×109/L. The number of days required to recover to 75×109/L was 4 (2,10)d in the radiotherapy alone group and 4 (2,8)d in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group,with no statistically significant difference (Z=-1.07,P=0.285); the number of days required for platelets to recover to 100×109/L or for the absolute value to increase by 50×109/L was 8 (6,14)d in the radiotherapy alone group and 11 (8,16)d in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group. The recovery time of the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group was longer than that of the radiotherapy alone group (Z=-3.64,P<0.001). Regardless of the baseline level,there was no statistically significant difference in the number of days for platelets to recover to 75×109/L after rhTPO treatment between the radiotherapy alone group and the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (Z=-1.42,P=0.155; Z=-0.97,P=0.332). The number of days required for the two groups of patients to recover to 100×109/L or for the absolute value to increase by 50×109/L were 8 (6,14)d and 11 (8,16)d,respectively,with a statistically significant difference (Z=-3.64,P<0.001). The numbers of days required for the two groups of patients with baseline platelets ≥50×109/L to recover to 100×109/L or for the absolute value to increase by 50×109/L were 8 (4,12)d and 10 (8,16)d,respectively,with a statistically significant difference (Z=-3.12,P=0.002). However,there was no statistically significant difference in the number of days required for the two groups of patients with baseline platelets <50×109/L to recover to 100×109/L or for the absolute value to increase by 50×109/L (Z=-1.88,P=0.061). The total platelet elevation rate of rhTPO within 20 days of radiotherapy treatment for both groups of patients was 93.63% (191/204),of which 95.05% (96/101) was for radiotherapy alone and 92.23% (95/103) for concurrent chemoradiotherapy,with no statistically significant difference (χ2=0.68,P=0.410). In addition,there was no statistically significant difference in gender(χ2=3.47,P=0.063),age(χ2=2.79,P=0.095),TNM staging(χ2=5.07,P=0.167),and baseline platelet count(χ2=0.62,P=0.822) between the two groups.During the radiotherapy cycle,27 patients (13.23%) received blood platelet infusion,and 158 patients (77.45%) completed the radiotherapy plan without interruption. No rhTPO-related adverse reactions were found. Conclusion rhTPO in the treatment for RIT can effectively promote the recovery of blood platelet without any adverse reactions,and has good safety.

Key words: Thrombopoietin, Thrombocytopenia, Radiotherapy, Treatment outcome