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08 November 2019, Volume 46 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Progress of external beam radiotherapy for thyroid cancer Dong Fang, Xue Jincai, Wang Yunsheng, Liu Qinjiang 2019, 46 (11):  641-648.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2019.11.001 Abstract ( 728 )   PDF (759KB) ( 536 )   Save External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is one of the important treatment of thyroid cancer. EBRT is still controversial in some aspects of differentiated thyroid cancer. With the development of radiotherapy technology, improvement of equipment and accuracy, treatment complications caused by EBRT are significantly reduced. As a result, EBRT is valued again in the treatment of thyroid cancer, and its indications have been broadened. How to improve the curative effect and guarantee the quality of life becomes the focus of attention. EBRT may be an effective treatment for specific stage and pathological type of thyroid cancer. The multidisciplinary approach is expected to benefit more patients in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

Study on the molecular mechanism of miR-200b-3p regulates the proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by down-regulating VEGFA Li Qinghe, Liu Huichun, Zhang Jiayao, Li Wei 2019, 46 (11):  649-656.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2019.11.002 Abstract ( 471 )   PDF (3347KB) ( 291 )   Save ObjectiveTo explore the molecular mechanism of miR-200b-3p regulates the proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). MethodsThe expression of miR-200b-3p in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines was detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR (qRT-PCR). Pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells were divided into NC group, miR-200b-3p mimic group, si-VEGFA group and si-VEGFA+miR-200b-3p inhibitor group. The proliferation, migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells were measured by CCK-8 and Transwell assay. The apoptosis of PANC-1 cells was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining flow cytometry assay. The targeted relationship of miR-200b-3p and VEGFA was estimated by dual luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blotting. ResultsThe expression of miR-200b-3p in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines was decreased. After miR-200b-3p was overexpressed in PANC-1 cells for 48 h, the cell viabilities of PANC-1 cells in NC group and miR-200b-3p mimic group were 1.250±0.028 and 0.983±0.044, the numbers of migrated cells were 402.700±21.530 and 158.000±17.620, the numbers of invaded cells were 478.300±31.050 and 170.000±32.470, and the cell apoptosis rates were (5.280±0.352)% and (7.430±0.393)%. The cell viability, migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells in miR-200b-3p mimic group were significantly decreased than those in NC group (t=5.060, P=0.007; t=8.796, P=0.001; t=6.863, P=0.002). The cell apoptosis rate in miR-200b-3p mimic group was significantly higher than that in NC group (t=4.076, P=0.015). The fluorescence intensity in VEGFA-WT group was 1.000±0.027, which was significantly higher than that in VEGFA-WT+miR-200b-3p mimic group (0.632±0.048; t=6.637, P=0.003). The fluorescence intensities in VEGFA-MUT group and VEGFA-MUT + miR-200b-3p mimic group were 1.000±0.049 and 0.868±0.047, with no statistically significant difference (t=1.944, P=0.124). After miR-200b-3p was overexpressed in PANC-1 cells for 48 h, the expressions of VEGFA in NC group and miR-200b-3p mimic group were 1.000±0.058 and 0.762±0.020, respectively. The expression level in miR-200b-3p mimic group was lower than that in NC group (t=3.908, P=0.017). After transfection of PANC-1 cells with si-VEGFA or si-VEGFA + miR-200b-3p inhibitor for 48 h, the cell viabilities of PANC-1 cells in NC group, si-VEGFA group and si-VEGFA + miR-200b-3p inhibitor group were 1.300±0.058, 0.943±0.047 and 1.143±0.023, the numbers of migrated cells were 446.000±17.350, 206.300±19.360 and 428.300±30.330, and the numbers of invaded cells were 510.300±24.550, 175.700±24.290 and 473.700±35.530, with statistically significant differences (F=15.830, P=0.004, F=33.530, P=0.001, F=38.860, P<0.001). The cell viability, migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells in si-VEGFA group were significantly decreased than those in NC group (P=0.003, P<0.001, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between si-VEGFA + miR-200b-3p inhibitor group and NC group (P=0.107, P=0.854, P=0.671). The cell apoptosis rates in NC group, si-VEGFA group and si-VEGFA+miR-200b-3p inhibitor group were (3.810±0.577)%, (7.373±0.482)% and (3.650±0.514)%, with a statistically significant difference (F=16.020, P=0.004). The cell apoptosis rate in si-VEGFA group was significantly higher than that in NC group (P=0.007), but there was no significantly difference between si-VEGFA + miR-200b-3p inhibitor group and NC group (P=0.975). ConclusionmiR-200b-3p suppresses the proliferation, invasion and migration and promotes the apoptosis of pancreatic cells  by down-regulating VEGFA. Related Articles | Metrics

The landscape of palliative systemic therapy and overall survival analysis of elderly patients with advanced breast cancer in China National Cancer Center Guan Xiuwen, Ma Fei, Xu Binghe 2019, 46 (11):  657-661.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2019.11.003 Abstract ( 541 )   PDF (1499KB) ( 406 )   Save ObjectiveTo compare the survival data of elderly advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients in China National Cancer Center with USA and summarize the therapeutic characteristics in elderly ABC patients via real world study. MethodsWe summarized the clinicopathological characteristics, therapeutic regimens and survival outcome of 1 425 females with ABC who were initially hospitalized between January 2003 and December 2013 from Database in China National Cancer Center and compared with 21 185 ABC patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. ResultsThe median overall survival (OS) of elderly patients was significantly shorter than that of the young group in China National Cancer Center (35.5 months vs. 43.9 months; χ2=8.747, P=0.003), which was similar to the survival feature in SEER database (24.0 months vs. 36.0 months; χ2=540.227, P<0.001). Compared with the young population, significantly more elderly patients suffered from the medical complications of hypertension ［30.3% (67/221) vs. 9.5% (114/1 204); χ2=73.073, P<0.001］, diabetes ［14.5% (32/221) vs. 4.7% (57/1 204); χ2=30.220, P<0.001］ and heart disease ［6.3% (14/221) vs. 1.7% (20/1 204); χ2=17.638, P<0.001］. In estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR)-positive patients, the percentage of receiving first-line endocrine therapy in elderly patients was significantly larger than that of the young population ［26.9% (43/160) vs. 9.5% (80/841); χ2=37.599, P<0.001］. Moreover, in ER and/or PR-positive population, the elderly patients underwent first-line endocrine therapy resulted in better OS than those underwent first-line chemotherapy (49.9 months vs. 32.6 months; χ2=4.774, P=0.029), while no significant difference was observed between these two therapeutic modes in the young population (56.9 months vs. 48.8 months; χ2=1.103, P=0.294). ConclusionThe proportion of elderly ABC patients with the medical complication of hypertension, diabetes and heart disease is significantly larger than that of the young population, which may lead to the difference in treatment decision making. In ER and/or PR-positive elderly ABC patients, receiving first-line endocrine therapy may result in better survival than first-line chemotherapy. Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of 3D-CRT combined with PC chemotherapy on non-small cell lung cancer patients and serum CA125, TIMP-1, SAA levels and immune function Wang Yongcun, Hu Wenhua, Chen Hualin, Lin Jiong, Lai Zhennan, Liang Yahai, Wu Aibing, Yang Zhixiong 2019, 46 (11):  662-667.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2019.11.004 Abstract ( 475 )   PDF (660KB) ( 244 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) combined with PC chemotherapy (paclitaxel + carboplatin) on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and the serum levels of CA125, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), serum amyloid A (SAA) and T-lymphocyte subsets. MethodsA total of 100 patients with NSCLC treated in Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from May 2015 to December 2017 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table method, with 50 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with 3D-CRT combined with PC chemotherapy, while the control group was treated with PC chemotherapy. The two groups were treated for 4 cycles. The therapeutic effect, serum CA125, TIMP-1, SAA, T-lymphocyte subsets and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. ResultsFour cases were lost to follow-up both in the two groups. The overall response  rate in the observation group (43.48%, 20/46) was higher than that in the control group (23.91%, 11/46; χ2=3.941, P=0.047). The serum levels of CA125, TIMP-1 and SAA of the two groups had no significant difference before treatment, and the levels of these indexes decreased after treatment. The serum levels of CA125, TIMP-1 and SAA in the observation group after treatment were (12.31±1.13) U/ml, (275.31±13.69) pg/ml and (47.21±7.21) mg/L, which were lower than those in the control group ［(30.36±1.98) U/ml, (320.36±17.23) pg/ml, (65.92±8.36) mg/L］, with significant differences (t=53.699, P＜0.001; t=13.884, P＜0.001; t=11.495, P＜0.001). The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ of the two groups had no significant difference before treatment, and the levels of these indexes decreased after treatment. The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group were (35.27±10.31)%, (20.27±6.72)%, (15.89±3.37)% and 0.91±0.37, which were higher than those in the control group ［(30.77±9.27)%, (15.27±5.73)%, (12.02±2.69)% and 0.75±0.39］, with significant differences (t=2.201, P=0.030; t=3.840, P＜0.001; t=6.087, P＜0.001; t=2.019, P=0.047). There were no significant differences in the adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting ［63.04% (29/46) vs. 43.48% (20/46); χ2=3.537, P=0.060］, phlebitis ［6.52% (3/46) vs. 4.35% (2/46); χ2=0.000, P＞0.999］, abnormal liver function ［6.52% (3/46) vs. 2.17% (1/46); χ2=0.261, P=0.609］ and myelosuppression ［8.70% (4/46) vs. 6.52% (3/46); χ2=0.000, P＞0.999］ between the observation group and the control group. ConclusionFor patients with NSCLC, 3D-CRT combined with PC chemotherapy can improve the overall response rate, decrease the levels of serum CA125, TIMP-1 and SAA, and improve the immune function of patients. The therapeutic effect is remarkable and the safety is good. The therapeutic scheme is suitable for the treatment of NSCLC. Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and clinical significance of ribosome-binding protein 1 in esophageal carcinoma Peng Yancai, Hao Dengrong 2019, 46 (11):  668-672.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2019.11.005 Abstract ( 498 )   PDF (1100KB) ( 317 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and clinical significance of ribosome-binding protein 1 (RRBP1) in esophageal carcinoma. MethodsA total of 120 esophageal carcinoma patients admitted to Yulin First Hospital of Shaanxi Province from January 2010 to December 2014 were enrolled in this study. RRBP1 expression was detected in esophageal carcinoma and matched adjacent normal tissues by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. The relationships of RRBP1 expression with clinicopathological futures and prognosis were statistically analyzed. ResultsRRBP1 expression level was significantly higher in esophageal carcinoma tissues compared with matched adjacent normal tissues. In the mRNA level, the relative quantitative expression in tumor tissues was 3.5±1.3, and 1.0±0.3 in adjacent normal tissues, with a significant difference (t=19.130, P＜0.001). In the protein level, the relative quantitative expression in tumor tissues was 1.0±0.4, and 0.3±0.1 in adjacent normal tissues, with a significant difference (t=4.225, P＜0.001). The immunohistochemical results showed that RRBP1 high expression was found in 71 (59.2%) tumor tissues, and the proportion dropped to 11.7% (14/120) in adjacent normal tissues, with a significant difference (χ2=59.182, P＜0.001). In addition, RRBP1 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (χ2=10.631, P=0.001; χ2=31.212, P＜0.001). Survival analysis revealed that RRBP1 expression, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage were significantly correlated with patients′ prognosis (χ2=9.455, P=0.006; χ2=14.542, P＜0.001; χ2=11.987, P＜0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that high expression of RRBP1 (RR=2.441, 95%CI: 1.267-4.702, P=0.008), lymph node metastasis (RR=4.024, 95%CI: 2.180-7.424, P＜0.001) and high TNM stage (RR=3.054, 95%CI: 1.452-6.421, P=0.003) were the risk factors for poor prognosis of esophageal carcinoma patients. ConclusionRRBP1 is highly expressed in esophageal carcinoma and can serve as a potential biomarker to predict patients′ prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

Efficacy and survival analysis of TACE combined with radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer Xu Yi, Tang Yan, Ding Bo, Liu Yuanzhi, Li Dongyang, Zhang Yan 2019, 46 (11):  673-677.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2019.11.006 Abstract ( 677 )   PDF (805KB) ( 296 )   Save ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of transhepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of colorectal cancer with liver metastasis. MethodsThe data of 92 patients with colorectal cancer with liver metastasis admitted to Nanyang First People′s Hospital of Henan Province from January 2014 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 46 patients treated with TACE were selected as the TACE group, and another 46 patients treated with TACE and RFA were selected as the combined group. The clinical efficacies of the two groups were compared, and the changes of Karnofsky functional status (KPS) scores before and after treatment in the two groups were analyzed. The incidences of complications in the two groups were calculated. Patients in the two groups were followed up, and the progress-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. ResultsThe disease control rate of the combined group was 82.61% (38/46), and that of the TACE group was 63.04% (29/46). The disease control rate of the combined group was higher than that of the TACE group (χ2=4.449, P=0.035). Before treatment, the KPS scores of the combined group and the TACE group were 71.84±4.37, 72.22±4.26, with no statistically significant difference (t=0.423, P=0.673). After treatment, the KPS scores of the two groups were higher than those before treatment, and the KPS score of the combined group was higher than that of the TACE group (79.81±6.15 vs. 75.86±6.02; t=3.108, P=0.003). The incidence of complications was 54.35% (25/46) in the combined group and 41.30% (19/46) in the TACE group. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (χ2=1.568, P=0.210). The median PFS and OS in the TACE group were 12.6 and 20.7 months, and those in the combined group were 18.9 and 28.2 months. The PFS and OS of the combined group were longer than those of the TACE group (χ2=72.025, P＜0.001; χ2=26.580, P＜0.001). ConclusionTACE combined with RFA is effective in the treatment of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer, which can effectively improve the KPS score of patients, prolong the PFS and OS, and do not increase the risk of complications. Related Articles | Metrics

Research advances of EDIL3 in tumor Ke Bin, Li Bin, Liang Han 2019, 46 (11):  678-681.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2019.11.007 Abstract ( 789 )   PDF (644KB) ( 417 )   Save Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeat and discoidin Ⅰ-like domain 3 (EDIL3) is a extracellular matrix  protein that produced and secreted by endothelial cells and plays important roles in embryonic development, angiogenesis, and limit inflammation. Several recent studies indicate that EDIL3 is aberrantly expressed in pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer, which is associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. EDIL3 is widely participated in the regulating tumor initiation, progression and metastasis, and its abnormal expression is expected to provide a new method for diagnosis and therapy of cancers. Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and receptors in tumorigenesis Li Yang, Li Zhongxin, Jia Yitao 2019, 46 (11):  682-685.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2019.11.008 Abstract ( 1184 )   PDF (647KB) ( 397 )   Save The role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has attracted more and more attention in the development of tumor. In addition to the synthesis of 5-HT by enterochromaffin cells, some tumor cells and immune cells can also secrete 5-HT, and there are different 5-HT receptors on the surface of these cells. 5-HT plays multiple biological effects through activating different receptors. 5-HT promotes the proliferation and invasion of tumor and induces the angiogenesis of tumor tissues through activating its corresponding receptors, such as 5-HT1D, and so on. Furthermore, various 5-HT receptors are expressed on the surface of immune cells. On the one hand, physiological doses of 5-HT promote the proliferation and secretion of immune cells. On the other hand, pathologic 5-HT has an effect on inducing the differentiation of immune cells in the direction of immunosuppression, thus participating in the occurrence and development of tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

Mechanism of RhoA in malignant tumors Sun Guangshun, Mei Jie, Zhou Meng, Wu Di, Pan Jiadong, Liu Xiao 2019, 46 (11):  686-691.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2019.11.009 Abstract ( 603 )   PDF (663KB) ( 362 )   Save As a representative member of the Rho family, RhoA plays an important role in the oncogenesis and development of malignant tumors. According to previous studies, RhoA functions as a key regulator in mediating actin polymerization, cytoskeletal structure remodeling, cell polarity changes, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and so on. RhoA can promote multiple malignant phenotypes of tumor cells, such as migration, invasion, etc. At present, mainstream research believes that RhoA functions as oncogene in the carcinogenesis of tumors. Downregulated RhoA can inhibit tumor growth and progression, which can be used as a potential target for clinical anti-tumor therapy.  Related Articles | Metrics

Expression and function of CNPY2 in tumors Qu Zhenjie, Cui Qin 2019, 46 (11):  692-694.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2019.11.010 Abstract ( 568 )   PDF (634KB) ( 251 )   Save In order to satisfy the nutritional supply, neovascularization is needed in the growth of tumors. At present, anti-angiogenesis is one of the important directions in the research and development of anti-cancer drugs. CNPY2 is a new secretory angiogenic factor, which may participate in the occurrence and deve-lopment of tumors by promoting angiogenesis. CNPY2 is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors, and it may be a new target for diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Related Articles | Metrics

Research and application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in small cell lung cancer Wu Wenjuan, Li Guixiang, Du Mingli, Zhao Lei 2019, 46 (11):  695-698.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2019.11.011 Abstract ( 752 )   PDF (646KB) ( 318 )   Save Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma with a very high degree of malignancy. Currently, the standard treatment for SCLC is still chemoradiotherapy, and although SCLC is sensitive to chemotherapy in the early stage, recurrence and metastasis often occur due to drug resis-tance. In recent years, immunotherapy has made some progress in the study of SCLC. The immunodetection point programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors, such as nivolumab, atezolizumab and pabolizumab, have shown good antitumor activity in clinical studies of SCLC, and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy have shown better efficacy, providing a new strategy for the treatment of SCLC. Related Articles | Metrics

Progress of radiotherapy for vulvar cancer Zhang Baoyou, Wang Tiejun 2019, 46 (11):  699-704.  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2019.11.012 Abstract ( 566 )   PDF (963KB) ( 337 )   Save Radiation therapy has a major role in curative treatment of vulvar cancer patients including preoperative radiotherapy, radical radiotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy. Radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy may be able to achieve better clinical outcomes, but the rate of acute and chronic toxicities may be higher. So we should develop individual radiotherapy and chemotherapy program, strictly limit the dose and avoid treatment interruption. It is recommended to apply intensity-modulated radiotherapy, which is supe-rior to conventional radiotherapy in dose and clinical efficacy. Interstitial brachytherapy can be used selectively, but it requires a high level of surgical experience, and the doses to target and organs at risk need to be further discussed. Related Articles | Metrics