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08 April 2015, Volume 42 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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LY294002 decreases the proliferation of cancer stem cell-enriched spheroid cells from human hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibiting of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway LENG ZhengWei；Yang Gang；Li Yong；Shi-Gang 2015, 42 (4):  241-244.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.001 Abstract ( 388 )   PDF (1099KB) ( 1504 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of LY294002 on the proliferation of cancer stem cellenriched spheroid cells from human hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating phosphatidylinositol3kinaseprotein kinase B (PI3KAkt) signaling pathway.MethodsThe cancer stem cellenriched spheroid cells were generated by culturing HepG2 cells in serumfree medium. LY294002 (10, 20, 30 μmol/L), an inhibitor of PI3KAkt signaling pathway, was used in the experimental groups, without used in the control group. The impact of LY294002 on the spheroid cells proliferation was confirmed by cell counting kit (CCK8 kit). The expression of Akt was tested by Western blotting. The expression of PI3KAkt signaling pathway downstream genes such as decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Bcell lymphoma (Bcl)2 and Cyclin D1 were tested by realtime PCR.Results30 μmol/L LY294002 could inhibit the proliferation of spheroid cells, and significant difference in the absorbance (A value) was observed between the experimental group and control group［(0.14±0.03) vs (0.56±0.01), t=-8.915, P=0.000］. The expression level of phosphorylated Akt protein increased［(0.57±0.08) vs (0.16±0.42), t=6.027, P=0.026］. The mRNA of DcR3［(0.38±0.08) vs 1, t=13.060, P=0.006］, mTOR［(0.37±0.04) vs 1, t=30.363, P=0.001］, Bcl2［(0.26±0.04) vs 1, t=33.554, P=0.001］ and Cyclin D1［(0.10±0.02) vs 1, t=63.528, P=0.000］ decreased.ConclusionLY294002 could inhibit the proliferation of cancer stem cellenriched spheroid cells from human hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibiting PI3KAkt signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of thoracic close drainage assisted by thin chest tube after video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy FAN Kai-Jie-；Liu-Yang-；Yang-Bo-；Dai-Wei-Min-；Lin-Ji-Xing-；Chu-Xiang-Yang 2015, 42 (4):  245-248.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.002 Abstract ( 411 )   PDF (794KB) ( 1339 )   Save ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effects of thoracic close drainage with thin drainage tube assisted to thick drainage tube after videoassisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 89 patients received VATS lobectomy in Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2014 to September 2014. The patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer were divided into two groups: treatment group (50 patients) and control group (39 patients). Treatment group took thin tube assisted to thick tube of thoracic close drainage and control group took general thoracic closed drainage tube. We studied the operation time, the bleeding of operation, the number of lymph node dissection, time of first activity out of bed，the hospitalization time of postoperation, postoperative complications, the days of postoperative drainage, drainage volume, the effect of drainage, the VAS evaluation score of postoperative pain in the two groups. ResultsCompared with control group, there was no statistical significance in the differences of the time of operation ［(2.58±0.57) h vs (2.57±0.50) h; t=0.127, P=0.681］, bleeding of operation ［(108.00±52.84) ml vs (114.10±107.18) ml; t=0.352, P=0.334］, the number of lymph node dissection ［(14.20±5.95) vs (11.21±4.71); t=2.576, P=0.068)］, the staying time of drainage ［(5.66±2.53) d vs (5.82±2.02) d; t=0.324, P=0.219］, the postoperative drainage volume ［(1 141.76±819.26) ml vs (1 022.95±464.84) ml; t=0.889, P=0.367］ and the occurrences of the postoperative complications (8.00% vs 10.25%; χ2=1.750, P=0.726). There was statistical significance in the differences of the postoperative time of offbed ［(11.28±8.78) h vs (13.97±7.83) h; t=4.027, P=0.045］, the time from surgery to discharge ［(8.36±2.63) d vs (9.56±2.89) d; t=2.952, P=0.043］ and the drainage effect（costophrenic angle sharp: 72.0% vs 46.2%; χ2=5.329, P=0.017). In the two groups, there were statistical significance differences in scores of VAS for the 24 to 72 hours resting and coughing of postoperation: 24 h ［(2.78±1.13) vs (3.74±1.68); t=3.226, P＜0.001)］, 48 h ［(1.98±0.59) vs (3.33±1.72); t=5.189, P＜0.001)］, 72 h ［(1.94±0.55) vs (3.15±1.60); t=5.010, P＜0.001)］, coughing ［(3.64±1.23) vs (5.33±1.95); t=5.005, P＜0.001)］. ConclusionThe thin drainage tube assisted to thick drainage tube for thoracic close drainage make the drainage more effective, release the pain, shorten the hopital stay; moreover, it is simple and safe for operation and easy to popularize with high modified value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced esophageal carcinoma YANG Sheng-Si-；Cheng-Yu-Feng 2015, 42 (4):  249-251.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.003 Abstract ( 401 )   PDF (710KB) ( 1485 )   Save ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicities of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced esophageal carcinoma. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 127 patients with advanced esophageal squamous carcinoma in our department from January 2008 to January 2011, who were divided into two groups: conformal radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy (RCT) group, 69 patients and radiotherapy(RT) group, 58 patients. The side effects, quality of life and effective rates of them were compared. ResultsThe severe rate of the marrow toxic effect and the incidences of radiationinduced esophagitis were higher in the RCT group (29.0%vs 12.1%，χ2=5.387, P=0.020; 24.6%vs10.3%，χ2=4.341, P=0.037)．Patients in the RT group had better quality of life than those in the RCT group in gastrointestinal side effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and food intake (73.9%vs 12.1%，χ2=48.574, P=0.000; 43.5%vs 25.9%， χ2=4.274, P=0.039). In the RCT group, the effective rate was 91.30% (63/69) and 72.41 % (42/58) in the RT group, with a statistical significance (χ2=7.852, P=0.005).  ConclusionThree dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced esophageal carcinoma can improve the shortterm curative effects, but it also increase the acute toxic effect. Further followup studies are needed for its longterm effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Curative effect observation of capecitabine combined with intensity modulated radiotherapy for posto-perative mediastinum lymphonode metastasis in esophageal carcinoma Li-Ming-Jun, LI Xue-Zhang, LIU Gui-Ping, SHENG Yan-Xing 2015, 42 (4):  252-254.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.004 Abstract ( 471 )   PDF (709KB) ( 1396 )   Save ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of capecitabine combined with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for postoperative mediastinal lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer. MethodsA total of 62 esophageal cancer patients with postoperative mediastinal lymph node metastases were randomly divided into the irradiation group (A group, 31 cases) and the capecitabine combined with IMRT group ( B group, 31 cases). Both of two groups received IMRT radiotherapy with a total dose of 6066 Gy, 3033 times in 66.5 weeks. The patients in B group were treated with capecitabine (1 250mg/m2, 2 f/d, d1d14, 21 d×2 cycle). ResultsGroup A: there were 7 cases of complete response (CR), 12 of  partial response (PR), 10 of stable disease (SD), and 2 of progressive disease(PD); the effective rate was 61.3%(19/31). Group B: there were 10 cases of CR, 16 of PR, 4 of SD, and 1of PD; the effective rate was 83.9%(26/31). There was a statistical significance between the effective rates of A group and B group(χ2=3.971, P＜0.05). Our experiment showed that the rates of grade Ⅱand Ⅲ myelosuppression in group A and group B were 29.0% and 38.7%(χ2=0.648, P=0.421). The rates of Ⅰ and Ⅱ level radioactive pneumonia in group A and were 19.4% and 25.8%(χ2=0.369, P=0.544). The different incidence of the two adverse reactions between group A and B had no statistical significance. ConclusionCompared with IMRT alone, IMRT combined with capecitabine may have better curative efficacy without increasing toxicity to esophageal cancer patients with postoperative mediastinum lymphonode metastasis References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and significance of c-myc and CD24 in colorectal cancer CHEN Wen-Jun, DONG Chong-Hai, TIAN Zi-Bin 2015, 42 (4):  255-258.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.005 Abstract ( 539 )   PDF (717KB) ( 1342 )   Save 【Abstract】ObjectiveTo determine the expression of cmyc and CD24 in colorectal carcinoma, colorectal polyp and normal mucosa, and to explore the role and correlation of them  in the carcinogenesis of colorectal carcinoma. MethodsThe expression of cmyc and CD24 in colorectal carcinoma (n=60), colorectal adenomatous polyp (n=45), colorectal hyperplastic polyp (n=15) and the adjacent noncancerous tissue (n=30) was observed by immunohistochemical assay. ResultsThe positive rate of cmyc in colorectal carcinoma were 73.3%, significantly higher than that in colorectal adenomatous polyp 44.4% (χ2=9.016 8, P＜0.01), colorectal hyperplastic polyp 13.3% (χ2=18.215 9, P＜0.01) and adjacent noncancerous tissue 6.7% (χ2=25.133 0, P＜0.01); the positive rate of CD24 in colorectal carcinoma was 76.7%, significantly higher than that in colorectal hyperplastic polyp 6.7% (χ2=25.133 0, P＜0.01) and adjacent noncancerous tissue 3.3% (χ2=43.107 4, P＜0.01). cmyc expression in colon cancer was significantly correlated with cancer site (χ2=8.352 3, P＜0.01), lymph node metastasis (χ2=4.275 1, P＜0.05), differentiation (χ2=4.115 3, P＜0.05) and TNM stage (χ2=5.739 9, P＜0.05). CD24 expression in colon cancer was significantly correlated with cancer size (χ2=9.333 6, P＜0.01), lymph node metastasis (χ2=7.693 0, P＜0.01), differentiation (χ2=5.870 0, P＜0.05) and TNM stage (χ2=4.498 7, P＜0.05). There was a positive correlation relationship between CD24 and cmyc in colorectal carcinoma tissue (χ2=10.824 9, r=0.39, P＜0.05).ConclusionThe expression of cmyc and CD24 are high in colorectal cancer, having a significant correlation with some of the clinicaopathological features. cmyc is likely to act as a downstream target gene of CD24 signaling pathway, whose expression is probably regulated by CD24 in colorectal carcinoma tissue. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression of Ezrin and its significance in giantcell tumor of bone GONG Jun, LI Ping-Sheng, HU Hai-Bo, LIN Wei-Long 2015, 42 (4):  259-263.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.006 Abstract ( 389 )   PDF (992KB) ( 1065 )   Save 目的检测埃兹蛋白（Ezrin）在骨巨细胞瘤组织中的表达，探讨其临床意义。方法将本院2008年1月至2013年12月穿刺活检确诊的60例骨巨细胞瘤设为观察组，同期8例良性病变中的反应性新生骨、12例骨样骨瘤及11例骨母细胞瘤的瘤组织作为对照组，用Western blotting及实时PCR方法检测Ezrin蛋白及基因水平。60例骨巨细胞瘤患者接受瘤段切除加假体置换术，术前均接受2个疗程的化疗，观察化疗前后瘤组织线粒体形态的变化以及Ezrin蛋白和基因的变化。 结果骨巨细胞瘤中Ezrin蛋白阳性表达主要位于细胞质中，表达阳性率为76.7%，远高于良性病变中反应性新生骨的19.7%、骨样骨瘤的21.2%以及骨母细胞瘤的20.7%，差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.18，P=0.024)，良性病变中的反应性新生骨组、骨样骨瘤及骨母细胞瘤之间的Ezrin表达差异并无统计学意义（χ2=6.18，P=0.087）。化疗后骨巨细胞瘤组织中线粒体固缩及液态空泡现象较治疗前减少，Ezrin蛋白表达减少，基因水平降低［(23.99±1.49）∶（20.11±1.11）， t=5.03， P=0.018)］。结论Ezrin在骨巨细胞瘤的表达较其他良性骨肿瘤高，可能成为鉴别良恶性骨肿瘤的辅助生物学指标；对Ezrin的早期干预可能有助于骨巨细胞瘤的治疗。 References | Related Articles | Metrics

Efficacy of cryoablation combined with zoledronic acid sequential therapy for bone metastases pain HOU Su-Juan, LIU Yuan-Shui, ZHAO Wen-Hua 2015, 42 (4):  264-268.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.007 Abstract ( 460 )   PDF (724KB) ( 1299 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of cryoablation combined with zoledronic acid sequential therapy for bone metastases pain.MethodsTwentyfour patients from our department suffering from malignant tumors with moderate to severe pain due to bone metastases were enrolled in this study. Those patients with 28 metastatic bone tumors were successfully treated with cryoablation operations under CTguided. Three days after cryoablation they were offered zoledronic acid (4 mg added in 100 ml normal saline, dripping for more than 15 min), once 4 weeks. Pain level and life quality were respectively evaluated by NRS (Numerical rating scale) and KPS (Karnofsky performance status), before cryoablation, 3 days after cryoablation, 2 weeks and 12 weeks after zoledronic acid sequential therapy.ResultsWithout serious complications, all of 24 patients were successfully punctured to tumor lesions. Patients’ pain scores were 7.70±0.86 (before cryoablation), 3.29±0.95 (3 d after cryoablation), 2.54±0.83 (2 weeks after zoledronic acid sequential therapy) and 2.17±0.76 (12 weeks after zoledronic acid sequential therapy)，with a significant statistical difference between pretherapy and posttreatment (F=530.64, P<0.001); during observation period after treatment, the effective rate in pain was 91.67%. KPS scores were 45.83±6.54 (before cryoablation), 49.58±6.24 (3 d after cryoablation), 61.67±7.01 (2 weeks after zoledronic acid sequential therapy) and 78.33±8.68 (12 weeks after zoledronic acid sequential therapy), with a significant statistical difference between pretherapy and posttreatment (F=418.99, P<0.001); during observation period after treatment, the effective rate in KPS was 75.00%. Six months after the treatment, there were 10 cases of CR, 11 cases of PR, and the effective rate was 87.50%.ConclusionCryoablation combined with zoledronic acid may be an effective therapeutic method with good safety in the treatment of patients with bone metastases pain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Angiotensin-(1-7) and tumors ZHAO Le-Kang, YU Jin-Ming- 2015, 42 (4):  274-276.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.009 Abstract ( 741 )   PDF (710KB) ( 1436 )   Save Angiotensin-(1-7) ［Ang-(1-7)］ is an endogenous peptidehormone of the reninangiotensin system. Ang-(1-7), angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and MAS receptor constitute ACE2Ang-(1-7)Mas axis, which antagonizes the ACEAngⅡAngⅡ  type 1 receptor axis. Recent studies indicate that Ang-(1-7) has certain effects on treating tumors, including inhibition of angiogenesis, anticell proliferation and inhibition of tumor fibrosis. Researches on the roles and mechanisms of Ang-(1-7) can provide new target for treatment and prevention of cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of cancer metabolism GUO Wen-Zheng-；Deng-Jiong 2015, 42 (4):  277-280.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.010 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (714KB) ( 1980 )   Save Compared to normal counterparts, cancer cells exhibit metabolic changes owing to both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Some abnormal alterations happen in tumor cells including glycolysis, mitochondrial biogenesis, glutaminolysis and lipid synthesis. These metabolic changes have great significance to development of tumor and clinical targeted therapies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Antitumor effects of metformin GUO Yan-Xun-；Ma-Shi-Yin 2015, 42 (4):  281-283.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.011 Abstract ( 488 )   PDF (708KB) ( 1323 )   Save Metformin as a cheap, safe and effective diabetes drug， has been used for many years. Recently, many studies have shown its variety inhibition of tumor cells. Its antitumor mechanism is not entirely clear; may be related to glucose metabolism and protein kinase or inflammatory cytokines mediating tumor killing. Metformin has different cytotoxic effects to various tumor cell, as well as playing some auxiliary roles on other antitumor methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of tumor-stroma ratio in prognosis evaluation of tumor CAI Xian-Lei-；Wu-Jian-；Zheng-Shu-Sen 2015, 42 (4):  284-287.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.012 Abstract ( 738 )   PDF (713KB) ( 1284 )   Save Tumorstroma ratio is the ratio of tumor cells and stromal tissue. It can be evaluated through HEstained sections. Usually a 50% cutoff value is taken. TSR is stratified as stroma rich (TSR<50%) and stroma poor (TSR≥50%). The different prognosis between the two groups can be assessed. Several previous studies show that TSR is an independent prognostic factor for colon carcinoma, breast cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, cervical carcinoma and nonsmall cell lung cancer; patients with stromarich tumor suffer worse prognosis. The cause might be that tumor cells could activate stroma cells while activated stroma cells could promote the growth, infiltration and metastasis of tumors. And tumor stroma should be recognized as an indispensible participant in progression and invasion of carcinoma. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research advances of human papillomavirus-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Zeng-Wen-Fei-；Fei-Ji-Min 2015, 42 (4):  288-291.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.013 Abstract ( 431 )   PDF (718KB) ( 1445 )   Save 【Abstract】Recently, the prevalence of human papillomavirus(HPV) infection in head and neck squamous cancers has shown an upward trend, especially in the oropharynx squamous carcinoma. This subset of head and neck cancers possesses distinct clinical and laboratory features and outcome, and is particulary common in individuals who lack the traditional risk factors of tobacco and alcohol abuse. The biological markers and treatment of HPV associated head neck cancers are hot topic in current international research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The change of target area and the surrounding structure during the intensity modulated radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma FAN Ting-Yong-；Li-Jian-Bin-；Yu-Jin-Ming 2015, 42 (4):  292-294.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.014 Abstract ( 477 )   PDF (707KB) ( 1319 )   Save 【Abstract】Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has become the mainstay of treatment modality for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The whole treatment course generally continues 7 to 8 weeks. With the radiotherapy proceeding, the patients exhibit oropharyngeal reaction aggravating, weight losing and tumor shrinking, resulting in the changes of tumor target and surrounding tissue. Those changes may influence the dose distribution of tumor and organ at risk. It is necessary to modulate target volume during radiotherapy of NPC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Proto-oncogene Bmi-1 and non-small cell lung cancer LAI Xiang-Li-；Feng-Guo-Sheng 2015, 42 (4):  295-297.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.015 Abstract ( 407 )   PDF (709KB) ( 1171 )   Save B-cell specific moloney leukemia virus insertion site 1 (Bmi-1)gene is a core member of the polycomb group genes,  considered to be a proto-oncogene; Bmi-1 plays an important role in cell selfrenewal, proliferation and apoptosis. Several studies have shown that Bmi-1 is highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer; furthermore, the expression level of Bmi-1 is closely related to the occurrence, development, incursion and prognosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer. Bmi-1 is expected to become a novel tumor molecular marker, and provides a new direction for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The combination of trastuzumab and lapatinib added to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized evidence CAO Min, WU Yun-Qiang, LU Ning, HUANG Jian-Guo 2015, 42 (4):  296-273.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.008 Abstract ( 583 )   PDF (1201KB) ( 1493 )   Save ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab versus the combination of trastuzumab and lapatinib added to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HER2positive breast cancer.  MethodsWe searched PubMed, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang datebase and the abstracts of major international conferences in recent 5 years to identify randomized controlled trials which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study selection and analyses were undertaken according to the Cochrane Handbook. Metaanalysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software.  ResultsFour trials were identified with 779 eligible patients. The results of metaanalyses showed that the rate of pathological complete response was significantly higher in the group receiving rastuzumab and tlapatinib than that in the group with trastuzumab alone (53.3%vs 38.8%，RR=1.39, 95 %CI： 1.201.63; P<0.001). No statistical differences were observed in regarding adverse events among patients receiving trastuzumab or the combination of trastuzumab and lapatinib, except the grade ⅢⅣ diarrhea (2.2%vs 25.6%，RR=11.54, 95%CI： 5.6923.41; P<0.001).  ConclusionThe combination of trastuzumab and lapatinib added to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HER2positive breast cancer is more effective, without more adverse reactions except diarrhea; it ia an effective and safe treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of circulating tumor cells detection in non-small cell lung cancer LI Hao-；Li-Sheng-；Zhang-Bai-Jiang 2015, 42 (4):  298-300.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.016 Abstract ( 406 )   PDF (710KB) ( 1563 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of three antiangiogenic agents in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer WU Zheng-Qi-；Zhang-Zhi-Yi-；Wang-Hui-Juan-；Liu-Xiao-Jun 2015, 42 (4):  301-304.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.017 Abstract ( 710 )   PDF (718KB) ( 1426 )   Save Angiogenesis plays a vital role in carcinogenesis and development of colorectal cancer. Treatment targeting VEGF signaling pathway acquires important survival prolong for advanced colorectal cancer patients. For advanced colorectal cancer patients, bevacizumab could furtherly prolongs survival time in the setting of first line, second line and continuing therapy after firstprogression therapy combined with chemotherapy. Aflibercept used in combination with irinotecancontaining regimen improves the survival of advanced colorectal cancer patients in secondline setting. Regorafenib also improves the survival of advanced colorectal cancer patients who have progressed after all line treatment. Considering these suivival benefit and their favorable safety, antiangiogenic agents should be taken into all lines of therapy in the management of advanced colorectal cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Differences between right-sided and left-sided intestinal cancers Yang-Jiao-；Fu-Jian-Fei-；Zhong-Xian-；Yuan-Ying 2015, 42 (4):  305-308.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.018 Abstract ( 616 )   PDF (718KB) ( 1273 )   Save Decreasing trend has occurred in incidence of colorectal cancer in developed countries. A shift from left to right in location of colorectal cancer has been recognized, which may be associated with colonoscopy screening, aging population, diet structure modification, increased incidence of cancer and diabetes. Factors including sex, race and education may also play a role to some extent. Rightsided intestinal cancers have higher proportion of poor differentiation, terminal stage and mucinous component. Complications and second primary intestinal cancer are more common in rightsided intestinal cancers. Leftsided intestinal cancers tend to be well differentiated and at relatively early stage at diagnosis. With respect to molecular mechanism, rightsided cancers are associated with mismatch repair system, while leftsided cancers are related to p53 mutation. Based on the differences in clinicopathology and genetics, it′s implied that leftsided and rightsided intestinal cancers may belong to two different kind of disease. It′s suggested that attentions should be paid differently according to their respective characteristics in clinical practice and trials. References | Related Articles | Metrics

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.019 Sheng-Neng-Quan-；Yang-Yi-；Wang-Zhi-Gang 2015, 42 (4):  309-312.  Abstract ( 572 )   PDF (715KB) ( 1515 )   Save 【Abstract】Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor (GI-NET) originates from peptide neurons and neuroendocrine cells in gastrointestinal tract, and secrets peptide hormones, leading to carcinoid syndrome which rarely happens in clinical practice. Because of the improvement of diagnostic method and understanding of this rare disease, the morbidity is rising in recent years. The main treatments of GINET are surgery and comprehensive therapy, consisting of chemotherapy and targeted therapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of ovarian cancer apoptosis related factor—Survivin and Smac MA Dan-；Ma-Ling 2015, 42 (4):  313-315.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.020 Abstract ( 418 )   PDF (709KB) ( 1432 )   Save Survivin is the strongest member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. Smac is the second mitochondriaderived activator of cysteine proteases, which can promote apoptosis by combining with IAP. Abnormal expression of them is closely related with occurrence, development, treatment tolerance and prognosis of ovarian cancer. It is prompted that Survivin and Smac are expected to play important roles in the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of ovarian cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Ikaros and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia YI Li-Jun-；Duan-Jun-Kai-；Li-Hong 2015, 42 (4):  316-318.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.04.021 Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (709KB) ( 1313 )   Save Ikaros is a regulatory factor playing an important role in control of the development of hematopoietic cells and immune system; and as a tumor suppressor,  its aberration can cause both T and B lineage development arrest and neoplastic transformation, leading to insensitive to therapy and poor prognosis in actue lymphoblastic leukemia. Recently, researches on how Ikaros affects the leukemogenesis and prognosis  become the focus of attention. References | Related Articles | Metrics