Journal of International Oncology ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (6): 331-338.doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20251229-00054

• Original Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Analysis of prognosis and influencing factors of stage T3-4 laryngeal cancer patients based on propensity score matching

Yan Kun1,2,3, Xu Chenyang1,2, Song Wenhua1,2, Xia Tongliang1,2, Wei Dongmin1,2, Li Wenming1,2, Qian Ye1,2, Lei Dapeng1,2()   

  1. 1 Department of OtorhinolaryngologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, China
    2 National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology(Shandong University)Jinan 250012, China
    3 Department of OtorhinolaryngologyJunan People's Hospital,Shandong ProvinceJunan 276600, China
  • Received:2025-12-29 Online:2026-06-08 Published:2026-06-05
  • Contact: Lei Dapeng E-mail:leidapeng@sdu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(82471149);Key Research and Development Project(Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project)of Shandong Province of China(2025CXGC010603)

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the survival differences and prognostic factors between laryngeal function-preserving surgery and non-function-preserving surgery in patients with stage T3-4 laryngeal carcinoma. Methods A total of 358 patients with stage T3-4 laryngeal carcinoma who underwent surgery at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2010 to December 2020 were enrolled. Patients were divided into a laryngeal function-preserving group(n=180)and a non-function-preserving group(n=178)according to whether laryngeal function was preserved during surgery. After balancing confounding factors using propensity score matching(PSM), a study cohort of 52 patients in each group was established. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test was performed to compare survival differences between the two groups. Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis was performed to identify independent influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with stage T3-4 laryngeal carcinoma. Results Before PSM, the median overall survival(OS)of the all patients was not reached, with a 5-year OS rate of 58.3%. The median OS was not reached, and the 5-year OS rate was 64.9% in the function-preserving group, while the median OS was 84 months and the 5-year OS rate was 51.7% in the non-function-preserving group, with a statistically significant difference(χ²=6.40, P=0.011). After PSM, the median OS of the all patients was 92 months, with a 5-year OS rate of 61.2%. The median OS was 164 months and the 5-year OS rate was 67.3% in the function-preserving group, whereas the median OS was 84 months and the 5-year OS rate was 55.1% in the non-function-preserving group, with a statistically significant difference(χ²=4.06, P=0.044). After PSM, univariate analysis showed that, laryngeal function preservation(HR=0.57, 95%CI:0.33-0.94, P=0.048), differentiated degree(moderately differentiated:HR=1.14, 95%CI:1.02-1.27, P=0.021), tumor maximum diameter(2-5 cm:HR=1.97, 95%CI:1.28-3.03, P=0.002; >5 cm:HR=1.63, 95%CI:1.02-2.60, P=0.041), clinical N stage(stage 1:HR=2.95, 95%CI:1.29-6.75, P=0.011), oral intake within 2 weeks(HR=1.07, 95%CI:1.03-1.11, P<0.001), postoperative complications(minor:HR=2.81, 95%CI:1.31-6.00, P=0.008), comorbidity with other underlying diseases(HR=1.89, 95%CI:1.04-3.43, P=0.035), American National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance risk index(NNIS)classification(level 2:HR=0.41, 95%CI:0.17-0.96, P=0.039), and American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)score(2 score:HR=8.16, 95%CI:1.07-62.20, P=0.043)were influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with stage T3-4 laryngeal carcinoma. Multivariate analysis showed that, laryngeal function preservation(HR=0.24, 95%CI:0.11-0.51, P<0.001), differentiated degree(moderately differentiated:HR=1.26, 95%CI:1.08-1.48, P=0.004), tumor maximum diameter(2-5 cm:HR=4.59, 95%CI:2.31-9.14, P<0.001; >5 cm:HR=2.03, 95%CI:1.34-3.08, P<0.001), and oral intake within 2 weeks(HR=1.62, 95%CI:1.23-2.12, P<0.001)were independent influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with stage T3-4 laryngeal carcinoma. Conclusions Before and after PSM, laryngeal function-preserving surgery is associated with favorable survival benefits compared with non-function-preserving surgery in patients with stage T3-4 laryngeal carcinoma. Laryngeal function preservation, differentiated degree, tumor maximum diameter, and oral intake within 2 weeks are independent influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with stage T3-4 laryngeal carcinoma.

Key words: Laryngeal neoplasms, Otorhinolaryngologic surgical procedures, Prognosis, Propensity score matching