CAF的分型、分布及其与肿瘤的关系

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250613-00027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

癌相关成纤维细胞（CAF）是构建肿瘤微环境的重要组分，具有显著异质性。现已鉴定出十多种CAF亚型，可分为促癌型和抑癌型两大类。促癌型CAF通过细胞外基质重塑、免疫抑制、血管生成及代谢重编程促进肿瘤进展。相反，抑癌型CAF则通过招募CD8⁺ T细胞/自然杀伤（NK）细胞发挥抗肿瘤效应。不同CAF亚型的空间分布与肿瘤区域特定微环境密切相关，且多个亚型可在特定条件下发生动态转化，诱发肿瘤的治疗抵抗进而影响患者预后。靶向清除促癌CAF亚群或诱导其向抑癌亚型转化，是重塑肿瘤微环境、遏制肿瘤发展和克服耐药性的重要潜在策略。

关键词: 癌相关成纤维细胞, 组织分布, 肿瘤逃逸, 代谢

Abstract:

Cancer-associated fibroblasts （CAFs） are important components in constructing tumor microenvironment and exhibit significant heterogeneity. Currently，more than ten CAFs subtypes have been identified，which can be classified into two major categories： cancer-promoting and cancer-restraining. Cancer-promoting CAFs promotes tumor progression through extracellular matrix remodeling，immune suppression，angiogenesis and metabolic reprogramming. In contrast，cancer-restraining CAFs exerts anti-tumor effects by recruiting CD8⁺ T cells/natural killer （NK） cells. The spatial distribution of different CAFs subtypes is closely associated with the specific microenvironment of the tumor region，and multiple subtypes can undergo dynamic transformation under specific conditions，inducing tumor treatment resistance and thereby affecting patient prognosis. Targeting the elimination of cancer-promoting CAFs subsets or inducing their transformation into cancer-restraining subtypes is a promising strategy for remodeling the tumor microenvironment，inhibiting tumor progression，and overcoming drug resistance.

Key words: Cancer-associated fibroblast, Tissue distribution, Tumor escape, Metabolism

卿书漫, 王园园, 余舒阳, 李营歌, 姚颐. CAF的分型、分布及其与肿瘤的关系[J]. 国际肿瘤学杂志, 2026, 53(3): 167-173.

Qing Shuman, Wang Yuanyuan, Yu Shuyang, Li Yingge, Yao Yi. Classification，distribution and relationship with tumors of CAF[J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2026, 53(3): 167-173.

图/表 1

表1

CAF各亚型及其特征基因、标志蛋白、功能以及空间分布"

CAF亚型	缩写	特征基因	CAIX表达	标志蛋白	参与的生物学功能	空间分布
肌成纤维细胞样 CAF^[3,14-18]	myCAF	FAP、TPMI1、THBS2、 HAS2	阴性	α-SMA、POSTIN、 LRRC15、ITGA11、 SPARC	肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移、 ECM重塑	癌巢附近
基质重塑型 CAF^[11,19-21]	mCAF	MMP-11、CDH11、POSTN、 COL5A1、COL6A3、LUM、 DCN、FBLN、LOX、VCA	阴性	MMP-11、纤维蛋白-1、 Collagens、POSTIN、 LUM、DCN、FAP	基质沉积、ECM重塑、血管生成、免疫调节	肿瘤富基质边缘，临近血管、间质中表达
胞外基质型 CAF^[22-23]	eCAF	MMP-14、LOXL2、POX2、 POL4	阴性	POSTIN	免疫细胞极化、 ECM重塑	肿瘤远心部位的间质
炎症型 CAF^{[11,17-19,22]}	iCAF	CD34、CD248、C3/CFD、 CXCL12、CXCL14、IL-6、 PLA2G2A	阴性	CD26、IL-6、CXCL12、 LIF、APOD、PDGFR-α	免疫细胞浸润、化疗耐药	因癌种而异，非小细胞肺癌中多位于富癌区和氧分压正常区，胰腺癌中位于远离肿瘤细胞的结缔组织增生区
抗原呈递型 CAF^[24-27]	apCAF	CD74、HLA-DRA、ACTA2、 CCL5	阴性	MHC-Ⅱ、CDH11、 PDPN、CD74	肿瘤抗原呈递、免疫调节	间皮样apCAF临近肿瘤细胞，纤维细胞样apCAF多在淋巴细胞富集区
瘤样CAF^[4,11]	tCAF	PDPN、MME、ENO1	阳性	CD10、CD73、CAIX	肿瘤生长、血管生成	临近肿瘤-基质界面、缺氧区，与肿瘤细胞接触
缺氧 tCAF^[11]	-	-	阳性	CD10	肿瘤耐药	缺氧区或富癌区
血管相关型 CAF^[3,11,20,23]	vCAF	CD134、MACM（CD146）、 ACTA2、MEF2C、MUSTN1、 RGS5、NOTCH3	阴性	结蛋白、巢蛋白-2、 VEGF	血管生成	富癌区，临近血管
循环型CAF^[20]	cCAF	-		Ki-67		vCAF聚集区域
代谢型CAF^[28]	meCAF	PLA2G2A、KLF16、 CRABP2	-	PLA2G2A	糖酵解	基质区域，靠近mCAF
脂质加工型 CAF^[24]	lpCAF	-	-	载脂蛋白A1、载脂蛋白C1	脂质加工	瘤外分布
脂质加工基质型 CAF^[24]	lpmCAF （CD36⁺ CAF）	COL6A3、COL1A1、CD36、 STEAP4	-	CD36	ECM、胆固醇和脂肪酸代谢	瘤内分布
干扰素响应型 CAF^[11]	ifnCAF	IL-32、CXCL9、CXCL 10、 CXCL11、IDO1	阴性	IDO	慢性炎症	肿瘤-基质界面
SMA型CAF^[11]	SMA-CAF	-	阴性	SMA、PDGFR-b、 CD146、FAP（-）、 MMP（-）、Collagen（-）	免疫细胞浸润	基质区
发育型 CAF^[3,11,20,23]	dCAF	SCRG1、MKI67、TUBA1B、 SOX9、SOX10	阴性	SCRG1、Ki-67	细胞分裂	肿瘤-基质界面

表1

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