Abstract: With the development of biomolecular technology, gene therapy has been demonstrated to be a promising treatment for the malignant glioma which is the most common type of primary brain tumor in adults. The vectors play important roles in gene therapy by transporting the therapy gene into target tumor cells. The vectors employed for glioma gene therapy are widely developed and used in clinical trials. There are mainly two kinds of gene vectors, biological and non-biological vectors. Biological vectors, including virus-like, bacterial, and stem cells, can efficiently delivery the gene into target tumor cells, but have potential genetic dangers. However, non-biological vectors, including liposomes and nanoparticles, which are of highly genetic safety can not transport the gene efficiently. Therefore, it is important to find targetable and genetically-safe vectors to establish highly-efficient gene therapy methods.