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08 January 2015, Volume 42 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells in peripheral blood of elderly patients with laryngeal cancer and its significance Lin Danqi, Que Zhenru, Cai Jiyi, Huang Qinhui, Xie Yi 2015, 42 (1):  1-4.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.001 Abstract ( 318 )   PDF (960KB) ( 1418 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of the expression characteristics of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells and CD4+IL17+ Th17 cells and the progress of the elderly patients with laryngeal cancer. MethodsSixty elderly patients diagnosed as laryngeal cancer in our hospital from January 2013 to June 2014 were chosen. Among them, 28 cases had lymph node metastasis and 32 without. Thirty cases without laryngeal diseases were chosen as control. The peripheral blood of elderly patients with laryngeal cancer and normal controls was extracted. The expression levels of Treg and Th17 cells in all groups were detected with flow cytometry, and the expression changes of Foxp3, RORγt in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) were detected with real time quantitative PCR. ResultsCompared with the control group, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg and CD4+IL17+ Th17 cell percentage, Treg and Th17 cells specific transcription factor Foxp3, RORγt expression levels in elderly laryngeal cancer patients without lymph node metastasis were significantly higher (t=9.817, P=0.018; t=12.120, P=0.009; t=6.090, P=0.023; t=7.130, P=0.028). Compared with elderly laryngeal cancer patients without lymph node metastasis, Treg and Th17 cell percentage and Foxp3, RORγt expression levels were significantly increased (t=9.070, P=0.014; t=12.140, P=0.009; t=10.130, P=0.009; t=13.070, P=0.008), and the ratios of Th17/Treg and Foxp3/RORγt were significantly lower (2.401±0.614 vs 3.763±0.959; 0.401±0.075 vs 0.563±0.091;t=9.070，P=0.014; t=11.140, P=0.007) in elderly laryngeal cancer patients with lymph node metastasis. ConclusionIn elderly patients with laryngeal cancer, Treg cells and Th17 cells imbalance is positively correlated to disease progression. Therefore, monitoring and correcting the expression levels of Treg and Th17 cells may be important for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the elderly patients with laryngeal cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of simvastatin on human breast cancer osteolytic bone metastasis in a nude mice model Chen Mingxia, Zhang Wei, Qu Jianli, Li Qiang, Wang Hai 2015, 42 (1):  5-9.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.002 Abstract ( 359 )   PDF (2433KB) ( 1091 )   Save ObjectiveTo observe the effect of simvastatin on bone metastasis of breast cancer in nude mice model. MethodsSixty mice were divided into three groups randomly with 20 in each group. Mice were inoculated with MDAMB231 cells into the left cardiac ventricle. After 7 days, mice were treated with either simvastatin, saline, or nothing twice per week for 19 days. The area of osteolytic metastases was subsequently measured in long bones of all mice using an image analysis system. After sacrifice, parathyroid hormonerelated protein (PTHrP) concentrations in bone marrow from all mice were determined using a twosite immunoradiometric assay. Osteoclast number expressed per millimeter of tumor/bone interface was assessed using an OsteoMeasure System. Measured data were compared with analysis of variance, and P＜0.05 for the difference was statistically significant.  ResultsThe area of osteolytic lesions was significantly lower in mice treated with simvastatin compared with mice receiving saline and no treatment (0.51±0.18 mm2 vs 2.13±1.24 mm2 vs 2.29±1.22 mm2;  F=15.600, P=0.002; F=15.673, P=0.001). In addition, treatment with simvastatin decreased the concentrations of PTHrP in bone marrow plasma (0.98±0.20 pmol/L vs 2.11±0.31 pmol/L vs 1.99±0.29 pmol/L;  F=61.469, P＜0.001; F=58.274, P＜0.001) and the osteoclast numbers per millimeter of tumor/bone interface (4.00±1.73 vs 11.40±4.93 vs 10.91±3.87; F=17.820, P=0.001; F=17.184, P=0.002) compared with controls. ConclusionSimvastatin may reduce the production of PTHrP of breast cancer cells, which suppresses the development of destructive bone lesions as well as the growth of breast cancer cells in bone. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Short-term efficacy and safety of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with paclitaxel and lobaplatin for advanced esophageal cancer Wang Tao, Yang Junsheng 2015, 42 (1):  10-13.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.003 Abstract ( 556 )   PDF (1044KB) ( 1426 )   Save ObjectiveTo evaluate the shortterm efficacy and safety of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with paclitaxel and lobaplatin for advanced esophageal cancer.  MethodsSixtyeight patients with advanced esophageal cancer were randomly divided into two groups according to random number table method: CCRT with paclitaxel and lobaplatin (TL group) and CCRT with DDP and 5Fu (PF group). The CCRT regimen included radiotherapy at a total dose of 6070 Gy, and concurrent paclitaxel 60 mg/m2 on d1, a fraction per week for 68 weeks, lobaplatin 30 mg/m2 on d2, a fraction per 3 weeks (TL group), and concurrent DDP 75 mg/m2 on d1, 5Fu 500 mg/m2, d15, CF 200 mg/m2, d15 (PF group). ResultsAll 68 patients were evaluable for response. The response rates were 73.53% in TL group and 50.00% in PF group, the median progressionfree survival were 13.0 months in TL group and 6.5 months in PF group. There were significant differences (χ2=4.023, P=0.040; χ2= 4.512, P=0.034). The incidence rates of  ⅢⅣ degree nausea and vomiting, granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were 5.88% and 35.29%, 20.59% and 32.35%, 32.35% and 8.82%, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=8.500, P=0.003; χ2=3.200, P=0.041; χ2=6.710, P=0.016). The incidence rates of ⅢⅣ degree esophagitis in the two groups were 11.76% and 17.65%, and there was no significant difference (χ2=1.45, P=0.493). ConclusionThe efficacy of TL group in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer is excellent, and all toxicities are well tolerated. So this protocol may be considered a main regimen in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

RNA interference gene therapy targeting NHERF1 inhibits proliferation of prostate cancer cell line PC-3M Ma Qiang, Zheng Junfang, Jiao Yanna, Gao Honglin, Li Deguan, Liu Jianfeng, Liu Qiang, Song Naling 2015, 42 (1):  14-17.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.004 Abstract ( 391 )   PDF (1456KB) ( 1340 )   Save Objective To investigate the effect of NHERF1shRNA on malignant behaviors of prostate cancer cell PC3M. MethodspSuper.puro NHERF1 shRNA vector and negative control (pSuper.puro luciferase shRNA) were transfected into prostate cancer cell PC3M. Then the cell line stably knockdown NHERF1 was obtained and verified by Western blot analysis. Methyl thiazolyl thiazolium (MTT) was used to detect the proliferative activity of PC3M cell. The cell migration abilities were examined by wound healing assay. Flow cytometry method was applied to detect the effect of NHERF1shRNA on apoptosis of PC3M cell line. The expressions of Bax and Bcl2 in NHERF1shRNA cells were detected by Western blot. ResultsCompared with PC3M cells and the cells which were integrated of empty vectors, NHERF1shRNA could weaken the proliferation of PC3M cells significantly (F=62.63, P=0.004), and significantly repress PC3M cells migration, and increase the apoptosis percent of PC3M cell line apparently ［(2.55±0.92)% and (11.98±3.28)%］, up to 4 times (t=-2.392, P=0.001). NHERF1shRNA could reduce the expression of Bcl2 and increase the expression of Bax. ConclusionNHERF1shRNA can inhibit the proliferation and migration of PC3M cell, and promote its apoptosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expressions of B7-H1 and Bcl-2 in epithelial ovarian cancer and their clinical significance Hao Zhiqiang, Li Xiaofeng, Yu Dedong, Bai Xuefeng 2015, 42 (1):  18-21.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.005 Abstract ( 424 )   PDF (1081KB) ( 1300 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions of B7-H1 and Bcl-2 proteins in epithelial ovarian cancer, and to explore the association of the expressions of B7-H1 and Bcl-2 with clinicopathological features. MethodsThe expressions of B7-H1 and Bcl-2 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry in 80 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer tissues and 20 normal ovary tissues. The association of the expressions of B7H1 and Bcl2 with the clinicopathological features was analyzed. ResultsThe positive expression rates of B7H1 and Bcl2 in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues were 77.5% (62/80) and 58.8% (47/80), both higher than 15.0% (3/20) and 10.0% (2/20) in normal ovary tissues with significant difference （χ2=27.473, P＜0.05; χ2=15.216, P＜0.05）. Both of Bcl2 and B7H1 expressions in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues were negatively correlated with the differentiation degree of epithelial ovarian cancer (χ2=9.367， P＜0.01； χ2=11.702， P＜0.01). The Bcl-2 expression in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues was positively correlated with the FIGO stage (χ2=7.766, P＜0.01). The expression of B7-H1 was positively correlated with the expression of Bcl2 in epithelial ovarian cancer (r=0.400, P＜0.01). ConclusionThe expressions of B7-H1 and Bcl-2 are upregulated in epithelial ovarian cancer and they correlate to each other positively. The expressions of B7-H1 and Bcl-2 are correlated with the invasion and metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer. The detection of B7-H1 combined with Bcl-2 may have an important clinical significance in the diagnosis and treatment for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Construction and inhibitory effect of microRNA expression vector targeting survivin on proliferation of human colorectal carcinoma HT-29 cells Cui Yunfu, Hao Tao, Wang Ronghua, Li Baosong, Ma Chong, Fan Peng 2015, 42 (1):  22-26.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.006 Abstract ( 386 )   PDF (1479KB) ( 1093 )   Save Objective To construct microRNA (miRNA) expression vector targeting surviving, and to investigate its effect on transfected human colorectal carcinoma (HT29) cell apoptosis and proliferation. MethodsmiRNA targeting survivin was synthesized and transfected HT29 cells by lipofectin. HT29 cells were cultured in the 6 orifices. The cultured cells were divided into control, liposome, negative control and positive control groups. Transient transfected cells were collected and the proliferation index and apoptosis rate of HT29 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of survivin mRNA and protein were detected by RTPCR and Western blot. ResultsThe proliferation index and apoptosis rate of the positive control group were significantly higher compared with normal group, transfection group and mockvehicle group (17.98%±2.35% vs 38.04%±2.11% vs 36.73%±2.51% vs 36.57%±3.05%; t=20.05, P<0.01; t=18.75, P<0.01; t=18.59, P<0.01; 19.54%±1.74% vs 3.13%±0.29% vs 3.70%±0.44% vs 3.61%±0.50%; t=16.40, P<0.01; t=15.84, P<0.01; t=15.92, P＜0.01). Survivin mRNA and protein expression levels were specifically suppressed in transfected HT29 cells (t=0.68, P<0.01; t=0.58, P<0.01; t=0.61, P<0.01; t=0.64, P<0.01; t=0.62, P<0.01; t=0.67, P＜0.01). ConclusionSurvivin targeted silence can effectively decrease the expression of survivin mRNA and protein, induce colorectal carcinoma HT29 cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Roles of polymorphism in promoter region of miR-34b/c in cancer: a Meta analysis Zeng Hui, Zeng Tuo, Long Xinghua 2015, 42 (1):  27-31.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.007 Abstract ( 345 )   PDF (1008KB) ( 1152 )   Save Objective To investigate the association between the genetic variant in the promoter region of miR34b/c and cancer risk. MethodsDatabases such as PubMed、EMBase、Wanfang、VIP、CNKI and so on were searched comprehensively. Based on the including and excluding criteria, literatures that were eligible were screened and data were retrieved. Meta analysis was performed by RevMan 5.1 software. ResultsThrough searching and manually searching relevant references, a total of 9 articles with 10 independent studies were included. No significant associations were detected in C vs T, CC vs TT, CC+CT vs TT and CC vs CT+TT comparison models. However, in the CT vs TT comparison model, the result showed a significant association (Z=2.33, P=0.02). Meanwhile, subgroup analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer both showed significant associations with the polymorphism, with C vs T (OR=1.11, Z=2.10, P=0.04), CT vs TT (Z=2.40, P=0.02), CC+CT vs TT (Z=2.45, P=0.01) and CC vs TT (OR=0.66, Z=2.43, P=0.02）, CC vs CT+TT (OR=0.67, Z=2.40, P=0.02) respectively. The C allele increased significantly the susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma, and the CC genotype reduced significantly the susceptibility of colorectal cancer. ConclusionThe genetic variant in the promoter region of miR34b/c rs4938723 T>C is significantly associated with the susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Association between the triple-negative breast cancer and the risk of BRCA1 mutation: a Meta-analysis Zhang Li, Long Xinghua 2015, 42 (1):  32-36.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.008 Abstract ( 524 )   PDF (1529KB) ( 1560 )   Save Objective To systematically evaluate the risk of BRCA1 mutation in patients with triplenegative breast cancer (TNBC). MethodsArticles about the association between the TNBC and BRCA1 mutation were retrieved from database, such as PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and CBM databases. The odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate the risk of BRCA1 mutation in TNBC compared with nonTNBC. Rev Man 5.2 software was applied to perform the Metaanalysis. ResultsA total of 23 articles were eligible for the Metaanalysis, including 1 104 patients with TNBC and 4 245 patients with non-TNBC. The pooled OR was 7.67 and 95%CI(6.24, 9.42), and the difference was statistically significant (Z=19.38, P<0.000 01). In the subgroup analysis about the race, the pooled OR for Asian was 6.67 and 95%CI (4.98, 8.95). The pooled OR for Caucasian was 8.83 and 95%CI (6.61, 11.80). There was statistically significant difference in the pooled OR between the Asian and the Caucasian（Z=14.74,P＜0.000 01）. ConclusionThe patients with TNBC are 7.67 times more likely to have BRCA1 mutation compared with nonTNBC phenotype. Largesample randomized controlled trials are warranted to demonstrate the detection of BRCA1 mutation can be a conventional application in clinical for the patients with TNBC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Mechanism research of Tbx3 gene in tumor progression Shan Zezhi, Yan Xuebing, Tian Yuan, Jin Zhiming 2015, 42 (1):  37-39.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.009 Abstract ( 395 )   PDF (697KB) ( 1342 )   Save As a member of Tbox family, Tbx3 (Tbox3) is widely expressed in multiple organs and involves in the development of breast, limb, heart, eye, lung and pancreas during embryonic development stage. Moreover, Tbx3 plays an important role in maintaining the embryonic stem cells. Recent studies show that Tbx3 can work as a transcription factor to participate in the initiation and progression of tumor by epithelialmesenchymal transition, induction tumor stemness and methylation. A better understanding of Tbx3 will provide new insights into genetic diagnosis and targeted treatment of tumor. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Functional mechanism of SIRT1 gene in tumor Ma Wei, Lu Ying, Mao Jun, Zhao Wenyue, Li Lianhong 2015, 42 (1):  40-42.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.010 Abstract ( 1680 )   PDF (696KB) ( 1829 )   Save Sirtuin 1 （SIRT1）, the Ⅲ class deacetylation enzyme, is a kind of NAD+ dependent histone deacetylation enzyme. The role of SIRT1 in tumor has the duality. It can inhibit inflammation, tumor angiogenesis and interact with tumor related gene to inhibit tumor development. However, it can also regulate tumor related genes, and epithelialmesenchymal transition, promote tumor cell proliferation and tolerance of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and maintain the stemness of cancer stem cells to promote tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Transforming growth factor-β and tumor Tang Nailing, Guo Zhi, Yang Xueling 2015, 42 (1):  43-45.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.011 Abstract ( 592 )   PDF (698KB) ( 1358 )   Save Many  studies show that transforming growth factorβ (TGFβ) can suppress tumor by inhibiting proliferation and dedifferentiation of cells and promoting cell apoptosis at early stage. But during the progression of tumor, its tumorpromoting action will be more and more obvious with the variation of TGFβ itself and its signal path. TGFβ signal path inhibitors have antitumor activity, but the clinical effects and side effects still need to be observed.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress of nanotechnology in circulating tumor cell Gao Yang, Yuan Zhou 2015, 42 (1):  46-48.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.012 Abstract ( 361 )   PDF (698KB) ( 1339 )   Save Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play pivotal roles for monitoring the tumor metastasis and prognosis. The nanotechnology provides a favourable platform for CTCs detection, and enables CTCs to be more promising for practical application. Meanwhile, the nanoscale device by virtue of nanotechnology has broad application prospects in eliminating CTCs and offers a new direction in the field of anticancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Radiotherapy sensitization mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor-α Ge Yizhi, Wang Buhai, Xu Lichun 2015, 42 (1):  49-51.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.013 Abstract ( 505 )   PDF (702KB) ( 1404 )   Save Tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）is a kind of cytokines with a wide range of biological activity, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. Nowadays, a number of researchers use TNFα as a radiationsensitizing agent to evaluate the effect of radiation sensitivity of tumor cells. The scheme may have correlation with cell apoptosis, cell cycle, hypoxic cells, repair of DNA damage, etc. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Advances of peptides in cancer treatment Zhang Ziqiang, Yang Xiaofeng, Liu Jiehao 2015, 42 (1):  52-55.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.014 Abstract ( 422 )   PDF (702KB) ( 1658 )   Save Studies demonstrate that peptides have great potential in cancer therapy and inhibitation of tumor progression. Peptides can be used as hormones, vaccines, carriers of redionuclides and cytotoxic drugs as well as antitumor drugs playing important roles in oncotherapy. Targeting chemotherapy and targeting drug transportation technique can enable the drugs to concentrate expected location selectively and effectively, emerging as an alternative to the conventional chemotherapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Mechanism and strategy of the secondary resistance to EGFR-TKI in patients with lung cancer Liu Siwen, Yu Shaorong, Feng Jifeng 2015, 42 (1):  56-59.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.015 Abstract ( 409 )   PDF (705KB) ( 1597 )   Save Epidermal growth factor receptortyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFRTKI) is one of the most important targeted drugs for lung cancer patients carrying EGFR sensitive mutations. However, almost all patients that are effective to this treatment will eventually develop secondary resistance to EGFRTKI. The most accepted mechanisms of resistance mainly include T790M mutation, MET amplification, PIK3CA mutation, downregulation of PTEN expression and activation of Fastranscription factorκB. Recent years, many new drugs are developed to overcome this resistance. Although most of drugs are in the stages of cell or animal experiment, some new drugs get positive clinical results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical pathological features and surgical treatment of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Lei Daoxiong, Wang Fengbiao, Liu Sen 2015, 42 (1):  60-63.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.016 Abstract ( 504 )   PDF (706KB) ( 1324 )   Save Primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second frequent malignant tumor in adult liver, and appears an increasing tendency worldwide. Gross type is frequently massforming and a tubular adenocarcinoma is shown as the typical histopathological appearance. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment, and liver transplantation is selected for the patients with early ICC. Rediofrequency ablation, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or molecular targeted therapies should be considered in the treatment of the unresectable or recurrent patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Radiotherapy of locally advanced pancreatic cancer Jin Linzhi, Wang Renben 2015, 42 (1):  64-66.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.017 Abstract ( 308 )   PDF (698KB) ( 1404 )   Save Over the past years, the nonsurgical treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer was chemotherapy， whereas the role of radiotherapy was controversial. With the development of precise radiotherapy techniques, radiotherapy has become one of the main treatments. In addition, brachytherapy radioactive seed implantation provides a new treatment method for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. However, there are no criteria about the optimum technology, dose and concurrently chemotherapy drugs, which need further clinical research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Adipokines and colorectal cancer Chen Yan, Chen Mingwei 2015, 42 (1):  67-70.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.018 Abstract ( 378 )   PDF (703KB) ( 1258 )   Save Adipocytokines included adiponectin, leptin, omentin and visfatin are secreted by adipocytes and closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Many studies find that these adipocytokines are correlated with the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, and may be promising biomarkers with respect to clinical diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. At present, the occurrence mechanisms of colorectal cancer induced by adipocytokines are unclear and needed to be extensively explored. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Recent advances in the internal medical management of extranodal nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma Wang Jingjing, Dong Mei 2015, 42 (1):  71-73.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.019 Abstract ( 466 )   PDF (698KB) ( 1425 )   Save Extranodal nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a highly aggressive nonHodgkin lymphoma. Due to its low occurrence even in prevalent areas, there has been no large sample randomized controlled clinical trials. Therefore, no standard therapeutic strategy is currently identified in this disease. Tumor cells are insensitive to conventional anthracyclinescontaining chemotherapy because of high expression of multidrug resistant gene 1. Regimens that incorporate the use of Lasparaginase or gemcitabine result in substantial improvements in overall response rate and are promising treatment for ENKTL. Targeted therapy, immunomodulatory therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are still under research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Status analysis of gene therapy in osteosarcoma Zhang Ning, You Jianyu, Guo Weina, Zhao Baolin 2015, 42 (1):  74-76.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.01.020 Abstract ( 477 )   PDF (696KB) ( 1239 )   Save At present, the medical profession generally acknowledged the best way to treat osteosarcoma is gene therapy, which includes tumor suppressor gene therapy, antisense gene therapy, suicide gene therapy, immune gene therapy, combined gene therapy, etc. But no matter what kind of gene therapy is that the gene must have a safe carrier. Gene therapy has made a breakthrough in osteosarcoma recently. On the basis of widespread use, we should emphasize the importance of gene vectors. References | Related Articles | Metrics