Journal of International Oncology ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 1-11.doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20221021-00001
Received:
2022-10-21
Revised:
2022-11-28
Online:
2023-01-08
Published:
2023-03-16
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分级 | 评判标准 | 基于分级的处理意见 |
---|---|---|
1级 | 轻微红或干性脱皮 | 每周随访1次 |
2级 | 中度红斑和(或)干性脱皮;斑片状湿性脱皮,或局限于皮肤皱襞的非出血性结痂 | 每周随访2次 ①干性脱皮无结痂:短期(1~2周)使用糖皮质激素乳膏,怀疑二重感染的使用抗生素;②皮肤皱襞湿性脱皮:每天使用糖皮质激素乳膏(1~2周)减轻炎症反应,出现任何双重感染迹象时,局部使用针对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗生素。如二重感染加重,考虑全身使用抗生素,软锌制剂可用于皮肤皱襞,但应在放疗前将其去除以避免辐射剂量学问题,也可以使用伊红;③皮肤皱襞的非出血性结痂:同②的处理,此外,凝胶可用于结痂处 |
3级 | 湿性脱皮或出血性结痂;皮肤皱襞以外的非出血性结痂,但大部分局限于皮肤皱襞;轻微擦伤引起的出血;需要口服抗生素的二重感染 | 评估每天随访的必要性,密切监测局部或全身感染,如发生在<50 Gy,考虑短暂中断治疗 ①无结痂的湿性脱皮:外用抗菌剂,短期(1~2周)使用糖皮质激素乳膏,怀疑二重感染的使用抗生素,口服抗生素无效的考虑改静脉使用,软锌制剂可用于皮肤皱襞,但应在放疗前将其去除以避免辐射剂量学问题,也可以使用伊红;②有结痂的湿性脱皮:外用抗菌剂,怀疑二重感染的使用抗生素,口服抗生素无效的考虑改静脉使用,凝胶可用于结痂处,避免皮肤外伤以防止重复感染,如果使用水胶体敷料,在进行放疗剂量测定时应考虑敷料的厚度。放疗结束后可使用水纤维敷料 |
4级 | 危及生命;广泛的出血性结痂或溃疡(面积>50%);受累部位大量自发性出血(>40%受累部位);全真皮层皮肤坏死或溃疡或任何大小的溃疡,伴有广泛组织、肌肉、骨骼或支撑结构的坏死,伴有或不伴有全层皮肤受损;有皮肤移植指征;需要静脉使用抗生素的多重感染性溃疡 | 同时中断放疗和西妥昔单抗,西妥昔单抗需中断至皮炎恢复至2级或以下;严重二重感染口服抗生素无效的考虑改静脉使用;住院治疗 |
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