Abstract: ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of anticoagulant therapy in the patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MethodsOne hundred and fiftynine patients with NSCLC without venous thromboembolism (VTE) were divided into anticoagulant therapy group (81 cases) and control group (78 cases) by random number table method. The 81 cases in anticoagulant therapy group were treated with antitumor therapy and anticoagulant therapy, using low molecular heparin calcium 5 000 U subcutaneous injected for 1030 days, once every 12 hours. The 78 cases in control group were merely treated with antitumor therapy. ResultsAfter treated with anticoagulation therapy, patients in anticoagulant therapy group had prolonged prothrombin time ［(13.56±4.30)s vs (15.16±2.12)s; t=3.195, P=0.001］, active partial thromboplastin time ［(28.24±5.28)s vs (30.26±3.28)s; t=2.712, P=0.007)］, and a lower FIB ［(3.85±0.75)g/l vs (4.25±2.65)g/l; t=2.971, P=0.003］ compared with the patients in control group. The incidence of thrombosis rates of the two groups were 2.47% and 16.67% respectively, with statistical significance (χ2=9.901, P=0.002). Both the 1, 2 years overall survival rates of patients in anticoagulant therapy group were longer than those in control group, with statistical significances (χ2=5.496, P=0.026; χ2=4.540, P=0.046), while the 1, 2 years progressionfree survival rates of patients in the two groups were no statistical significances (χ2=2.034, P=0.182; χ2=0.091, P=0.395). Adverse reactions such as hemorrhage (4.94% vs 6.41%), thrombocytopenia (9.88% vs 8.98%), skin necrosis incidence (3.70% vs 1.28%) in the anticoagulant therapy group and control group were no statistical significances (χ2=0.516, P=0.685; χ2=0.008, P=1.000; χ2=0.847, P=0.632).ConclusionFor patients with NSCLC, prophylactic anticoagulant therapy can improve coagulation status, reduce the incidence of thrombosis, prolong OS, and no obvious adverse reactions.