国际肿瘤学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (6): 331-338.doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20251229-00054

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于倾向性评分匹配的T3-4期喉癌患者预后及影响因素分析

燕坤1,2,3, 徐晨阳1,2, 宋文华1,2, 夏同良1,2, 魏东敏1,2, 李文明1,2, 钱晔1,2, 雷大鹏1,2()   

  1. 1 山东大学齐鲁医院耳鼻咽喉科济南 250012
    2 国家卫生健康委员会耳鼻喉科学重点实验室(山东大学)济南 250012
    3 山东省莒南县人民医院耳鼻咽喉科莒南 276600
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-29 出版日期:2026-06-08 发布日期:2026-06-05
  • 通讯作者: 雷大鹏,Email:leidapeng@sdu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82471149);山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2025CXGC010603)

Analysis of prognosis and influencing factors of stage T3-4 laryngeal cancer patients based on propensity score matching

Yan Kun1,2,3, Xu Chenyang1,2, Song Wenhua1,2, Xia Tongliang1,2, Wei Dongmin1,2, Li Wenming1,2, Qian Ye1,2, Lei Dapeng1,2()   

  1. 1 Department of OtorhinolaryngologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, China
    2 National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology(Shandong University)Jinan 250012, China
    3 Department of OtorhinolaryngologyJunan People's Hospital,Shandong ProvinceJunan 276600, China
  • Received:2025-12-29 Online:2026-06-08 Published:2026-06-05
  • Contact: Lei Dapeng,Email:leidapeng@sdu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(82471149);Key Research and Development Project(Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project)of Shandong Province of China(2025CXGC010603)

摘要:

目的 探讨T3-4期喉癌患者行保留喉功能手术与未保留喉功能手术的生存差异及预后影响因素。方法 选择2010年1月至2020年12月山东大学齐鲁医院收治的358例T3-4期喉癌手术患者为研究对象,根据术后是否保留喉功能将患者分为保留喉功能组(n=180)和未保留喉功能组(n=178)。采用倾向性评分匹配(PSM)平衡混杂因素后,形成两组各52例的研究队列。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线并行log-rank检验,比较保留喉功能组与未保留喉功能组患者的生存差异。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析T3-4期喉癌患者预后的独立影响因素。结果 PSM前,全部患者中位总生存期(OS)未达到,5年OS率为58.3%。其中保留喉功能组患者中位OS未达到,5年OS率为64.9%;未保留喉功能组患者中位OS为84个月,5年OS率为51.7%,两组患者生存情况差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.40,P=0.011)。PSM后,全部患者中位OS为92个月,5年OS率为61.2%。其中保留喉功能组患者中位OS为164个月,5年OS率为67.3%;未保留喉功能组患者中位OS为84个月,5年OS率为55.1%,两组患者生存情况差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.06,P=0.044)。PSM后,单因素分析显示,保留喉功能(HR=0.57,95%CI为0.33~0.94,P=0.048)、分化程度(中分化:HR=1.14,95%CI为1.02~1.27,P=0.021)、肿瘤最大径(2~5 cm:HR=1.97,95%CI为1.28~3.03,P=0.002;>5 cm:HR=1.63,95%CI为1.02~2.60,P=0.041)、cN分期(1期:HR=2.95,95%CI为1.29~6.75,P=0.011)、2周内经口进食(HR=1.07,95%CI为1.03~1.11,P<0.001)、合并术后并发症(轻微:HR=2.81,95%CI为1.31~6.00,P=0.008)、合并其他基础疾病(HR=1.89,95%CI为1.04~3.43,P=0.035)、美国国家院内感染监控风险指数(NNIS)分级(2级:HR=0.41,95%CI为0.17~0.96,P=0.039)、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)评分(2分:HR=8.16,95%CI为1.07~62.20,P=0.043)均是T3-4期喉癌患者预后的影响因素。多因素分析显示,保留喉功能(HR=0.24,95%CI为0.11~0.51,P<0.001)、分化程度(中分化:HR=1.26,95%CI为1.08~1.48,P=0.004)、肿瘤最大径(2~5 cm:HR=4.59,95%CI为2.31~9.14,P<0.001;>5 cm:HR=2.03,95%CI为1.34~3.08,P<0.001)、2周内经口进食(HR=1.62,95%CI为1.23~2.12,P<0.001)均是T3-4期喉癌患者预后的独立影响因素。结论 PSM前、后,与未保留喉功能相比,保留喉功能手术均有助于T3-4期喉癌患者生存获益,保留喉功能、分化程度、肿瘤最大径、2周内经口进食均是影响T3-4期喉癌患者预后的独立影响因素。

关键词: 喉肿瘤, 耳鼻喉外科手术, 预后, 倾向性评分匹配

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the survival differences and prognostic factors between laryngeal function-preserving surgery and non-function-preserving surgery in patients with stage T3-4 laryngeal carcinoma. Methods A total of 358 patients with stage T3-4 laryngeal carcinoma who underwent surgery at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2010 to December 2020 were enrolled. Patients were divided into a laryngeal function-preserving group(n=180)and a non-function-preserving group(n=178)according to whether laryngeal function was preserved during surgery. After balancing confounding factors using propensity score matching(PSM), a study cohort of 52 patients in each group was established. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test was performed to compare survival differences between the two groups. Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis was performed to identify independent influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with stage T3-4 laryngeal carcinoma. Results Before PSM, the median overall survival(OS)of the all patients was not reached, with a 5-year OS rate of 58.3%. The median OS was not reached, and the 5-year OS rate was 64.9% in the function-preserving group, while the median OS was 84 months and the 5-year OS rate was 51.7% in the non-function-preserving group, with a statistically significant difference(χ²=6.40, P=0.011). After PSM, the median OS of the all patients was 92 months, with a 5-year OS rate of 61.2%. The median OS was 164 months and the 5-year OS rate was 67.3% in the function-preserving group, whereas the median OS was 84 months and the 5-year OS rate was 55.1% in the non-function-preserving group, with a statistically significant difference(χ²=4.06, P=0.044). After PSM, univariate analysis showed that, laryngeal function preservation(HR=0.57, 95%CI:0.33-0.94, P=0.048), differentiated degree(moderately differentiated:HR=1.14, 95%CI:1.02-1.27, P=0.021), tumor maximum diameter(2-5 cm:HR=1.97, 95%CI:1.28-3.03, P=0.002; >5 cm:HR=1.63, 95%CI:1.02-2.60, P=0.041), clinical N stage(stage 1:HR=2.95, 95%CI:1.29-6.75, P=0.011), oral intake within 2 weeks(HR=1.07, 95%CI:1.03-1.11, P<0.001), postoperative complications(minor:HR=2.81, 95%CI:1.31-6.00, P=0.008), comorbidity with other underlying diseases(HR=1.89, 95%CI:1.04-3.43, P=0.035), American National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance risk index(NNIS)classification(level 2:HR=0.41, 95%CI:0.17-0.96, P=0.039), and American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)score(2 score:HR=8.16, 95%CI:1.07-62.20, P=0.043)were influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with stage T3-4 laryngeal carcinoma. Multivariate analysis showed that, laryngeal function preservation(HR=0.24, 95%CI:0.11-0.51, P<0.001), differentiated degree(moderately differentiated:HR=1.26, 95%CI:1.08-1.48, P=0.004), tumor maximum diameter(2-5 cm:HR=4.59, 95%CI:2.31-9.14, P<0.001; >5 cm:HR=2.03, 95%CI:1.34-3.08, P<0.001), and oral intake within 2 weeks(HR=1.62, 95%CI:1.23-2.12, P<0.001)were independent influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with stage T3-4 laryngeal carcinoma. Conclusions Before and after PSM, laryngeal function-preserving surgery is associated with favorable survival benefits compared with non-function-preserving surgery in patients with stage T3-4 laryngeal carcinoma. Laryngeal function preservation, differentiated degree, tumor maximum diameter, and oral intake within 2 weeks are independent influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with stage T3-4 laryngeal carcinoma.

Key words: Laryngeal neoplasms, Otorhinolaryngologic surgical procedures, Prognosis, Propensity score matching